Core Insights - The article highlights the advancements in China's aerospace and marine exploration capabilities, showcasing the successful flight of the J-20 stealth fighter and the collaborative underwater operations of the "Jiaolong" manned submersible and an unmanned submersible [1][5]. Aerospace Industry - The J-20, China's first fifth-generation stealth fighter, has high stealth, situational awareness, and maneuverability, significantly enhancing strike success rates and enabling integrated operations with other aerial platforms [1][5]. - The J-20's maiden flight occurred on January 11, 2011, marking a milestone in China's aviation history, reflecting two decades of development in the aerospace industry [3][5]. - The successful development of the J-20 positions China among a select group of nations capable of independently developing stealth fighter jets, representing a historic leap in its aviation capabilities [5]. Marine Exploration Industry - The 15th Arctic Ocean scientific expedition marked China's largest Arctic research mission to date, involving the "Xuelong 2," "Jidali," "Shenhai Yihao," and "Tansuo Sanhao" vessels [5][10]. - The "Jiaolong" manned submersible and an unmanned submersible conducted the world's first underwater collaborative operations in polar regions, enhancing data comparability and operational efficiency [6][8]. - The expedition collected a significant number of biological samples, totaling 183 items across 12 categories, and filled gaps in high-latitude oceanographic surveys [10][12]. - The research improved understanding of the formation mechanisms of "marine snow" in the Arctic, contributing to ecological studies related to sea ice retreat [14].

Core Insights - The 15th Arctic scientific expedition by China has successfully completed its mission, marking the first underwater collaboration between manned and unmanned submersibles in polar regions [1][2] Group 1: Manned and Unmanned Submersible Collaboration - The "Jiaolong" manned submersible and an unmanned remotely operated vehicle (ROV) conducted the world's first underwater collaborative operation in the Arctic during the 15th Arctic scientific expedition [2][4] - The collaboration aimed to enhance the operational capabilities of the "Jiaolong" submersible, which traditionally operated in a single-point mode, by addressing challenges in communication and positioning [4][6] - The first joint dive on August 14 tested underwater positioning and communication functions, while the second dive on August 15 involved collaborative operations, including video documentation of sampling activities [6][8] Group 2: Innovative Research Techniques - The expedition introduced a novel investigation model combining AI recognition and environmental DNA detection for precise surveys of seabed organisms [9][10] - Thousands of deep-sea biological images collected by the research team supported AI biological recognition, which was further validated by environmental DNA analysis [10][12] - The AI recognition technology revealed significant variations in benthic organism density, biodiversity, and individual morphology across extensive spatial ranges [12] Group 3: Comprehensive Data Collection - The 15th Arctic expedition, involving four vessels, is noted as the largest Arctic scientific investigation conducted by China to date, reaching as far north as latitude 77.5° [13][15] - The "Jiaolong" submersible collected a substantial number of rock, sediment, and seawater samples, including 183 biological samples across 12 categories [15][17] - The expedition also deployed multiple underwater imaging observation systems at different depths and time scales, yielding multi-faceted data on the ice edge zone [17][19]

Core Insights - The article highlights China's successful completion of its 15th Arctic scientific expedition, marking the largest scale of such an endeavor to date [1][19] - A significant achievement during this expedition was the first manned deep-sea dive in the Arctic ice zone using the "Jiaolong" submersible, indicating a new phase in China's deep-sea exploration capabilities [3][5][7] Group 1: Expedition Overview - The expedition involved four vessels: "Snow Dragon 2," "Polar," "Deep Sea One," and "Exploration Three," showcasing China's commitment to Arctic research [1][19] - The expedition reached a record latitude of 77.5° North, filling a gap in high-latitude oceanic research for China [21] Group 2: Technological Innovations - The "Jiaolong" submersible's successful dive represents a breakthrough in China's deep-sea exploration, transitioning from "full ocean depth" to "full ocean area" operations [7] - The expedition featured the world's first underwater collaborative operation between manned and unmanned submersibles in the Arctic region, enhancing operational capabilities [8][10] Group 3: Scientific Discoveries - The expedition collected a diverse range of biological samples, including 183 specimens across 12 categories, contributing valuable data to marine biology [21] - AI technology was utilized for real-time biological identification during the expedition, combined with environmental DNA analysis to enhance accuracy [14][16] - The study revealed significant variations in benthic organism density and biodiversity across different spatial scales in the Arctic [18] Group 4: Environmental Insights - The expedition improved understanding of the formation mechanisms of "marine snow," a phenomenon observed in deep-sea environments, which is crucial for studying the Arctic ecosystem's response to climate change [23]