转自：中国科学报 宁夏中卫，距离市区15公里处，沙山连绵起伏，绿洲点缀其间，一条蜿蜒的铁轨穿沙而过。这便是见证 了中国治沙奇迹的包兰铁路。 在铁路南侧有一座安静的院落，这里是中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院宁夏沙坡头沙漠生态系统国 家野外科学观测研究站（以下简称沙坡头站）。 "这里为何有一个科研站？它与旁边的铁路有关吗？"初见此景的人常心生疑问。今年10月，《中国科学 报》记者走进这座历经70年风雪的野外台站，随着采访的深入，沙海中的历史故事也逐渐清晰丰满。 从民房到台站：在沙山里拓荒 走进沙坡头站，最先看到的是一栋两层的小楼，沙坡头站站长张志山就住在楼里。他的房间有里外两 间，外间是办公室，里间是他的卧室，家具不多，甚至略显简陋。每次有来访者感叹站上生活条件有限 时，他总会笑着说："这可是20世纪70年代末给外国专家盖的'洋楼'。" 谈起沙坡头站的建站历史，张志山总会从1955年说起：那时，还没有沙坡头站，寸草不生的沙山上也没 有景区、游客和娱乐设施。 1955年，中国第一条沙漠铁路——包兰铁路正在建设中。建设团队发现，频繁、强烈、多变的沙害，让 铁路随时会被风沙掩埋。为此，铁道科学研究院、铁道部西北设计分 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights China's unique ecological governance model, particularly the innovative "wheat straw grid" method for desertification control in the Tengger Desert, showcasing effective practices and contributions to global desertification management [1][2]. Group 1: Ecological Governance Practices - The "wheat straw grid" method, developed in the 1950s, has been implemented over 430,000 acres in the Tengger Desert, significantly reversing desertification and promoting the growth of over 100 million desert plants [5][6]. - The method involves creating square grids of wheat straw to stabilize sand, reduce wind speed, and promote the formation of biological soil crust, which enhances plant growth [3][6]. - The Tengger Desert has seen a retreat of 25 kilometers due to these efforts, with a protective system established along the Baolan Railway, consisting of wheat straw grids and vegetation [5][6]. Group 2: Technological Advancements - Recent advancements in technology have led to the mechanization and automation of the wheat straw grid method, increasing efficiency by over 60% and extending the lifespan of the grids from 2 years to 5-6 years [6][7]. - The introduction of new equipment, such as multifunctional sand-fixing vehicles and drones, has improved the maintenance and implementation of the wheat straw grids [6]. Group 3: Economic and Tourism Development - The ecological restoration efforts have transformed the Tengger Desert from an ecological burden into a unique tourism resource, attracting significant visitor numbers and generating substantial revenue [8]. - In 2024, the Shapotou Scenic Area received 1.46 million visitors, resulting in a total tourism revenue of 428 million yuan, demonstrating the economic potential of integrating ecological restoration with tourism [8].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights China's unique ecological governance model, particularly the innovative "wheat straw grid" method for desertification control in the Tengger Desert, showcasing successful practices in integrated ecological protection and management [1][2]. Group 1: Ecological Governance Practices - The "wheat straw grid" method, developed in the 1950s, has been instrumental in stabilizing sand and preventing desertification in the Tengger Desert, covering over 430,000 acres in Ningxia [2][4]. - The method involves creating square grids of wheat straw to trap sand, reduce wind speed, and promote the growth of vegetation, effectively reversing desertification by 25 kilometers [4][5]. Group 2: Technological Advancements - Recent advancements in technology have accelerated the formation of biological soil crusts, reducing the natural process time from approximately 10 years to about 1 year [5]. - The introduction of mechanized and automated methods, such as the use of multifunctional sand-fixing vehicles and drones, has increased efficiency in the application of the wheat straw grids by over 60% [5][6]. Group 3: Economic and Environmental Impact - The successful implementation of the wheat straw grid method has transformed the Tengger Desert from an ecological burden into a tourist attraction, with the region receiving 1.46 million visitors and generating a total tourism revenue of 428 million yuan in 2024 [7]. - The biodiversity in the area has significantly increased, with the number of plant species rising from fewer than 25 in the 1950s to over 450 today, enhancing the ecological landscape [7].

Core Insights - The article highlights China's unique ecological governance model, particularly the innovative "straw grid" method for desertification control in the Tengger Desert, showcasing China's wisdom and solutions in ecological management [1][2]. Group 1: Ecological Governance Practices - The "straw grid" method, developed in the 1950s, involves laying straw in square patterns to stabilize sand, effectively reducing wind erosion and promoting vegetation growth [2][3]. - Over 430,000 acres of straw grids have been established in the Tengger Desert, contributing to the reversal of desertification and the growth of over 100 million sand-resistant plants [3][5]. - The successful implementation of this method has transformed the Tengger Desert from a severely sandstorm-affected area to a region with a protective ecological barrier for infrastructure like the Baolan Railway [3][6]. Group 2: Technological Advancements - Recent advancements in technology have accelerated the formation of biological soil crusts, reducing the natural process from approximately 10 years to about 1 year [5]. - The introduction of mechanized and automated methods, such as the use of multi-functional sand-fixing vehicles and drones, has increased efficiency in establishing straw grids by over 60% [5][6]. Group 3: Economic and Tourism Development - The ecological restoration efforts have transformed the Tengger Desert into a tourist attraction, with the Shapotou Scenic Area receiving 1.46 million visitors and generating a total tourism revenue of 428 million yuan in 2024 [7]. - The integration of agriculture, culture, and tourism has turned the desert from an ecological burden into a valuable tourism resource, showcasing the successful application of ecological governance [7].