56岁的赵女士近日去医院进行骨密度检查，不料结果提示她患有骨质疏松症。赵女士感到十分困 惑："我天天都吃钙片，怎么还会得骨质疏松呢？" 赵女士的情况并非个例——许多人长期补钙，却依然被骨质疏松困扰。针对这一现象，北京大学第一医 院内分泌内科主任医师姚军作出解读。 骨质疏松症只是"缺钙"吗？ 记者：什么是骨质疏松症？它是"缺钙"那么简单吗？目前骨质疏松症在我国的发病情况如何？主要影响 哪些人群？ 姚军：老百姓存在一个挺大的误区——很多人一提到骨质疏松就认为是"缺钙"，其实并非如此。 骨质疏松是由于骨矿含量与骨质量下降，共同导致骨骼的强度降低、脆性增加，从而使骨折风险升高的 全身性骨骼疾病。 (2)影响骨代谢的疾病，包括性腺功能减退症、糖尿病、甲状腺功能亢进症等多种内分泌系统疾病；风 湿免疫性疾病、胃肠道疾病、血液系统疾病、神经肌肉疾病、慢性肝肾疾病及心肺疾病等。 (3)影响骨代谢的药物，包括糖皮质激素、质子泵抑制剂、抗癫痫药物、芳香化酶抑制剂、促性腺激素 释放激素类似物、抗病毒药物、噻唑烷二酮类药物和过量甲状腺激素等。 补钙为何必须搭配维生素D？ 记者：生活中，有人天天补钙，为什么还会得骨质疏松？ 我们可以用盖 ...

人民日报海外版记者 王美华 56岁的赵女士近日去医院进行骨密度检查，不料结果提示她患有骨质疏松症。赵女士感到十分困 惑："我天天都吃钙片，怎么还会得骨质疏松呢？" 赵女士的情况并非个例——许多人长期补钙，却依然被骨质疏松困扰。针对这一现象，北京大学第一医 院内分泌内科主任医师姚军作出解读。 骨质疏松症只是"缺钙"吗？ 记者：有哪些关键的危险因素会加速骨质疏松的发生？ 姚军：骨质疏松症危险因素可分为不可控因素和可控因素。 不可控因素包括年龄增长、女性绝经、脆性骨折家族史等。 可控因素主要包括以下几类： 记者：什么是骨质疏松症？它是"缺钙"那么简单吗？目前骨质疏松症在我国的发病情况如何？主要影响 哪些人群？ （1）不健康生活方式，包括体力活动少、阳光照射不足、吸烟、过量饮酒、钙和/或维生素D缺乏、过 量饮用含咖啡因的饮料、营养失衡、蛋白质摄入过多或不足、高钠饮食、体质量过低等。 姚军：老百姓存在一个挺大的误区——很多人一提到骨质疏松就认为是"缺钙"，其实并非如此。 骨质疏松是由于骨矿含量与骨质量下降，共同导致骨骼的强度降低、脆性增加，从而使骨折风险升高的 全身性骨骼疾病。 （2）影响骨代谢的疾病，包括性腺功能减退 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of maintaining bone health, particularly in individuals aged 30-35 and older, to prevent conditions like osteoporosis and associated fracture risks. It highlights the prevalence of low bone mass in the population and suggests a three-step strategy for bone health management. Group 1: Prevalence and Risks - The peak bone mass is reached in youth, and after age 30-35, there is a gradual decline leading to low bone mass, which can progress to osteoporosis if not addressed [1] - In China, the prevalence of low bone mass is 40.9% among individuals aged 40 and above, and 47.5% among those aged 60 and above [1] Group 2: Step 1 - Scientific Assessment - Individuals should calculate their BMI using the formula: weight (kg) ÷ height (m)², aiming for a healthy range of 18.5-23.9 for adults aged 18-64 [2] - Weight changes should be monitored, especially in older adults, with specific BMI targets set for different age groups [2] - Regular bone density tests are recommended for those over 40 or with risk factors, using various screening methods to identify low bone mass early [2] Group 3: Step 2 - Nutritional Reinforcement - Adequate calcium intake is crucial, with recommendations of 300-500 ml of dairy products daily, along with increased consumption of soy products and dark green vegetables [3] - Vitamin D supplementation is advised through outdoor activities and diet, including fatty fish and egg yolks [4] - Sufficient intake of high-quality protein from fish, poultry, eggs, lean meats, and legumes is essential for bone health [5] Group 4: Step 3 - Effective Exercise - Regular physical activity is vital, with a recommendation of at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise weekly, adjusted for older adults [6] - Aerobic exercises such as running, walking, swimming, dancing, and cycling are effective for stimulating bone growth [7] - Strength training exercises, including resistance training with bands or weights, are recommended to enhance muscle strength and protect bones [7]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses common misconceptions about calcium supplementation and bone health, emphasizing the importance of understanding the actual sources and methods for maintaining bone density and preventing osteoporosis [2][4][5]. Misconceptions about Calcium Supplementation - Many believe that consuming bone broth and eating meat or shrimp shells effectively supplements calcium; however, the calcium from animal bones is not easily dissolved in broth, making it an ineffective source [4]. - The article highlights that while meat provides essential nutrients for bone health, its calcium content is generally low, and reliance on meat for calcium is insufficient [4]. - Shrimp shells, although high in calcium, have low absorption rates and are often consumed with high salt, which can lead to increased calcium loss [4]. Impact of Beverages on Bone Health - There is a misconception that coffee and carbonated drinks lead to osteoporosis; however, moderate coffee consumption does not significantly increase the risk of osteoporosis [5][6]. - Phosphorus, found in carbonated drinks, is essential for bone health, and moderate consumption does not adversely affect calcium metabolism [7]. Recommendations for Bone Health - To maintain bone health, the article suggests several strategies: 1. Maintain an appropriate weight through regular monitoring and adjustments to diet and exercise [8]. 2. Ensure balanced nutrition by increasing calcium intake through diet or supplements and getting adequate vitamin D [8]. 3. Engage in a combination of aerobic, strength, and balance exercises to enhance muscle strength and reduce fall risk [8]. 4. Avoid unhealthy habits such as smoking and excessive alcohol, as well as limiting high-sugar beverages [8]. 5. High-risk individuals should undergo early screening for osteoporosis to facilitate timely treatment [8].

Core Viewpoint - Osteoporosis is a significant health issue for the elderly, with many misconceptions leading to inadequate calcium supplementation and increased bone burden. Experts emphasize the need for lifestyle adjustments and scientific approaches to bone health, especially on World Osteoporosis Day, October 20 [1]. Misconceptions Summary Misconception 1: No fractures mean no problems - Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and increased fragility, often referred to as a "silent disease." The prevalence of osteoporosis among individuals over 50 in China is 19.2%, with rates of 32.1% in women and 6.0% in men. For those over 65, the prevalence rises to 32.0%, with 51.6% in women and 10.7% in men [2][4]. Misconception 2: More calcium means stronger bones - Many believe that consuming more calcium, such as through bone broth or supplements, will prevent osteoporosis. However, bone broth has low calcium content, and excessive calcium supplementation can interfere with the absorption of other minerals and lead to health issues like kidney stones and hypercalcemia. The recommended daily calcium intake for individuals over 50 is 1000 mg, with adjustments for those with osteoporosis or on certain medications [5][7]. Misconception 3: Osteoporosis is exclusive to the elderly - Research indicates that peak bone mass is reached around age 30, after which it gradually declines. Therefore, osteoporosis is not solely an elderly issue; maintaining bone health from a young age through a healthy lifestyle is crucial [8]. Recommendations for Bone Health - Experts recommend adequate calcium intake and physical activity during childhood and adolescence to promote bone growth. Adults should maintain healthy habits, limit alcohol and caffeine, and ensure sufficient calcium and vitamin D intake, especially for women during pregnancy and lactation. Annual bone density tests are advised for those over 50, particularly postmenopausal women and men over 65 [11].

Core Insights - Osteoporosis is a significant health issue for the elderly, often misunderstood, leading to inadequate calcium supplementation and increased bone burden [1][2] Misconceptions Summary Misconception 1: No Fractures Means No Problem - Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and increased fragility, often referred to as a "silent disease" [2] - The prevalence of osteoporosis in individuals over 50 in China is 19.2%, with rates of 32.1% in women and 6.0% in men; for those over 65, the rates are 32.0% for women and 10.7% for men [2] Misconception 2: More Calcium Equals Stronger Bones - Common belief that consuming bone broth or calcium supplements will prevent osteoporosis is misleading; bone broth has low calcium content and excessive calcium intake can lead to health issues [3][4] - Recommended daily calcium intake for individuals over 50 is 1000 mg, with adjustments for those with osteoporosis or on certain medications [3] Misconception 3: Osteoporosis is Exclusive to the Elderly - Bone mineral content peaks around age 30 and declines thereafter; early life bone health significantly impacts later osteoporosis risk [5] - Emphasis on the importance of calcium intake and physical activity during childhood and adolescence to promote bone health [5][6] Health Initiatives - The "Healthy China Action (2019-2030)" includes initiatives to strengthen the musculoskeletal system and prevent osteoporosis among the elderly [6] - Increased public health awareness and education on osteoporosis prevention is crucial for improving health literacy among older adults [6]

Group 1 - The term "biodegradable plastics" can mislead consumers into thinking they can be discarded without consequences, while their degradation requires specific conditions that are often not met in natural environments [1][2] - Many biodegradable plastics decompose slowly in natural settings, potentially leading to microplastic pollution, thus emphasizing the need for proper recycling and waste management [2] - A circular economy approach, focusing on reducing plastic use and enhancing recycling, is suggested as a more effective solution to plastic pollution [2] Group 2 - Osteoporosis patients are often advised to limit physical activity to prevent fractures, but appropriate exercise is essential for maintaining bone and muscle health [3] - Regular movement can help prevent the loss of bone density and muscle mass, which are critical for reducing the risk of falls in the elderly [3] - Adequate sunlight exposure is necessary for vitamin D synthesis, which is vital for bone health, highlighting the importance of balanced activity levels [3] Group 3 - The claim that covering oneself with blankets during a fever helps reduce temperature is incorrect; it can actually hinder the body's natural cooling process [4] - Maintaining a comfortable room temperature and staying hydrated are recommended practices during a fever [4] - If fever persists or is accompanied by severe symptoms, seeking medical attention is advised [4] Group 4 - The asteroid "2024 YR4" has a calculated collision probability with Earth of approximately 2%, with its size estimated between 40 to 90 meters [5][6] - The probability of collision has increased from 1% to 2.3% based on ongoing observations, indicating that such probabilities can change rapidly as more data is collected [5][6] - International cooperation has established protocols for monitoring and responding to near-Earth objects, ensuring preparedness for potential threats [6] Group 5 - The belief that wearing glasses worsens nearsightedness is unfounded; nearsightedness progression is linked to eye development and usage habits [7] - Timely use of corrective lenses is crucial for children diagnosed with myopia to prevent further deterioration of vision [7] - Encouraging outdoor activities and proper eye care can help mitigate the progression of nearsightedness [7] Group 6 - The assertion that fish oil can lower blood lipids is oversimplified; while Omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil can help reduce triglycerides, they do not significantly affect cholesterol levels [8][9] - High-purity fish oil is recommended for individuals with elevated triglycerides, but it should not replace statin medications for cholesterol management [10] - The effectiveness of fish oil supplements varies based on their purity and the specific fatty acid content, necessitating careful selection [9][10] Group 7 - The notion that allergy medications should only be taken after symptoms appear is misleading; proactive treatment can be more effective in managing seasonal allergies [11] - Preventive measures, such as using nasal sprays or eye drops before allergy season, can significantly reduce the severity of symptoms [11] - Early intervention is emphasized to improve outcomes for individuals with known allergies [11] Group 8 - The claim that NFC technology in smartphones is insecure and can lead to unauthorized transactions is incorrect; NFC requires close proximity and user authentication to function [12][13] - NFC technology operates similarly to RFID, allowing secure data exchange within a limited range, enhancing its safety for mobile payments [12][13] - Concerns about unauthorized transactions are more related to user behavior and security practices than the technology itself [14]