航天科研

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时空对话哈工大航天馆:从“两弹一星”功勋到“揽月九天”后浪
Yang Guang Wang· 2025-10-07 07:29
长征一号运载火箭实物(央广网发 张文 摄) 央广网10月7日消息(记者李雪 见习记者王宛秋 实习记者杨晶茹)在哈尔滨工业大学航天馆名为"卧震苍穹"的室 外展区,长征一号运载火箭等实物静静屹立,以其历史的厚重感迎接着每一位来访者。当记者从这片露天展厅移 步至5500平方米的室内展厅,仿佛跨入了时空隧道,数百件珍贵展品在柔和的灯光下无声讲述。 老专家志愿讲解团成员冯涛在讲述"两弹一星"功勋郭永怀事迹时动情落泪(央广网发 张文 摄) "'两弹一星'的辉煌成就,源于热爱祖国、无私奉献的精神,依靠自力更生、艰苦奋斗的意志,凝聚着大力协同、 勇于登攀的力量。"展厅中,哈工大航天馆、博物馆老专家志愿讲解团成员冯涛向参观者深情讲述。66岁的冯涛已 经从哈工大退休多年,但因为这份精神感召,他依然选择活跃在展馆一线为大家志愿讲解。 展柜中,泛黄的照片与珍贵实物,也在无声地诉说着那段筚路蓝缕的岁月,让航天传统精神与"两弹一星精神"更 加鲜活生动,成为展馆中最厚重的精神基石。 在展示哈工大与中国航天同向同行成果的展区,曾参与航天课题研究的学生讲解员郭镇宇自豪地介绍了由哈工大 参与研制的问天实验舱小机械臂:"它动作精准、无需微调,能够 ...
新华财经早报:10月7日
Xin Hua Cai Jing· 2025-10-07 00:57
·从农业农村部获悉,"十四五"期间我国农村基础设施稳步提升。据了解,"十四五"期间水路电气讯加 快进村入户,新型基础设施加快布局建设。截至2024年底,我国农村公路总里程达464万公里,实现了 全国约3万个乡镇、50多万个建制村全部通硬化路,农村公路等级路比例达97.3%、优良中等路率达 94.8%。(新华社) ·据农业农村部消息,"十四五"期间我国渔业综合生产能力大幅提高,水产品市场供应充足。据对可比 的45家批发市场统计,2024年水产品市场成交量达976.91万吨、成交额达2781.26亿元,比2021年分别增 长2.45%、9.13%。(新华财经) ·据公安部交管局消息,10月7日是国庆中秋假期第七天,预计返程交通流量将大幅增加,特别是环京、 长三角、珠三角、成渝等热点地区城市周边道路返程方向的交通流量将明显增长。截至6日17时,全国 道路交通安全形势总体平稳有序,未接报较大交通事故,未接报大范围、长时间、长距离严重交通拥 堵。(新华社) ·交通运输部6日发布了过去7天全国物流保通保畅运行数据。9月29日-10月5日,民航保障航班13.3万班 (其中货运航班4536班,包括国际货运航班3046班,国内 ...
新华社权威快报|嫦娥六号月壤研究上新:月球背面的月幔有点“冷”
Xin Hua She· 2025-10-06 00:06
海报制作:贾稀荃 10月6日,时值中秋佳节,国家航天局和国家原子能机构联合发布嫦娥六号月球背面样品研究最新成 果。我国科学家首次基于嫦娥六号月球背面样品(月壤)研究发现,月球背面月幔相比月球正面的 更"冷"。 这一发现进一步深化了人类对月球"二分性"现象的认识,为月球正面与月球背面的月幔温度差异提供了 岩石学与地球化学等科学依据,为月球演化和"二分性"特征研究提供了关键科学数据。 该研究结果由中核集团核工业北京地质研究院、北京大学、山东大学共同合作完成,已刊发于国际学术 期刊《自然-地球科学》官网。 记者:宋晨 新华社国内部出品 ...
告别“靠天吃饭”,我国已用上模拟极端宇宙环境的“地面空间站”
Qi Lu Wan Bao· 2025-10-03 14:31
总体技术指标达到国际先进水平,部分关键技术全球领先。作为一个面向全球开放的科研共享平台,截至目前,"空间环境地面模拟装置"已累计为国内外科 研团队提供超过6万小时的实验服务。 该装置能够综合模拟真空、辐照、弱磁等九大类空间环境因素,揭示其对材料、器件、系统及生命体的影响规律,为航天器的高可靠与长寿命运行、航天员 长期太空驻留等提供关键研究支撑。 "地面空间站":铸就叩问苍穹的"金钥匙" 过去,一些航天实验和试验只能"靠天吃饭",等待宇宙射线的偶然到访。如今,凭借这个全球规模最大、模拟因素最多、功能最全的空间环境效应研究平 台,我国科学家就可以将极端宇宙环境"搬"回地球,铸就一把自主叩问苍穹的"金钥匙"。 0:00 / 2:44 走进这座独特的零磁空间实验室,科研人员正利用脑磁信号和鸡蛋受精卵、"植物小白鼠"拟南芥等生物样本,系统探索近零磁场对生命活动的影响规律。借 助七层电磁屏蔽结构,这里成功模拟出比外太空还微弱50万倍的极端磁场环境,展现出国际领先的"中国精度"。 你知道被誉为"地面空间站"的空间环境地面模拟装置吗?在黑龙江哈尔滨,有一片面积接近50个足球场大小的区域,这里是我国航天领域首个大科学装置 —— ...
最新研究:NASA在空间生命保障系统研发方面存在关键差距,中国处于领先地位
Guan Cha Zhe Wang· 2025-09-14 01:55
Core Viewpoint - A team of scientists, including NASA researchers, has identified critical gaps in NASA's development of biological life support systems, which may hinder the U.S. in long-term manned space exploration and habitation, especially in competition with China [1][2]. Group 1: Current State of U.S. Space Life Support Systems - The U.S. space life support systems, including those used on the International Space Station, rely on supply missions for essential resources like water and food [1]. - Long-term manned missions beyond Earth's orbit face significant costs and logistical challenges due to reliance on supply launches, alongside safety concerns regarding radiation and microgravity effects on human health [2]. Group 2: Biological Life Support Systems (BLSS) - Biological life support systems (BLSS) are seen as a superior solution for long-term deep space missions, utilizing plants, animals, and microorganisms to create a sustainable closed-loop environment [2]. - The lack of available BLSS technology and systems is currently limiting the goals of manned lunar exploration programs [2]. Group 3: Historical Context and Funding Issues - NASA previously focused on biological regeneration methods in the 1990s, which led to the development of sustainable agricultural systems for space exploration [5]. - A significant shift in focus and budget cuts in 2004 led to the dismantling of the BIO-Plex project, which aimed to test life support systems for future space missions [5][6]. - Since the early 2000s, U.S. support for biological regeneration life support research has weakened, while China has actively supported and advanced this research over the past 20 years [6]. Group 4: Comparison with China's Space Program - China's space agency has made significant strides in developing biological life support systems, exemplified by projects like "Moon Palace 1," which is a closed ecological system for lunar base research [6]. - The collaboration between China and Russia on the International Lunar Research Station project highlights China's advancements in this field, surpassing U.S. efforts [8][9]. - The U.S. space program currently lacks a comprehensive plan to rebuild the capabilities lost since the cancellation of the BIO-Plex project, facing years of challenges to restore necessary infrastructure [9]. Group 5: Future Implications - The ongoing challenges in U.S. space research funding and the division between lunar and Mars project priorities may hinder progress in biological life support systems [11]. - Advancements in biological life support research could also benefit terrestrial applications, such as controlled agriculture and precision medicine, emphasizing the importance of these technologies for sustainable living on Earth [12].
“美国捉襟见肘,再看看中国…”
Guan Cha Zhe Wang· 2025-09-14 01:48
Core Viewpoint - A team of scientists, including NASA researchers, has identified critical gaps in NASA's development of biological life support systems, which may hinder the U.S. in long-term manned space exploration and habitation, especially in competition with China [1][2]. Group 1: Current State of U.S. Space Life Support Systems - The U.S. space life support systems, including those used on the International Space Station, rely on supply missions for essential resources like water and food [1]. - Long-term manned missions beyond Earth's orbit face significant costs and logistical challenges due to reliance on supply launches, alongside safety concerns regarding radiation and microgravity effects on human health [2]. Group 2: Biological Life Support Systems (BLSS) - Biological life support systems (BLSS) are seen as a superior solution for long-term deep space missions, utilizing biological processes to create a sustainable closed-loop environment for food, water, and oxygen [2]. - The lack of available BLSS technology and systems is currently limiting the goals of manned lunar exploration programs [2]. Group 3: Historical Context and Funding Issues - NASA previously focused on biological regeneration methods in the 1990s, which led to the development of sustainable agricultural systems for space exploration [5]. - A significant shift in focus and budget cuts in 2004 led to the dismantling of the BIO-Plex project, which aimed to test life support systems for future space missions [5][6]. - Since the early 2000s, U.S. support for biological regeneration life support research has diminished, while China has actively advanced this area over the past two decades [6]. Group 4: China's Advancements in Space Exploration - China has established a strong position in biological life support technology, exemplified by projects like "Moon Palace 1," which is a closed ecological system for lunar base life support research [6]. - Recent plans from the China National Space Administration (CNSA) indicate that China has surpassed the U.S. and its allies in emerging technologies and capabilities for establishing lunar or Martian habitats [6][9]. Group 5: Future Implications and Challenges - The U.S. space program faces years of challenges in rebuilding the necessary facilities and infrastructure for biological life support systems [9]. - Despite ongoing research in the field, including private sector initiatives and international collaborations, there are concerns about funding and political support for these projects in the U.S. [11][12].
神二十乘组工作日志“上新” 多领域空间科学实(试)验进展顺利
Yang Shi Wang· 2025-09-07 10:49
央视网消息:九月伊始,国家太空实验室内,由陈冬、陈中瑞、王杰组成的神舟二十号航天员乘组承担的各项空间科学实(试) 验正稳步推进。 多领域空间科学实(试)验进展顺利 在航天医学实验领域,乘组使用脑电设备开展了上下视野研究、执行功能训练、探索利用研究等多个项目的实验测试工作。 上周,乘组使用眼动仪等设备及相关测试软件,开展了微重力关系认知、航天人机信任与协同影响等实验相关工作,助力地面科 研人员持续推进微重力环境对关系认知的影响及机制研究,获取长期在轨飞行中航天员对AI助手信任的动态变化规律现象。 三名航天员还进行了血管超声检查。通过获取不同在轨时长下,人体多器官或系统的形态特征、血流动力学参数及功能数据,进 一步探索失重环境下泛血管复杂网络血流谱演变规律。 站内设备维护及在轨健康保障积极开展 上周,乘组按计划完成再生生保系统设备检查维护、无容器柜加压气瓶更换、站内环境监测等工作,并完成舱内清洁维护等日常 工作。 在人因技术研究方面,乘组利用相关设备开展了"长期在轨典型姿态下操作力变化规律研究"项目的在轨测试及数据采集,对比分 析推拉力、旋转力等多种类型操作力天地差异及其在轨变化,进一步探讨引起操作力变化的机制。 ...
现有商用磁铁可助力太空制氧,支持人类更高效开展宇宙探索
Ke Ji Ri Bao· 2025-09-02 01:12
Core Insights - A recent study published in *Nature Chemistry* demonstrates that using commercial magnets can enhance oxygen production in space by up to 240% in microgravity environments, potentially improving oxygen supply for astronauts during space exploration [2] Group 1: Research Findings - The study highlights the need for efficient and lightweight life support systems for space missions, as current systems, like those on the International Space Station, rely on complex mechanical components and consume significant power [2] - The process of electrolysis converts water into breathable oxygen, reducing the need to transport additional fuel and air to spacecraft [2] - In microgravity, the lack of buoyancy makes it difficult for gas bubbles to detach from electrode surfaces, which can limit the production of fuel and air for astronauts [2] Group 2: Proposed Solutions - Previous solutions to bubble detachment included shaking or vibrating devices, which consume extra energy and increase costs [2] - Researchers from Georgia Tech and the University of Bremen simulated a low-gravity environment and demonstrated a simple method to remove bubbles from the electrode surface by incorporating commercial neodymium magnets, enhancing the detachment of oxygen bubbles [2] - The study also includes the design of a proof-of-concept device that can separate bubbles during water decomposition in low gravity, achieving efficiency close to that in Earth environments [3]
神二十乘组:太空实验室各项在轨实(试)验稳步推进
Yang Shi Wang· 2025-08-31 16:50
Group 1 - The Shenzhou-20 crew, consisting of astronauts Chen Dong, Chen Zhongrui, and Wang Jie, has been in space for over 120 days, focusing on various research areas including psychological and behavioral studies of astronauts [1] - In the field of microgravity physical science, the crew conducted high-temperature material experiments, achieving a new record by heating tungsten alloy to over 3100 degrees Celsius, marking the highest heating temperature in international space material science experiments [2] - The crew is also working on extraterrestrial artificial photosynthesis technology, having completed multiple key technology verifications and gathered significant data on physical and chemical reactions in microgravity, which is crucial for developing new in-situ resource utilization technologies [2] Group 2 - In aerospace medicine, the crew performed experiments on fine motor control and trust and collaboration mechanisms, providing valuable data for ground researchers [3] - Ongoing collaboration experiments with flying robots are being conducted, enhancing human-robot cooperation methods [3] - Regular maintenance activities include organizing supplies and cleaning the cabin environment to ensure a comfortable and clean working space [5] Group 3 - Health maintenance activities included eye pressure and fundus examinations, as well as bone density tests, allowing ground researchers to closely monitor the astronauts' health status during their time in space [5]
“小航”再上线→材料“小熔炉”刷新纪录…… | 神二十乘组工作周记亮点多
Yang Shi Wang· 2025-08-31 07:13
Core Insights - The Shenzhou-20 crew, consisting of astronauts Chen Dong, Chen Zhongrui, and Wang Jie, has been in space for over 120 days, focusing on various in-orbit experiments and research activities [1] Group 1: In-Orbit Experiments - The crew is conducting ongoing research on astronaut psychology and behavior, including emotional evaluation technology and emergency decision-making capability assessments, to understand changes in emotional states and decision-making over long durations in space [1] - In the field of space medicine, astronauts are utilizing laptops and testing software to perform experiments on fine motor control, trust, and collaboration mechanisms, with data aiding ground researchers [1] - The collaboration with flying robots continues, with the "Xiao Hang" robot working alongside the astronauts to explore efficient human-robot cooperation methods [3] Group 2: Material Science and Technology - In microgravity physics, the crew has conducted experiments involving high-temperature materials, including changing samples in the high-temperature materials experiment cabinet and maintaining equipment, achieving a new record of over 3100 degrees Celsius for material science experiments in space [5] - In the field of new technologies and applications, astronauts are replacing reactors in extraterrestrial artificial photosynthesis technology experiments, having successfully completed multiple key technology verifications and gathered significant data on physical and chemical reactions in microgravity [7] Group 3: Health and Maintenance - The crew has performed maintenance on life support systems and conducted tests on the -80°C space refrigerator, ensuring the operational integrity of onboard systems [8] - Regular health checks, including eye pressure and bone density tests, have been conducted to monitor the astronauts' health status during their mission [9]