实现这一突破，吴桂琴团队用了近二十年的时间。 早在读书期间，吴桂琴跟随导师鉴定企业进口种鸡时才得知，我国的蛋鸡种源竟然80%以上要依赖进 口。而国内企业引种时，也总要看国际育种公司的脸色，时间、数量、质量和价格通通没有话语权。加 上进口种鸡有核心技术保护，不能直接用来育种，种源被"卡脖子"，自然也就没法保证鸡蛋的稳定供 应。 本报记者 骆倩雯 "我们可以很自豪地说，中国人每吃2枚鸡蛋，就有1枚来自京系蛋鸡。" 北京市华都峪口禽业有限责任公司副总经理 吴桂琴 中国人每吃2枚鸡蛋，就有1枚来自京系蛋鸡。女博士吴桂琴和她的团队，让中国有了自己的蛋鸡种源， 实现了"吃蛋自由"。 有一个场景至今还深深地刻在吴桂琴的脑海里。读博期间她到美国公派留学，参加了国际蛋鸡育种公司 的全球技术培训班。在参观实验室时，技术人员拿出一个试管，往里面滴了一滴液体后轻轻摇动，当出 现絮状沉淀后他神情骄傲地告诉大家"这就是鸡的基因组DNA"。"当时来自全球各地的客户都露出了惊 异的表情，赞叹不已，而我的内心却五味杂陈，因为这样的操作正是我读研期间熬夜苦干的常规动作， 压根不是什么稀奇的技术。"吴桂琴懂了，商业育种的核心技术并不是高不可攀，况 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the advancements in citrus breeding technology that have led to the development of more flavorful and nutritious citrus varieties, transforming the market availability of fresh citrus fruits throughout the year [2][3]. Group 1: Citrus Breeding Technology - Traditional breeding methods involve selecting superior plants from various regions, followed by cross-pollination and extensive evaluation of hybrid offspring to identify desirable traits [2]. - Advanced techniques such as embryo grafting have significantly reduced the time required for hybrid varieties to flower and bear fruit, shortening the breeding cycle to just three to five years [2]. - The development of genomic and phenomic technologies has led to the creation of a citrus "chip," which allows for the identification of over 40,000 core genetic markers from more than 300 representative citrus germplasm resources [2][3]. Group 2: Genetic Editing and Future Prospects - The citrus breeding process has been enhanced by gene editing technologies, specifically the CRISPR-Cas9 system, which allows for precise modifications of genetic material to improve traits such as disease resistance and fruit quality [3][4]. - Theoretically, it is possible to concentrate desirable traits such as high sweetness, juiciness, vitamin content, and high yield into a single variety, although these new varieties are currently limited to laboratory research and not yet available in the market [4]. - With the support of new technologies, the industry anticipates the continuous introduction of tastier and healthier citrus varieties, enhancing consumer experience [5].