Group 1 - The article highlights ten significant space discoveries in 2025, including gravitational wave echoes from deep space and extreme high-energy particles traversing the Milky Way [3] - The discoveries address long-standing scientific questions and challenge existing assumptions about the fundamental laws of the universe [3] - Key findings include clues to life's building blocks in asteroid samples, the detection of interstellar comets, and the first observation of coronal mass ejections beyond the Sun [3][5][10] Group 2 - The asteroid Bennu, approximately 525 meters in diameter and 320 million kilometers from Earth, yielded samples containing various salts, ribose, glucose, and organic materials, suggesting that the building blocks of life may originate from space [5] - The comet 3I/ATLAS, entering the solar system at a speed of about 152,000 miles per hour, is the third confirmed interstellar object, with ongoing observations to determine its size and physical properties [7] - The first direct observation of coronal mass ejections from an M dwarf star was achieved, marking a significant milestone in understanding solar phenomena [10] Group 3 - A report identified five known microquasars in the Milky Way as sources of high-energy cosmic rays, confirming the existence of natural "particle engines" [13] - An extreme black hole merger event was reported, creating a new black hole with a mass of approximately 225 solar masses, challenging existing theories about black hole mass ranges [16] - The LIGO observatory captured the clearest gravitational wave signal to date, validating Stephen Hawking's area theorem with a confidence level of 99.999% [19] Group 4 - The KM3NeT detector in the Mediterranean reported the detection of a neutrino with an energy of 220 PeV, setting a new record for neutrino energy [22] - Astronomers measured the distribution of ordinary baryonic matter in the universe, revealing that over three-quarters of it is hidden in diffuse gas between galaxies, addressing the "missing baryon problem" [25] - Recent findings suggest that dark energy, previously thought to be constant, may be weakening, which could necessitate significant revisions to the cosmological standard model [26][27] Group 5 - New-generation telescopes, including the Euclid space telescope and Vera C. Rubin Observatory, have released unprecedented cosmic data, paving the way for a new era of understanding in areas such as asteroid and galaxy evolution, dark matter, and dark energy [30]

此前虽已有多个巡天项目绘制全天图谱，如NASA的广域红外巡天探测器，但无一能像SPHEREx这样同 时捕捉如此丰富的色彩。韦布空间望远镜虽能在更多波长进行光谱分析，其视场范围却仅为SPHEREx 的数千分之一。宽广视野与多色探测的结合，是SPHEREx的独特。 望远镜配备了6个探测器，每个探测器装有特殊设计的滤光片，可捕捉17种渐变色光。6个探测器同时工 作，每次成像即包含102种颜色，因此每张全天图谱实为由102张不同颜色图层构成。 尽管人眼无法直接看见这102种红外颜色，但这些光线在宇宙中普遍存在。SPHEREx探测的每一种颜色 对应特定波长的红外光，分别传递出星系、恒星、行星形成区及其他天体的独特信息。例如在银河系 内，恒星与行星诞生的稠密尘埃云会强烈辐射某些波长的红外光，而在其他波段则几乎不可见。 来源：科技日报 科技日报记者 刘霞 据物理学家组织网近期报道，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）的SPHEREx（宇宙历史、再电离纪元及冰 层探索光谱光度计）空间望远镜经过数月观测，成功绘制出首份覆盖整个天空的102色红外图谱。研究 团队表示，这有助于进一步揭示宇宙大爆炸后数万亿分之一秒内发生的物理过程及其对星 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses the recent observations of the interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS, which has sparked curiosity and speculation since its entry into the solar system this summer, traveling at a speed exceeding 240,000 kilometers per hour [2][3] Group 1: Observations and Findings - NASA has released images from multiple spacecraft, confirming that 3I/ATLAS is a typical comet driven by ordinary physical mechanisms, dismissing theories of it being an alien spacecraft [2] - The closest images were captured by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), showing a blurry white ball composed of dust and ice, with the comet's activity increasing as it approaches the Sun [3] - Data from the James Webb Space Telescope and SPHEREx provided insights into the comet's composition, revealing a significant amount of carbon dioxide and water ice near its nucleus [3] Group 2: Anomalies and Characteristics - Observations indicated unusual phenomena, such as a rapid brightening of the comet as it neared the Sun and the detection of nickel vapor, which is atypical for low-temperature environments [4] - The comet's behavior was reconstructed in three-dimensional space using data from various spacecraft, enhancing the understanding of its characteristics [4] Group 3: Size and Origin - Despite accumulating observations, the exact size of 3I/ATLAS remains uncertain, estimated to be between several hundred meters to a few kilometers in diameter, with its shape obscured by dust [5] - The origin of 3I/ATLAS is challenging to determine, with possibilities suggesting it has been drifting in interstellar space for a long time or may originate from an older stellar system [5] - The comet is expected to come closest to Earth on December 19, at approximately 270 million kilometers away, before it begins to exit the solar system [5]

美国航天局5月1日表示，其最新发射的空间望远镜"SPHEREx"当天正式开启为期两年的巡天任务，每 天将拍摄约3600张图像，绘制全新宇宙三维图谱，帮助人类探索宇宙演变、银河系生命起源等问题。 (新华社) ...