随着年龄增长，骨质疏松症成为困扰许多老年人的健康问题。但在骨骼保健方面，不少老年人存在 认知误区，导致补钙效果不佳，甚至加重骨骼负担。10月20日是世界骨质疏松日。多位医学专家提示， 中老年人应避开三大误区，调整生活方式，学会科学护骨。 误区一：不骨折，就"没毛病" 骨质疏松症，是一种以骨量低下、骨组织微结构损坏，导致骨脆性增加，易发生骨折为特征的全身 性骨病，在国际上也被称为一种"静悄悄的疾病"。 全国骨质疏松症流行病学调查数据显示，我国50岁以上人群骨质疏松症的患病率为19.2%，其中女 性为32.1%，男性为6.0%；65岁以上人群骨质疏松症患病率为32.0%，其中女性为51.6%，男性为 10.7%。 北京医院骨科副主任 王强 表示，50岁以后低骨量率和骨质疏松症患病率增高，主要与年龄增大导 致的性激素水平下降密切相关。很多骨质疏松症患者早期可能没有症状，待病情发展到一定阶段，就会 出现腰背疼痛、身高变矮、驼背等症状。 "我每天喝骨头汤、吃钙片，怎么还是骨质疏松？"68岁的王女士体检时发现骨密度偏低，十分困 惑。 北京大学第一医院院长助理、骨科常务副主任孙浩林介绍，骨头汤补钙是常见误区，即使长时间熬 ...

Core Insights - Osteoporosis is a silent condition where bone loss exceeds bone formation, leading to increased fracture risk, particularly hip fractures which have a mortality rate exceeding 20% within a year after occurrence [1][8] Group 1: Early Signs of Osteoporosis - **Sign 1: Unexplained Back Pain and Height Loss** Persistent back pain and noticeable height reduction (over 3 cm) can indicate vertebral compression fractures due to bone loss [3][4] - **Sign 2: Loose Teeth and Alveolar Bone Loss** Weakening of the alveolar bone can lead to loose teeth and gum recession, signaling potential systemic bone density issues [4] - **Sign 3: Fragile Bones** Fragile fractures occurring from minimal trauma, known as "fragility fractures," are a direct consequence of osteoporosis [6][8] - **Sign 4: Muscle Weakness and Cramps** Osteoporosis often accompanies sarcopenia, leading to decreased muscle strength and increased fall risk [9] - **Sign 5: Brittle Nails** Changes in nail health, such as increased brittleness, may reflect underlying calcium and collagen loss [10] Group 2: Prevention and Management Strategies - **Nutrition** Adequate calcium intake is crucial, with recommendations of 1000 mg daily for adults and 1200 mg for older adults. Foods rich in calcium include dairy products, tofu, and leafy greens [13] Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption, with a daily requirement of 800-1000 IU [14] Sufficient protein intake is necessary for bone matrix formation, with recommendations of 1.0-1.2 g/kg body weight [15] - **Exercise** Weight-bearing exercises, such as brisk walking, are recommended to stimulate bone strength. Resistance training and balance exercises are also critical for preventing falls [17][18][20] - **Lifestyle Modifications** Avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, as well as reducing caffeine and carbonated drink intake, can help maintain bone health [24][25][26] Ensuring a safe living environment to prevent falls is also essential [27]