Core Insights - The report titled "Natural and Biodiversity Finance: Theory and Practice" was released at the 2025 Bund Annual Conference, outlining China's achievements in financial support for biodiversity, establishing a multi-dimensional support system for global biodiversity governance [1] Group 1: Standard System Improvement - Biodiversity finance has been integrated into the sustainable finance framework, with the 2025 revised "Green Finance Support Project Directory" establishing a separate category for "Ecological Protection, Restoration, and Utilization," which supports activities related to nature and biodiversity [2] - Approximately 20% to 30% of green finance business is directed towards biodiversity-related activities, with the scale continuing to expand [2] - The People's Bank of China is developing specific biodiversity finance standards, resulting in a draft "Biodiversity Finance Directory" that includes 87 items across four categories, adding 24 new items compared to the previous directory [2] Group 2: Financial Product Innovation - Financial institutions in China are launching diverse products to attract social capital for biodiversity protection, integrating biodiversity into the green finance policy framework [3] - Innovative financial products include GEP pledge loans, wetland carbon credit loans, and biodiversity performance-linked loans, with breakthroughs in bond issuance for biodiversity-themed green bonds [3] - The ecological compensation mechanism is being advanced, with projects like the Yuanbao Maple project in Guizhou generating over 2000 yuan per mu in annual income, providing a replicable model for ecological project profitability [3] Group 3: Information Disclosure and Risk Assessment - Financial institutions and local governments are exploring assessment methods for nature-related financial risks, embedding biodiversity sensitivity into the entire credit process [4] - The 2025 "Sustainable Development Report Preparation Guidelines" released by the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges reference the international TNFD framework, laying the groundwork for nature-related information disclosure [4] - 33 companies, including Mengniu and CATL, have joined the TNFD pilot, gradually aligning with international standards [4] Group 4: International Cooperation - China's role in global biodiversity finance governance is evolving from a "participant" to a "co-builder," having chaired the COP15 and facilitated the "Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework" [5] - The establishment of the Kunming Biodiversity Fund has projects covering 15 developing countries across six continents [5] - The People's Bank of China is promoting the inclusion of natural and biodiversity issues in G20 sustainable finance discussions, with bilateral cooperation deepening with countries like the UK, EU, and Singapore [6]

Core Viewpoint - Zhejiang Province is a pioneer in green finance reform and innovation, actively exploring effective financial support mechanisms for biodiversity protection, achieving positive results [1][2]. Group 1: Financial Support Mechanisms - Zhejiang has established a framework for financial support for biodiversity protection, including the development of a biodiversity financial standard system and the promotion of financial institutions to create biodiversity financial service systems [1]. - Huzhou City has taken the lead in issuing implementation opinions on financial support for biodiversity protection, guiding financial institutions to build biodiversity financial service systems [1]. - Quzhou City has developed a biodiversity risk management system based on a green finance credit information service platform, integrating it with a digital governance platform and 27 financial institutions for efficient risk assessment [1]. - Lishui City has established a smart monitoring system for biodiversity and published the first local guideline for ecological product value accounting, supporting financial institutions in project evaluation and monitoring [1]. Group 2: Innovative Financial Products and Models - Zhejiang is innovating various financial products and financing models to meet the diverse and personalized financing needs in the biodiversity sector, focusing on major projects like national parks and ecosystem restoration [2]. - Huzhou City has created a mixed financing model combining fiscal subsidies, ecological compensation, and credit support, introducing unique credit products like wetland carbon credit loans and biodiversity protection GEP green loans [2]. - Quzhou City has introduced financing services such as "Happy Living" and "Housing Loan" to support ecological relocation and has piloted an ecosystem-oriented development (EOD) investment model [2]. - Lishui City has launched ecological rights pledge loan models like "GEP Loan" and "Ecological Benefit Loan," promoting the transformation of "ecological rights" into "ecological capital" [2].

Core Viewpoint - The development of marine economy and blue finance is crucial for China's sustainable growth and ecological protection, with a focus on enhancing marine resource utilization and financial support for marine industries [1][4]. Group 1: Marine Economy Development - China has a vast marine area of 3 million square kilometers and a coastline of 18,000 kilometers, providing significant potential for marine economic development [1]. - Financial institutions are actively enhancing blue finance services to support the growth of the marine economy, including innovative blue carbon financial products [1][2]. Group 2: Financing Challenges and Solutions - Marine enterprises face financing difficulties due to a lack of understanding of financial products and how to engage with financial institutions [2]. - Local banks in Shandong are addressing these challenges by establishing marine industry financial centers and offering comprehensive financial services tailored to marine enterprises [2][3]. - Agricultural Bank of China in Shandong has introduced "marine usage rights mortgage loans" to help alleviate financing issues in the marine fishery sector [2]. Group 3: Blue Carbon Finance - Blue carbon finance is emerging as a key area of innovation, with banks exploring carbon trading and financing related to marine carbon sequestration [4][5]. - In 2021, Industrial Bank launched the first blue carbon fund in China, supporting the country's dual carbon goals [4]. - The carbon sequestration capacity of marine environments is significantly higher than that of terrestrial ecosystems, highlighting the potential of blue carbon markets [5]. Group 4: Blue Bonds and Financial Support - Blue bonds are becoming an important financial tool for promoting sustainable marine development, filling financing gaps in the marine economy [7]. - China has successfully issued various blue bonds, expanding financing channels for marine projects [7]. - Recommendations include establishing national blue finance standards to guide financial institutions in issuing blue loans and bonds [7].