Core Insights - China is actively conducting oceanic scientific research with four research teams exploring various regions of the ocean, showcasing significant achievements since the 1970s [1] Group 1: Research Activities - The "Deep Sea No. 1" vessel, equipped with the "Jiaolong" manned submersible, is conducting a scientific expedition in the western Pacific, focusing on ecological surveys of hydrothermal areas and investigations in marine geology, chemistry, biology, and physics [1] - The "Jiaolong" submersible has completed its 419th dive, reaching depths exceeding 4000 meters, marking the operational phase of the "one ship, dual submersible" model [1] - The China Ocean 91 expedition is conducting resource and environmental surveys in the polymetallic nodule contract area, providing essential data for future mining equipment environmental impact assessments [1] Group 2: Future Missions - The China Ocean 95 expedition, set to begin on February 13, is heading to the southwestern Indian Ocean for polymetallic sulfide resource exploration and environmental baseline surveys, which will yield critical data for resource evaluation and environmental assessments [2] - The chief scientist of the expedition highlighted that exploring seabed sulfides and conducting environmental evaluations is an international challenge, with China employing advanced technologies for precise exploration of sulfide resources [2]

Core Viewpoint - The "Jiaolong" manned submersible successfully conducted its first dive of 2026 in the western Pacific, marking a significant advancement in deep-sea exploration capabilities [1] Group 1 - The dive was part of a scientific expedition in the western Pacific, utilizing the "Shenhai No. 1" vessel to support both the "Jiaolong" manned submersible and an unmanned remotely operated vehicle [1] - This operation signifies the transition to a business-oriented model for the "one ship, two submersibles" approach, enhancing operational efficiency in deep-sea research [1]

Core Insights - China has made significant achievements in ocean scientific research since the 1970s, with ongoing exploration efforts by four research teams during the Spring Festival [1] Group 1: Research Progress - The "Jiaolong" manned submersible is currently conducting a scientific expedition in the western Pacific, focusing on ecological surveys of hydrothermal areas and investigations in marine geology, chemistry, biology, and physics [1] - The "Jiaolong" submersible completed its 419th dive, marking the 8th dive of the current expedition, exceeding a depth of 4000 meters, and indicating the operational phase of the "one ship, dual submersible" model [3] - The China Ocean 91 expedition is conducting resource and environmental surveys in the polymetallic nodule contract area, providing data on resource distribution and winter environmental parameters for future mining equipment impact assessments [5] - The China Ocean 94 expedition in the northwest Indian Ocean is investigating the impacts of human activities and climate change on marine environments, focusing on mechanisms driving hypoxia and biodiversity evolution [7] - The China Ocean 95 expedition is heading to the southwestern Indian Ocean for polymetallic sulfide resource exploration and environmental baseline surveys, which will provide crucial data for resource evaluation and environmental assessments [9]

Core Viewpoint - The "Deep Sea No. 1" and "Jiaolong" manned submersible are conducting a comprehensive investigation in the western Pacific, focusing on deep-sea technology equipment testing and geological and environmental surveys [3]. Group 1: Mission Overview - The western Pacific comprehensive investigation voyage is executed by "Deep Sea No. 1" [3]. - The mission involves deep-sea technology equipment testing and geological and environmental surveys [3]. - The research team includes members from various prestigious institutions such as Laoshan National Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Nanjing University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [3]. Group 2: Equipment and Capabilities - The "Jiaolong" manned submersible will conduct a series of deep-sea investigation tasks and equipment application verification [3]. - The mission aims to enhance China's capabilities in deep-sea access and exploration [3].

Core Insights - The "Fendouzhe" manned submersible has embarked on an international mission under the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, marking a significant advancement in China's deep-sea exploration capabilities [1] Group 1: Mission Achievements - In 2025, China's three manned submersibles completed a total of 321 dives, with "Fendouzhe" leading at 118 dives, achieving regular manned deep-sea operations at depths of 10,000 meters [1] - The "Fendouzhe" submersible successfully conducted 43 dives during its 98-day Arctic expedition, making China the only country capable of continuous manned deep-sea operations in areas with over 80% ice coverage [1][16] - The mission resulted in the collection of valuable geological samples, including basalt from the Gakkel Ridge, which is crucial for understanding Earth's evolutionary history [3][16] Group 2: Technological Innovations - The "Fendouzhe" submersible has undergone various technological upgrades, including a secondary release device that allows it to hover at a depth of 300 meters before safely ascending, facilitating deep-sea operations in extreme conditions [18] - The collaboration between the submersible and the icebreaker "Exploration III" established a new mobile ice diving model, enhancing operational efficiency in the Arctic [16] Group 3: Research Contributions - The mission provided critical data and samples that will support research on Arctic climate change, evolutionary mechanisms of life, and deep mantle activities [16] - The successful dives in the Gakkel Ridge area, previously unexplored by manned submersibles, have positioned China as a leader in deep-sea scientific research [13][20]

Group 1: Agricultural Innovation - In 2025, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences will launch over a thousand new "Chinese-style" rose cut flower varieties, aiming to embed "Chinese core" into fresh flowers [1] Group 2: Aerospace Advancements - China's aerospace sector is experiencing "technological breakthroughs" and "scale explosion," highlighted by the successful launch of the Tianwen-2 probe and the "one rocket, nine satellites" mission, marking a significant step in international business [3] Group 3: Deep-Sea Technology - In 2025, China's manned submersible application level will continue to improve, with the "Jiaolong" submersible completing its first dive in the Arctic and two large dredging vessels launched, setting records in dredging depth and capacity [5] Group 4: Energy Technology - A 26 MW offshore wind turbine developed in China successfully connected to the grid, capable of generating 100 million kWh annually, and the "Hualong One" nuclear power unit in Fujian has also successfully connected to the grid, with an expected annual output of 20 billion kWh [7] Group 5: Manufacturing Strength - China's self-developed large-diameter shield tunneling machine and the AG600 amphibious aircraft have entered mass production, while the CR450 high-speed train prototype has set a new speed record of 453 km/h, showcasing advancements in manufacturing capabilities [9] Group 6: Scientific Research - The Jiangmen neutrino experiment has successfully completed the infusion of 20,000 tons of liquid scintillator, becoming the first large-scale neutrino facility, and the AIMS telescope has been accepted for operation, enhancing solar magnetic field observation [11]

Core Insights - In 2025, China's manned submersible application capabilities are expected to continue improving, achieving significant milestones with a total of 314 deep dive missions planned [4][6]. Group 1: Manned Submersible Operations - The "Jiaolong" submersible is projected to complete 93 dives in 2025, while the "Deep Sea Warrior" has already completed 106 dives as of December 20 this year, and the "Fighter" has completed 115 dives [6]. - The "Fighter" submersible team successfully conducted China's first manned deep dive scientific research in the Arctic dense ice area, expanding the operational scope from deep-sea to all ocean areas [8]. Group 2: Archaeological and Collaborative Efforts - In 2025, the "Deep Sea Warrior" will execute 18 deep-sea archaeological missions in the underwater cultural heritage area of the northwest slope of the South China Sea, marking the first collaboration between manned and unmanned submersibles for efficient underwater shipwreck investigations [11]. - By 2026, the cumulative number of dives by China's three deep-sea manned submersibles is expected to exceed 2,000, with a total of 1,746 dives completed to date [11]. Group 3: Future Prospects and International Collaboration - During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China aims to organize more domestic and international joint scientific research voyages, enhancing international scientific cooperation and promoting the development of deep-sea scientific research, technology R&D, and equipment applications [11].

Core Insights - In 2025, China's three manned submersibles are expected to complete a total of 314 manned deep-sea dives, indicating a continuous improvement in the application level of manned submersibles [1] - The "Jiaolong" submersible team achieved China's first manned deep dive in the Arctic ice zone in 2025, innovating a collaborative underwater operation model with the "Fendouzhe" submersible [2] - The "Fendouzhe" submersible team conducted China's first manned deep dive scientific expedition in densely packed Arctic ice, expanding the scope of manned deep diving from the ocean's bottom to all marine areas [4] - The "Deep Sea Warrior" submersible executed 18 deep-sea archaeological applications in the South China Sea, marking the first collaborative operation between manned and unmanned submersibles for efficient underwater shipwreck investigations [6] - By 2026, the cumulative number of dives by China's three manned submersibles is expected to exceed 2000, with plans for more domestic and international joint scientific expeditions during the 14th Five-Year Plan period [7]

Core Insights - In 2025, China's three manned submersibles are expected to complete a total of 314 deep-sea dives, indicating a continuous improvement in the application level of manned submersibles in the country [1][10] - The "Jiaolong" submersible is projected to dive 93 times, while the "Deep Sea Warrior" and "Fighter" submersibles have already completed 106 and 115 dives respectively as of December 20 this year [1] - The manned submersible operations have expanded from "full ocean depth" to "full ocean area," with the first manned dive in the Arctic ice zone being achieved [3][5] Group 1 - In 2025, the "Fighter" submersible team completed China's first manned dive in the Arctic ice zone and conducted underwater collaborative operations with the "Deep Sea Warrior," innovating a dual manned submersible underwater operation model [3] - The "Deep Sea Warrior" submersible executed 18 deep-sea archaeological applications in the South China Sea's northwest slope underwater cultural heritage protection area, marking the first collaborative operation between manned and unmanned submersibles for efficient underwater shipwreck investigations [8] - By 2026, the total number of dives by the three manned submersibles is expected to exceed 2000, with plans for more domestic and international joint scientific expeditions during the 14th Five-Year Plan period [10] Group 2 - The "Exploration No. 3," China's first manned submersible operation mother ship with ice-breaking capabilities, supported the "Fighter" submersible team in conducting the first manned deep-sea scientific expedition in densely packed Arctic ice areas [5] - The implementation of the "Global Abyss Exploration Plan" by the Chinese Academy of Sciences aims to promote international scientific cooperation and advance deep-sea scientific research, technology development, and equipment application [5]

Core Insights - The user committee of China's major scientific infrastructure "Manned Submersibles and Offshore Operation Mother Ship" announced the annual application status of three manned submersibles for 2025 and preliminary plans for 2026 [1] Group 1: Manned Submersible Operations - In 2025, the "Jiaolong" manned submersible is expected to dive 93 times, while the "Deep Sea Warrior" and "Fighter" submersibles have already completed 106 and 115 dives respectively as of December 20, 2025, leading to a total of 314 manned deep-sea dives for the year [7] - The "Jiaolong" team achieved China's first manned dive in the Arctic ice zone in 2025, collaborating with the "Fighter" for underwater operations, thus innovating a dual-manned submersible operational model [10] Group 2: Research and Exploration Initiatives - The "Fighter" submersible is advancing the "Global Abyss Exploration Plan," organizing the first international joint scientific expedition to the Puysegur Trench for manned deep-sea dives [12] - The "Fighter" team completed China's first manned deep-sea scientific expedition in densely packed Arctic ice, expanding the scope of manned deep-sea operations from "full ocean depth" to "full ocean area" [12] Group 3: Future Projections - By 2026, the cumulative number of dives by China's three manned submersibles is expected to exceed 2000 [14] - In 2025, the "Deep Sea Warrior" conducted 18 dives in the South China Sea's northwest slope underwater cultural heritage protection area, marking the first collaborative operation between manned and unmanned submersibles for efficient underwater shipwreck investigations [13] - During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, China aims to organize more domestic and international joint scientific expeditions leveraging manned and unmanned deep-sea equipment, enhancing international scientific cooperation and promoting deep-sea research and technology development [17]