Group 1: Low-altitude Economy - The low-altitude economy is expected to see significant development driven by large-scale infrastructure projects, with 2025 being a pivotal year for the transition from planning to industrial implementation [4] - The establishment of a nationwide low-altitude communication and navigation system is set to be completed by 2025, enhancing safety and operational capabilities in the low-altitude airspace [4] - The government's focus on developing new productive forces highlights the importance of the low-altitude economy in future economic strategies [4] Group 2: Deep Sea Technology - Deep sea technology has been elevated to a national strategic level, with significant market potential estimated in the trillions, covering areas such as deep-sea protection, detection, and resource development [5] - The government is expected to continue issuing supportive policies and financing for the deep sea technology sector, which is anticipated to accelerate its development [5] Group 3: Solar Thermal Power and Energy Storage - Solar thermal power generation is positioned as a stable and dispatchable energy source, with a projected cost reduction to 0.55 yuan per kilowatt-hour by 2025 [6] - The integration of molten salt energy storage systems is expected to enhance the efficiency and application of solar thermal power in various sectors [6] Group 4: Humanoid Robots - The aging population in China is driving the demand for humanoid robots, with projections indicating a labor supply gap of 6 million by 2025 and 20 million by 2030 [10] - The humanoid robot industry is expected to reach a market size of $32.4 billion globally and 75 billion yuan domestically by 2029 [10][12] - Recent policies in China are shifting focus from technology development to industrialization of humanoid robots, with several strategic plans being implemented [15] Group 5: Robotics Policies and Market Trends - China has introduced numerous policies to support the robotics industry, with a focus on enhancing manufacturing capabilities and promoting the integration of robotics in various sectors [15][19] - The market for humanoid robots is witnessing rapid commercialization, with several companies planning to deliver thousands of units in the coming years [18] Group 6: Commercial Space and Satellite Launches - The low-orbit satellite network is entering a dense phase, with a significant increase in satellite launches projected for the coming years [32] - The domestic satellite launch market is expected to grow from 12.4 billion yuan in 2020 to a substantial scale by 2030, driven by both state-owned and private enterprises [32]

正值全国碳市场运行四周年之际，6月25日，2025全国低碳日"国际自愿碳市场对话"在杭州召开，主题 为"巴黎协定背景下我国参与国际自愿碳市场的机遇与挑战"。 随着《巴黎协定》第六条实施细则的出台，国际碳市场合作框架逐步明晰。该条款首次明确允许国家间 通过碳信用交易机制（ITMOs）合作实现减排目标，为全球自愿碳市场注入新规则。 中国环境科学学会碳排放交易专业委员会主任、清华大学能源环境经济研究所所长张希良会后接受记者 采访时表示，四年以来，我国的碳市场建设取得了显著的成就，且中国在落实《巴黎协定》第六条中可 发挥重要作用，具备多方面优势。"我深刻感受到中国在国际碳市场上应更具自信，未来有望在全球自 愿碳市场中发挥引领作用。" 全国碳市场运行四年显成效 控排占比超60%，成本低促双碳落地 南都：正值全国碳市场运行四周年之际，如何评价我国碳排放权交易市场及温室气体自愿减排交易市场 的建设情况？ 张希良：我国的强制性碳市场取得了显著的成就，其关键作用在于切实推动"双碳"目标的落地实施。目 前，该市场所管控的碳排放量占全国排放总量的60%以上，且作为一种低成本减排机制，实现了以较低 成本达成减排目标，这是极具建设性的 ...