Core Viewpoint - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to scientists John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, and John M. Martinis for their discovery of macroscopic quantum tunneling effects and energy quantization in circuits, highlighting the ongoing significance and practical value of quantum mechanics in digital technology [1][2][4][6]. Group 1: Award Significance - The Nobel Prize this year amounts to 11 million Swedish Krona (approximately 8.35 million RMB), shared among the three winners [9]. - The work of the laureates lays the foundation for the development of next-generation quantum technologies, including quantum cryptography, quantum computers, and quantum sensors [6][50]. Group 2: Experimental Findings - The laureates demonstrated that the strange properties of the quantum world can manifest in systems large enough to be held in hand, specifically through superconducting circuits that allow for tunneling between states [10][11]. - Their experiments showed that charged particles in superconductors can act synchronously, akin to a single particle, and can tunnel through barriers, which is a fundamental quantum phenomenon [17][40]. Group 3: Historical Context - The research conducted by Clarke, Devoret, and Martinis builds on decades of theoretical concepts and experimental tools, with significant contributions to understanding quantum tunneling as a necessary condition for certain types of nuclear decay [19][20]. - Their work involved a series of experiments conducted at the University of California, Berkeley, during 1984-1985, focusing on the behavior of Cooper pairs in superconductors [15][30]. Group 4: Implications for Quantum Technology - The findings have opened new possibilities for utilizing macroscopic quantum states in experiments, likening them to large-scale artificial atoms that can be integrated into new testing devices or emerging quantum technologies [47][48]. - Superconducting circuits are currently one of the leading technological pathways for exploring the construction of future quantum computers [49].

Core Points - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, and John M. Martinis for their discovery of macroscopic quantum tunneling and energy quantization in circuits [1][5] - The prize money of 11 million Swedish Krona (approximately 8.36 million RMB) will be equally distributed among the winners [1] Group 1: Awardees Background - John Clarke, born in 1942 in Cambridge, UK, is a professor at the University of California, Berkeley [4] - Michel H. Devoret, born in 1953 in Paris, France, is a professor at Yale University and the University of California, Santa Barbara [4] - John M. Martinis, born in 1958, is also a professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara [4] Group 2: Research Significance - The awardees conducted experiments on circuits that revealed the role of quantum physics, addressing a significant question in physics regarding the maximum size of systems exhibiting quantum effects [5] - Their experiments demonstrated that quantum mechanical properties can manifest at a macroscopic scale, using superconducting circuits to show quantum tunneling and quantized energy levels [5][6] - The findings have implications for the development of next-generation quantum technologies, including quantum cryptography, quantum computers, and quantum sensors [6]