Core Insights - The collaboration between Southwest University of Science and Technology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention has led to a comprehensive review on the epidemiological characteristics, diagnostic prevention technologies, and integrated control strategies for echinococcosis in the Tibetan Plateau [1][2] - The review emphasizes the need for a "One Health" approach that integrates human, animal, and environmental health, leveraging modern technology to advance the precision and intelligence of echinococcosis control [1] Summary by Sections Epidemiology and Disease Characteristics - Echinococcosis, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is a zoonotic disease transmitted from definitive hosts like dogs and foxes to humans and livestock, with over 90% of untreated patients dying within 10-15 years of diagnosis [1] - Approximately 86% of new cases of cystic echinococcosis globally are concentrated in the Tibetan Plateau region of China [1] Advanced Technologies and Methods - The study highlights several advanced technologies for echinococcosis control, including free DNA technology and AI-assisted ultrasound diagnostic techniques, which enhance early disease detection capabilities [1] - Smart collars can monitor canine health in real-time and facilitate regular deworming, effectively breaking the transmission chain of echinococcosis [1] - Environmental DNA technology allows for non-invasive, dynamic monitoring of parasite distribution, providing data support for precise control measures [1] Control Measures and Recommendations - The research calls for strengthened coordination among health, environmental protection, and agricultural departments to accelerate the application of smart monitoring devices and diagnostic technologies in pastoral areas [2] - It emphasizes the importance of raising public health awareness, preventing cross-regional transmission risks, promoting animal vaccination, and establishing environmental risk monitoring systems [2] - Future scientific research should focus on early diagnostic technologies, genomics, and transmission dynamics to reveal the genetic diversity and transmission mechanisms of the parasites [2] - The integration of ecological, climatic, and socio-economic factors into big data models is recommended to inform and guide the development of control strategies [2] - The establishment of remote medical and health education systems, particularly in remote pastoral areas, is crucial, along with the promotion of portable diagnostic tools and improved health management for mobile populations [2]

Core Viewpoint - The application of environmental DNA (eDNA) technology for monitoring the endangered crested ibis in China represents a significant breakthrough, providing a new method for precise and efficient monitoring of this species and potentially other endangered species [1][19]. Group 1: Environmental DNA Technology - The research team from the Shaanxi Provincial Environmental Monitoring Center has successfully implemented eDNA technology to monitor the crested ibis by collecting air samples to detect residual DNA, overcoming the limitations of traditional monitoring methods [1][12]. - The eDNA sampling process involves capturing air samples that may contain particles from the crested ibis, such as feces and feather fragments, allowing for non-invasive monitoring [3][5]. - The team has established a genetic database for the crested ibis by collecting environmental samples and natural shedding materials, which aids in the design of specific primers for targeted monitoring [5][8]. Group 2: Monitoring Process and Results - The monitoring process includes setting up sampling points in key areas such as breeding, foraging, and migratory stopovers, with a systematic approach to ensure representative and scientifically valid samples [12][14]. - The team has successfully detected crested ibis DNA from air samples at 21 out of 22 sampling points, indicating the effectiveness of air as a monitoring medium compared to water and soil [14][15]. - The concentration of crested ibis DNA detected in air samples was approximately 37 DNA sequences per microliter, significantly higher than in soil and water samples, highlighting the advantages of air sampling for this species [14][15]. Group 3: Future Implications and Applications - The integration of eDNA technology into the monitoring framework for the crested ibis is expected to enhance the understanding of its population dynamics and distribution, supporting conservation efforts [19][21]. - This innovative approach not only benefits the crested ibis but also sets a precedent for the monitoring of other endangered species, contributing to broader conservation strategies [21]. - The collaboration of various monitoring methods, including traditional techniques and GPS tracking, is emphasized as essential for achieving comprehensive and effective monitoring of the crested ibis population [20][21].