Group 1 - The core concept of "aluminum replacing copper" as a conductive material is being actively explored by technology companies, with recent developments indicating a potential breakthrough in this area [1][2] - TE Connectivity and Bowei Alloy recently held a closed-door seminar to discuss advancements and future plans regarding the "aluminum replacing copper" technology, inviting over 50 leading companies in the automotive and battery sectors [1][3] - Copper is currently the most widely used conductive material, essential for the electrification of vehicles, with an average of 60 kilograms of copper used in each electric vehicle, significantly more than traditional fuel vehicles [1][4] Group 2 - Aluminum has about two-thirds the conductivity of annealed copper, but its lower melting point and softness can lead to issues such as increased electrical resistance and potential electrical accidents [2][3] - TE Connectivity announced a new generation of low-voltage aluminum core conductors that reportedly solve the issue of electrochemical corrosion between aluminum and copper, enhancing aluminum's creep resistance to near that of pure copper [2][3] - The collaboration between Bowei Alloy and TE Connectivity faced challenges, particularly with the mechanical strength and thermal stability of different aluminum alloys, leading to a focus on developing aluminum alloys that can withstand high temperatures [3][4] Group 3 - The automotive industry is facing a "copper shortage" crisis, with 80% of copper concentrate in China being imported, and the demand for copper continuing to rise due to advancements in artificial intelligence and electrification [4] - The transition to aluminum replacing copper is seen as beneficial for alleviating resource pressures and reducing carbon emissions, as the carbon emissions from primary copper smelting are three times higher than those from aluminum [4]