编者按：当地时间2025年7月11日，在法国巴黎召开的联合国教科文组织第四十七届世界遗产大会通过 决议，将"西夏陵"列入《世界遗产名录》。至此，中国世界遗产总数达到60项。 西夏陵是中国西北地区11至13世纪由党项族建立的西夏王朝的陵墓遗址群，坐落于贺兰山山脉南段东 麓。它的存在为中华文明多元一体格局和统一的多民族国家形成过程提供重要见证。 行走在苍茫辽阔的贺兰山下，西夏陵陵塔映照在阳光之中。放眼望去，四边的角台，两边的门阙、碑 亭，月城、陵城勾勒出陵区的布局。西夏陵背山面水，西北傍高山，东眺银川与黄河，各座帝陵的空间 轴线都与贺兰山的某个山峦顶峰相关联，借山势衬托出恢宏的气势。 实证： 中华文明多元一体格局形成 西夏陵遗址分布范围近40平方公里，包含9座西夏帝陵、271座陪葬墓、5.03公顷北端建筑遗址和32处防 洪工程遗址等4种类型的建筑遗址及陵区各类出土文物。 国家文物局文物古迹司（世界文化遗产司）司长邓超说，西夏陵是留存至今规模最大、等级最高、保存 完整的西夏王朝考古遗存，对我国历史上党项族创立并延续近200年的西夏王朝具有不可替代的见证作 用，实证中华文明多元一体格局和统一的多民族国家形成过程。 西 ...

Core Points - The core viewpoint of the article is the successful inclusion of the Western Xia Tombs in the UNESCO World Heritage List, bringing China's total number of World Heritage sites to 60 [1][28]. Group 1: Heritage Significance - The Western Xia Tombs consist of 4 major constructed elements, including 9 imperial tombs, 271 accompanying graves, and 32 flood control relics, along with a large architectural site related to sacrificial activities [4]. - The site covers an area of 38.99 square kilometers, making it the largest, highest-grade, and best-preserved relic of Western Xia culture [4][9]. - The Western Xia Tombs provide irreplaceable evidence of the Western Xia dynasty, which lasted nearly 200 years, and its role as a hub on the Silk Road during the 11th to 13th centuries [4][7]. Group 2: Archaeological Findings - The site has yielded over 7,000 movable cultural relics, which are crucial for understanding the value of the Western Xia Tombs [15]. - Notable artifacts include a gilded bronze bull weighing 188 kilograms, showcasing advanced casting techniques and reflecting the cultural exchange between nomadic and agricultural societies [17]. - The museum also displays a rare gold headdress weighing over 200 grams, decorated with lotus petal and linked bead patterns, indicating strong influences from Central Plains culture [19]. Group 3: Cultural Insights - The Western Xia script, derived from Chinese characters, is complex and difficult to read, with over 5,800 meaningful characters identified, used during the Western Xia dynasty's rule [25][27]. - The artifacts and inscriptions found at the site provide direct evidence of the political, military, and cultural history of the Western Xia dynasty [23].

当地时间7月11日 在法国巴黎举行的世界遗产大会上 "西夏陵"脱颖而出 成为中国第60项世界遗产 这也是宁夏首个世界文化遗产 西夏始建于公元1038年 存续至公元1227年 与两宋、辽、金等并立 都城设在兴庆府，即今宁夏银川 其地处农牧交错地带 境内多民族共存 鼎盛时疆域规模达115万平方公里 曾控制河西走廊 20世纪70年代 西夏陵首次进入考古学界视野 神秘面纱被逐渐揭开 西夏陵坐落在贺兰山洪积扇戈壁滩上 是西夏皇家陵园 由9座帝陵、271座陪葬墓 5.03公顷的北端建筑遗址 和32处防洪工程遗址组成 占地近40平方公里 与贺兰山势交相辉映 西夏陵出土7100余件馆藏文物 包括各类建筑构件、石碑、陶瓷器 马具、钱币、泥塑和壁画残块等 其中以建筑构件最多 从出土文物中 可推想西夏陵昔日的璀璨 窥见西夏的浩瀚历史 是古代建筑中正脊两端的装饰构件 这件绿釉鸱吻 出土于西夏陵6号陵西碑亭遗址 形体高大、威猛雄壮 与唐、辽、金各代鸱吻相比 西夏鸱吻分为上下两部分 下面头部几占整体的二分之一 口、眼、鼻、角雕刻生动 上面尾部出鳍向外翻卷 反映了西夏对唐宋鸱吻形制的继承与创新 同时也体现了西夏高超的琉璃烧造工艺 01:0 ...

Core Viewpoint - The excavation of the Xixia Tombs provides significant insights into the history, culture, and art of the Xixia Dynasty, showcasing the integration of various aspects of Chinese civilization over nearly two centuries [4][5]. Group 1: Archaeological Significance - The Xixia Tombs are the largest, highest-grade, and best-preserved cultural relics of the Xixia civilization, confirmed through systematic archaeological investigations from 1972 to 1977 [5][6]. - The tombs' location utilizes natural geographical features, with a south-east orientation and strategic positioning against the Helan Mountains, enhancing their grandeur [5][6]. Group 2: Structural Composition - The Xixia Tombs consist of both above-ground and underground components, with the underground sections suffering significant damage, while only the 6th tomb has been partially excavated [6]. - The layout of the tombs reflects a blend of Tang and Song architectural characteristics, with unique features such as the Moon City and the arrangement of stone statues along the spirit path [6][7]. Group 3: Artifacts and Cultural Exchange - Excavated artifacts include ceramics, glass, and stone components, showcasing innovative craftsmanship that rivals that of the Central Plains, particularly in the production of glazed components [7][8]. - The discovery of burial items such as coins, silk, and jewelry indicates active trade and cultural exchanges along the Silk Road, highlighting the Xixia's role as a hub for cross-regional interactions [8]. Group 4: Historical Context - The Xixia Tombs provide crucial evidence of the Xixia civilization, contributing to the understanding of the formation and development of a unified multi-ethnic Chinese state [8].

今天是全国防灾减灾日 三个看点带你认识 古建筑屋顶上的"守护神" 灰陶鸱（chī）吻 整体造型为龙头鱼尾 神态非常威猛 龙口大张，獠牙外露，眉目突起 两侧各有一圆孔 鱼尾双叉呈人字形，饰有鳞纹 鱼尾背部饰有鱼鳍纹 为何鸱吻能高立于屋顶之上？ 只因它是古建筑的"守护神" 而且"身兼数职"哦 可以防火、避雷、防水 ①屋顶"消防员" 鸱吻龙口大张，可不是用来干饭的 而是用来"吞火"的 传说，鸱吻是龙生九子之一 喜欢在险要处东张西望 还爱好大口吞火 中国古建筑大多是易燃的木质结构 防火十分重要 因此，古人将它的形象放在屋顶上 让它登高望远、"吞火防灾" 01 古建筑屋顶上的神兽 竟是可以防灾的"守护神" 在我国古代建筑的屋脊两端 经常能分别看到一只威猛的神兽 它就是鸱（chī）吻 这件气势满满的灰陶鸱吻 来自于西夏建筑的屋顶 ②初代"避雷针" 当遇到雷电天气时 高出屋脊的鸱吻可以率先接触电流 再通过"自爆式牺牲"的方式中和电流 避免电荷骤然积聚引发爆燃 从而起到一定的"避雷针"作用 保住整座古建筑 ③构思巧妙的"防水"设计 中国古代传统屋脊建筑样式中 共有五条脊 分别是屋顶上横着的一根"正脊" 和垂下来的四根"垂脊" ...

"妈妈快看，这里有好多花呀！"走进隧道窑艺术长廊，小朋友拉着妈妈的手向前跑，这里举办的一场 以"花漾奇趣，灵感绽放"为主题的文创市集吸引游客驻足。各式各样的琉璃展品和五颜六色的鲜花相映 成趣，几十家商户带来的文创产品都和花元素相关，花器、花卉产品、花卉餐饮等琳琅满目。鲜花咖啡 车最有拍照氛围感，车前手捧咖啡自拍成为游客照"标配"。 在市集上买到了心仪的玫瑰香氛和樱花咖啡，研学中心里给龙纹瓦当纹样的摆件上釉，在园区多个盖章 处集齐琉璃和鲜花元素的多枚印章，从丰台区专程来园区遛娃的窦女士玩得很尽兴。刚满三岁的小朋友 对琉璃瓦着了迷，反复逛了好几遍老窑遗址，看到草坪上的琉璃瓦摆件也兴奋地让大人帮着拍照。 转自：北京日报客户端 "五一"假期，位于永定河畔、西山脚下的门头沟区琉璃渠村成为热门打卡地，不少游客来到村里的金隅 琉璃文创园参与"春日赏花局"特色活动，享受满满的假期松弛感。 一路驱车驶向京西琉璃渠村，目光所及不仅有湖光山色还有多彩釉色。还没到11时，村口前的车辆排起 了长龙，多数人都是全家出游，带娃和遛狗的游客占了多数。迈进园区，流光溢彩的琉璃瓦展品随处可 见，游客仿佛置身一座活态的琉璃博物馆。入口处的琉璃龙凤 ...