【环球时报报道 记者 刘扬】据多家美国媒体日前报道，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）发布消息称，已在火星轨道上运行超过10年的"火星大气与挥发物 演化任务"（MAVEN）探测器突然与地面站"失联"。NASA的相关团队正在对失联情况进行调查。被称为美国火星探测任务中"最年轻轨道探测器"的 MAVEN一旦彻底失联，将会带来哪些损失？又将会对NASA的火星探测任务产生哪些连锁反应？ 根据NASA发布的消息，MAVEN于12月6日与地球地面站失去联系。此前，MAVEN的遥测数据显示，在其绕火星运行至火星背面之前，所有子系统均运 行正常。然而，当MAVEN飞出火星背后之后，NASA的深空网络未能探测到它的信号。相关团队正在调查这一异常情况并着手解决。 MAVEN探测器于2013年11月发射，并于2014年9月进入火星轨道，已经在轨工作超过10年。该任务的目标是探索火星的高层大气、电离层以及与太阳风的 相互作用，从而研究火星大气逸散到太空的过程。了解火星大气逸散有助于科学家深入了解火星大气和气候的演变史、液态水是否存在以及火星的宜居 性。此外，MAVEN探测器还是在火星表面工作的美国火星车的通信中继站。 目前NASA有3个 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses the recent observations of the interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS, which has sparked curiosity and speculation since its entry into the solar system this summer, traveling at a speed exceeding 240,000 kilometers per hour [2][3] Group 1: Observations and Findings - NASA has released images from multiple spacecraft, confirming that 3I/ATLAS is a typical comet driven by ordinary physical mechanisms, dismissing theories of it being an alien spacecraft [2] - The closest images were captured by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), showing a blurry white ball composed of dust and ice, with the comet's activity increasing as it approaches the Sun [3] - Data from the James Webb Space Telescope and SPHEREx provided insights into the comet's composition, revealing a significant amount of carbon dioxide and water ice near its nucleus [3] Group 2: Anomalies and Characteristics - Observations indicated unusual phenomena, such as a rapid brightening of the comet as it neared the Sun and the detection of nickel vapor, which is atypical for low-temperature environments [4] - The comet's behavior was reconstructed in three-dimensional space using data from various spacecraft, enhancing the understanding of its characteristics [4] Group 3: Size and Origin - Despite accumulating observations, the exact size of 3I/ATLAS remains uncertain, estimated to be between several hundred meters to a few kilometers in diameter, with its shape obscured by dust [5] - The origin of 3I/ATLAS is challenging to determine, with possibilities suggesting it has been drifting in interstellar space for a long time or may originate from an older stellar system [5] - The comet is expected to come closest to Earth on December 19, at approximately 270 million kilometers away, before it begins to exit the solar system [5]