Core Insights - Horse Powertrain, a new powertrain giant formed by Aurobay and Renault's Horse Technology, aims to provide a practical and efficient transition path for the automotive industry towards carbon neutrality [1] Group 1: Company Overview - Horse Powertrain inherits 125 years of powertrain R&D from Renault and Geely, with 17 production bases and 5 R&D centers globally, employing 19,000 people [2] - The company generates annual revenue of €15 billion and produces over 8 million powertrain products, serving over 130 countries and regions, making it one of the top three powertrain companies worldwide [2] Group 2: Technology and Product Offerings - Horse Powertrain's product line includes hybrid systems, alternative fuel solutions (methanol, ethanol, hydrogen, and synthetic fuels), and range extender systems [3] - The integration of technologies from Renault, Volvo, and Geely allows Horse Powertrain to cover 80% of global market demand, providing complete power solutions for various vehicle sizes [3] Group 3: Strategic Goals and Market Position - The company aims to become a global leader in efficient internal combustion and hybrid powertrains by 2035, focusing on innovation, financial excellence, market share, corporate culture, and customer collaboration [4] - Horse Powertrain's global scale advantages in procurement, R&D, manufacturing, and sales enable it to offer large-scale production solutions and system integration services to OEMs [4]

Core Viewpoint - eVTOL is positioned as a key solution for urban air mobility (UAM) due to its high speed, flexible takeoff and landing, low noise, and low pollution characteristics, addressing urban traffic congestion challenges [2][6]. Group 1: Background and Classification - eVTOL systems are primarily characterized by various configurations such as tilt duct, tilt wing, tilt rotor, multi-tilt rotor, quadrotor, side-by-side, single rotor, and lift-plus-cruise designs [2]. - The performance of eVTOL's power systems is highly temperature-sensitive, necessitating effective thermal management systems (TMS) to ensure operational efficiency and safety [4][10]. Group 2: Research Findings - A recent review by a team from Beijing Institute of Technology highlights the latest thermal management technologies for eVTOL, focusing on system architecture, key components, and emerging technologies [6][7]. - The review identifies existing challenges in thermal management and suggests future research directions to enhance system performance [6][9]. Group 3: Thermal Management Challenges - eVTOL faces significant thermal management challenges compared to traditional fuel-powered aircraft and electric vehicles (EVs), primarily due to the absence of conventional heat dissipation methods and the integration of more temperature-sensitive components [10][12]. - The review emphasizes the need for innovative cooling solutions, such as pumped two-phase cooling and microchannel heat sinks, to address the unique operational demands of eVTOL [10][12]. Group 4: Battery Thermal Management Systems (BTMS) - Various cooling methods for eVTOL battery thermal management systems are evaluated, including air cooling, liquid cooling, and phase change materials, each with specific advantages under different operational conditions [15]. - Liquid cooling is currently the mainstream technology, but it requires optimization for efficiency, weight, and energy consumption [15]. Group 5: Power Electronics and Motor Cooling - Traditional cooling methods for power electronics in eVTOL include air and liquid cooling, with air cooling being suitable for integrated systems, while liquid cooling offers superior thermal performance but comes with additional complexity [18][19]. - Motor cooling technologies are also explored, highlighting the trade-offs between air cooling simplicity and liquid cooling efficiency, with emerging oil cooling methods presenting both advantages and challenges [19]. Group 6: Predictive Thermal Management (PTM) - PTM technology shows promise for improving energy efficiency and operational performance, but its implementation complexity is influenced by various dynamic factors [21][23]. - eVTOL's operational advantages, such as fixed task profiles and controlled environments, may simplify PTM implementation compared to electric vehicles [23]. Group 7: Future Research Directions - Recommendations for future research include quantitative comparisons of cooling needs across subsystems, establishing energy consumption metrics for thermal management systems, and exploring integrated cooling solutions for the entire eVTOL system [24]. - The development of next-generation thermal management systems with higher performance components and smarter temperature control strategies is essential for the scalable application of eVTOL technology [24].