从海水中提取原料，竟能点亮万家灯火——是不是有些天方夜谭？但对科学家来说，这并不是遥不可及 的梦想，而是可控核聚变技术为人类描绘的美好未来。 日前，记者来到安徽合肥，走进未来大科学城，被科研人员探求人类"终极能源"的尝试深深震撼。 "太阳之所以发光放热，是由于其内部不断进行的核聚变反应。"在聚变创新展览馆，中国科学院合肥物 质院等离子体物理研究所团委书记叶华龙介绍，他们研究的可控核聚变技术就是借鉴太阳发光发热的原 理，让氢的同位素氘和氚结合，从而持续稳定释放出巨大能量。 氘和氚，就来自海水——氘可以从海水中直接提取，氚则可以通过氘和锂反应产生。 那么，一升海水能有多大能量？叶华龙说，从一升海水里面提取原料发生核聚变所释放的能量，可与 300升汽油相当。 核聚变能的好处还有很多。过去几十年发生的核灾难让不少人谈核色变。"核聚变却不同，一旦条件失 效，反应会瞬间停止，就像关掉水龙头一样安全，不存在核泄漏、核辐射风险。"叶华龙介绍。 原料丰富、清洁低碳、安全高效，大众口中所称的"人造太阳"，也被科学家视作人类"终极能源"。 在中国，这项"逐日"工作，已经持续了半个多世纪。近几年，科研人员进行的这场聚变发电接力赛不断 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses the advancements in controlled nuclear fusion technology, highlighting its potential as a clean and virtually limitless energy source for humanity [3][5][6]. Group 1: Nuclear Fusion Technology - Controlled nuclear fusion mimics the sun's energy production by fusing hydrogen isotopes deuterium and tritium, which can be extracted from seawater [5][6]. - One liter of seawater can produce fusion fuel deuterium, releasing energy equivalent to 300 liters of gasoline during nuclear fusion [5]. - Nuclear fusion is considered safer than nuclear fission, as the reaction stops immediately if conditions fail, eliminating risks of nuclear leakage or radiation [6]. Group 2: Recent Achievements - The Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) has achieved significant milestones, including a world record of 1 billion degrees Celsius for 1066 seconds in January [6][11]. - The new compact fusion energy experimental device (BEST) focuses on energy output, aiming to exceed input energy, which is crucial for commercialization [8][9]. Group 3: Industry Development - Over 30 small to medium-sized tech companies related to nuclear fusion have been established in Hefei, with some already listed [9]. - Hefei has nearly 60 companies covering the entire nuclear fusion energy industry chain, from superconducting materials to operational design [9][11]. - The establishment of the Fusion Industry Alliance in Hefei in 2023 has gathered over 200 member companies, enhancing collaboration across the industry [9]. Group 4: Future Prospects - The BEST device is expected to be completed by 2027, with the first demonstration of fusion energy generation planned for 2030, and a demonstration fusion engineering pile by 2035 [11]. - The industry anticipates a transition to a clean energy era, where fossil fuels will primarily serve as chemical raw materials, and fusion energy will play a central role [11].

Group 1 - China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) Capital announced an investment of 655 million yuan in Kunlun Capital for a total capital increase of 3.275 billion yuan, aimed at investing in controllable nuclear fusion projects [1] - This is not CNPC's first venture into nuclear fusion; last year, Kunlun Capital and Hefei Science Island Holdings became shareholders in a fusion energy company, each investing 2.9 billion yuan for a 20% stake [1] - Controllable nuclear fusion is referred to as the "ultimate energy" source, with the potential to provide limitless energy without high-level radioactive waste [3][4] Group 2 - The principle of nuclear fusion mimics the sun's energy production, utilizing isotopes of hydrogen (deuterium and tritium) to release significant energy [4] - The key technologies for achieving controllable nuclear fusion are magnetic confinement fusion and inertial confinement fusion, with the tokamak device being the most mainstream approach [4] - China has made significant advancements in nuclear fusion research, transitioning from a follower to a core player in the field, with projects like the EAST tokamak and participation in the ITER project [3][8] Group 3 - The ITER project, initiated in 1985, aims to create a large-scale fusion reactor through international collaboration, with China joining in 2006 and taking on a significant portion of the research tasks [9][10] - The CFEDR (China Fusion Engineering Demonstration Reactor) project is a strategic initiative to develop a demonstration reactor, with plans to achieve commercial fusion energy by 2050 [11][12] - The CRAFT (Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology) project is set to be completed by 2025, providing a platform for high-parameter testing and supporting the CFEDR project [12]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of comprehensive national scientific centers in driving China's technological innovation and achieving modernization goals, highlighting the significant contributions of these centers to original innovation capabilities and industrial transformation [1][3]. Group 1: Overview of Comprehensive National Scientific Centers - Comprehensive national scientific centers are established to embody national will and regional strategies, aiming to enhance original innovation capabilities and produce significant scientific achievements [3][5]. - The centers are designed to integrate high-level universities, research institutions, and high-tech enterprises, facilitating major technological infrastructure and interdisciplinary research [3][5]. Group 2: Achievements and Developments - The Hefei Comprehensive National Scientific Center has made notable advancements in fields such as information, energy, health, and environment, focusing on interdisciplinary and transformative technology research [5][11]. - In 2023, the Hefei center achieved a world record with the EAST device, completing a high-quality burn at 1 million degrees Celsius for 1066 seconds, marking a significant leap in fusion energy research [9][10]. Group 3: Role of Major Scientific Facilities - National laboratories and large scientific facilities are crucial components of comprehensive national scientific centers, serving as platforms for cutting-edge research and innovation [6][7]. - China has established around 10 national laboratories, with significant facilities located in Beijing, Shanghai, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, contributing to the country's strategic technological advancements [7][8]. Group 4: Future Prospects and Strategic Goals - The construction of comprehensive national scientific centers is aligned with China's 14th Five-Year Plan and aims to enhance the country's global competitiveness in technology [3][5]. - The centers are expected to foster a robust ecosystem for innovation, integrating basic research, technological breakthroughs, and industrial applications to drive economic growth [15].

Group 1: Space Tourism Development - The Yao Guang Rocket Viewing Platform in Hainan officially opened on May 20, 2023, and hosted around 800 visitors for the launch of the Long March 7 rocket [6][7] - The platform is located approximately 6 kilometers from the Wenchang Space Launch Site, enhancing the experience for visitors who can witness rocket launches up close [7] - The platform aims to expand its offerings by integrating space-themed educational programs and leisure activities, enhancing the overall visitor experience [7] Group 2: Mars Simulation Experience - The Mars 1 Base in Gansu features a landscape similar to Mars, providing immersive experiences for visitors, including simulated rocket launches and survival scenarios [9][10] - The base operates under a role-playing and task-driven model, allowing visitors to engage in over 60 tasks related to Mars exploration, enhancing their understanding of scientific concepts [10] - Future plans include developing unique tourism routes that combine technology and industry, leveraging local resources [10] Group 3: Scientific Education and Public Engagement - The Hefei Science Island, home to the EAST nuclear fusion experiment, offers educational tours for students, promoting scientific literacy and engagement with advanced research [11][12] - Hefei has developed a network of 270 science and technology tourism bases, creating over 110 educational routes to foster public interest in science [12] - The city aims to transform scientific resources into educational opportunities, enhancing the role of science in tourism [12]

本文核心数据：可控核聚变全产业链;区域热力图;代表性企业产业链布局 转自：前瞻产业研究院 行业主要上市公司：安泰科技(000969.SZ)，中国广核(003816.SZ)，永鼎股份(600105.SH)，西部超导 (688122.SH)，上海电气(601727.SH)等 1、可控核聚变产业链全景梳理：技术含量高，下游尚未商业化 可控核聚变产业链上游主要为各类原材料，包括超导磁体材料、金属钨、钽等稀有金属、特种钢材、氘和氚 等燃料等。中游主要为各类设备以及反应堆工程建设，以最常见的托卡马克核聚变实验装置为例，相关设备 包括磁体系统、真空系统(包括偏滤器、第一壁)、加热与电流驱动系统等核聚变主机设备以及压力容器、蒸 汽发生器、汽轮机、各类泵阀等其他设备。下游主要为核电站运营，用于科研及发电。 可控核聚变产业链上游企业，提供超导磁体材料的企业有久立新材、上海超导、联创超导等企业;包层材料 的企业有章源钨业、楚江新材;可制备氘的企业有上海众巍化学科技有限公司等，东方钽业生产的高纯铌材 是核聚变的重要靶材;白银有色的金属加工材料可用于核聚变超导电缆。 中游设备制造领域，西部超导制备的Nb3Sn超导线被行业广泛采纳;安泰 ...

点击注册小程序 查看完整报告 特别申明： 本订阅号中所涉及的证券研究信息由光大证券研究所编写，仅面向光大证券专业投资者客户，用作新媒体形势下研究 信息和研究观点的沟通交流。非光大证券专业投资者客户，请勿订阅、接收或使用本订阅号中的任何信息。本订阅号 难以设置访问权限，若给您造成不便，敬请谅解。光大证券研究所不会因关注、收到或阅读本订阅号推送内容而视相 关人员为光大证券的客户。 报告摘要 事件： 4月27日，经国务院常务会议审议，决定核准三门核电三期工程等5个核电项目，合计10台机组 。 真实能量，预计在2027年底建成。 （ 3）下一代"人造太阳"——中国聚变工程示范堆（ CFEDR）正在开 展工程设计，未来将瞄准建设世界首个聚变示范电站。 风险分析： 项目建设进度不及预期、 政策变化致项目核准进度不及预期 、 原材料价格上涨风险。 发布日期： 2025-04-28 免责声明 本订阅号是光大证券股份有限公司研究所（以下简称"光大证券研究所"）依法设立、独立 我国核电项目审批已经进入规模化核准阶段 根据《中国能源报》内容，此次核准的 5个核电机组具体为中核三门核电5、6号机组、中广核广西防城港 核电5、6号机组 ...

Core Insights - The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) is significantly empowering fusion research, aiming to reshape the ecosystem of nuclear fusion studies through deep collaboration among academia, industry, and policy [1][4] - Nuclear fusion, often referred to as the "artificial sun," simulates the energy release mechanism of the sun, requiring extreme conditions to fuse light atomic nuclei into heavier ones, thus providing a virtually limitless energy source [1][2] Group 1: Current Developments in Fusion Research - The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) project involves resources from 35 countries globally, while China's Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) collaborates with ITER, creating an innovative network covering approximately 70 countries and over 150 research institutions [2] - China's "Circulation Three" project is set to open for international collaboration by the end of 2023, with the first round of joint experiments in 2024 attracting participation from 17 global institutions, research institutes, and universities [2] Group 2: AI's Role in Fusion Research - AI has demonstrated significant advantages in handling complex data related to nuclear fusion, enabling precise predictions and intelligent control, transforming plasma data analysis from "hours of modeling" to "milliseconds for solutions" [3] - The introduction of AI allows for 300 milliseconds of advance prediction, effectively preventing interruptions in fusion reactions due to plasma instability, a feat traditional commercial software cannot achieve [3] - AI models can integrate specialized knowledge, expert experience, and experimental records, potentially leading to the establishment of a cross-device database, fundamentally revolutionizing fusion research paradigms [3] Group 3: Future Implications - The deepening integration of AI and fusion research is expected to pave the way for an open-source ecosystem, breaking down data barriers and enhancing resource integration to lower research and development risks [3] - This collaboration will also reduce the marginal costs of knowledge integration, promoting cross-disciplinary cooperation and accelerating the fusion research process [3][4] - The combination of AI and nuclear fusion represents a pinnacle challenge in science and engineering, serving as a test of human collaborative intelligence [3][4]

Core Insights - Nuclear fusion energy is considered the ultimate solution for human energy needs, with significant advancements being made in China towards its development [1][2] - China is constructing the compact fusion energy experimental device (BEST) in Hefei, expected to be completed by 2027, with the potential to demonstrate fusion power generation within five years [1] - The country aims to achieve a nuclear power installed capacity of 65 million kilowatts by the end of 2025, contributing to global nuclear energy growth projected to exceed 1.1 billion kilowatts by 2050 [1] Group 1: Nuclear Fusion Development - The "three-step" strategy for fusion energy application in China includes the recent achievement of the "billion-degree second" world record by the EAST device, marking a significant transition from basic science to engineering practice [1] - The BEST project will be the first to generate real energy and demonstrate fusion power generation on a global scale [1] - The Chinese Fusion Engineering Demonstration Reactor (CFEDR) has initiated engineering design, aiming to build the world's first fusion demonstration power plant [1] Group 2: Small Modular Reactors - The next decade is identified as a critical period for the development and promotion of small modular reactors (SMRs), which offer advantages such as shorter construction periods, lower investment costs, and greater site adaptability compared to large reactors [2] - SMRs are gaining global attention due to their inherent safety, smaller size, high power density, lower nuclear waste generation, and reduced decommissioning costs [2] - China has completed the world's first fourth-generation pebble bed high-temperature gas-cooled reactor and is expected to lead in constructing the first land-based small pressurized water reactor, "Linglong One," with commercial demonstration of small reactor power plants anticipated by around 2030 [2]

来源：环球时报 【环球时报报道 记者 李迅典】中国"人造太阳"——全超导托卡马克核聚变实验装置（EAST）1月20日 取得重大突破，成功实现1亿摄氏度1066秒稳态长脉冲高约束模等离子体运行，再次刷新了托卡马克装 置高约束模运行的世界纪录。近日《环球时报》记者走进中国科学院合肥物质院等离子体物理研究所， 就EAST的进展、核聚变未来应用前景等问题专访了该所副所长徐国盛。 "亿度千秒"世界纪录背后的15万次实验 在被问到如何看待中国EAST装置刷新的"亿度千秒"世界纪录时，徐国盛表示："目前全世界都在讨论在 全金属壁条件下，等离子体能否实现400-3000秒的运行。温度和密度以及约束时间三者乘积也被称 为'聚变三乘积'，缺一不可，我国此次的'亿度千秒'不仅极大地增强了国际社会对聚变能源实现的信 心，也为相关研究提供了关键数据支持。目前，仅中国实现了这一突破，向全世界展现了中国在核聚变 领域的强大实力。" "亿度千秒"的实现还标志着中国聚变能源研究从基础科学向工程实践的重大跨越。EAST的成功运行不 仅是中国核聚变研究的重大突破，也在国际核聚变领域产生了深远影响。法国正在建造的国际热核聚变 实验堆（ITER）是当 ...