转自：中国科学报 宁夏中卫，距离市区15公里处，沙山连绵起伏，绿洲点缀其间，一条蜿蜒的铁轨穿沙而过。这便是见证 了中国治沙奇迹的包兰铁路。 在铁路南侧有一座安静的院落，这里是中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院宁夏沙坡头沙漠生态系统国 家野外科学观测研究站（以下简称沙坡头站）。 "这里为何有一个科研站？它与旁边的铁路有关吗？"初见此景的人常心生疑问。今年10月，《中国科学 报》记者走进这座历经70年风雪的野外台站，随着采访的深入，沙海中的历史故事也逐渐清晰丰满。 从民房到台站：在沙山里拓荒 走进沙坡头站，最先看到的是一栋两层的小楼，沙坡头站站长张志山就住在楼里。他的房间有里外两 间，外间是办公室，里间是他的卧室，家具不多，甚至略显简陋。每次有来访者感叹站上生活条件有限 时，他总会笑着说："这可是20世纪70年代末给外国专家盖的'洋楼'。" 谈起沙坡头站的建站历史，张志山总会从1955年说起：那时，还没有沙坡头站，寸草不生的沙山上也没 有景区、游客和娱乐设施。 1955年，中国第一条沙漠铁路——包兰铁路正在建设中。建设团队发现，频繁、强烈、多变的沙害，让 铁路随时会被风沙掩埋。为此，铁道科学研究院、铁道部西北设计分 ...

企鹅本不属于美洲狮的常规食物,然而研究人员最近发表报告说,随着生态恢复,南美大陆沿海地区的美洲 狮开始回归,并把当地数量众多、易于捕杀的麦哲伦企鹅作为新的食物来源。研究人员说,这揭示了生态 恢复如何能产生前所未有的生态互动,从而改变捕食者与被捕食者的动态。 新华 ...

研究人员说，这揭示了生态恢复如何能产生前所未有的生态互动，从而改变捕食者与被捕食者的动态。 相关论文已于近日发表在英国《皇家学会生物学分会学报》上。 一个国际研究团队发现，随着阿根廷2004年在巴塔哥尼亚地区建立蒙特莱昂国家公园和捕杀活动的减 少，美洲狮逐渐回归当地，并将这里数量众多的麦哲伦企鹅作为新的食物来源。 研究还发现，美洲狮与企鹅的新互动对美洲狮产生了较大的影响：由于无需长途跋涉去寻找猎物，捕食 企鹅的美洲狮彼此互动更频繁，领地更小，活动范围也更小，而此前美洲狮素来以孤独掠食者形象闻 名；另一方面，调查显示2004年至2017年间当地企鹅群落一直保持稳定甚至略有增长。 本文转自【新华网】； 新华社布宜诺斯艾利斯12月26日电（记者张铎 王钟毅）企鹅本不属于美洲狮的常规食物，然而研究人 员最近发表报告说，随着生态恢复，南美大陆沿海地区的美洲狮开始回归，并把当地数量众多、易于捕 杀的麦哲伦企鹅作为新的食物来源。 在南美大陆最南端的巴塔哥尼亚地区，美洲狮曾因经常捕食沿海牧场的羊群而遭到人类捕杀，种群数量 锐减；而通常筑巢于岛屿的企鹅，由于来自沿海捕食者的威胁减少，越来越多地在大陆海岸线上定居并 形成大型群落 ...

Core Viewpoint - Guangzhou Kunhuan Technology Co., Ltd. has been established with a registered capital of 100,000 RMB, focusing on various sectors including sales, manufacturing, and environmental services [1] Company Summary - The company is involved in sales agency, trade brokerage, and the sale and manufacture of cement products [1] - It also engages in the sale and manufacture of building waterproofing materials and decorative materials [1] - The company specializes in new building materials and their technology promotion and research [1] Environmental Services Summary - The company provides environmental emergency management services and manufactures related technical equipment [1] - It is involved in air pollution control, water pollution management, and soil pollution remediation services [1] - The company offers ecological restoration and protection services, as well as consulting services related to environmental protection and resource recycling [1]

Core Insights - The research team led by Fu Bihong conducted integrated monitoring and field scientific investigation of the Jiuzhaigou World Heritage site, utilizing multiple drones and various payloads for remote sensing and satellite data validation [1][2] - The ecological recovery of the Jiuzhaigou site has shown significant improvement after eight years of natural recovery and artificial management, with infrastructure development being relatively complete [1] Summary by Sections Ecological Recovery - The vegetation coverage in Jiuzhaigou decreased from 83.35% before the earthquake to 79.64% after, but has gradually increased to 80.91% in 2022, 81.68% in 2023, and 82.12% in 2024, indicating a trend of reduced low-coverage areas and increased mid-high coverage [1] - The overall stability of vegetation coverage has improved, reflecting successful ecological restoration efforts [1] Monitoring and Assessment - Since the 7.0 magnitude earthquake on August 8, 2017, the research team and Jiuzhaigou management have utilized multi-platform, multi-temporal, multi-spectral, and multi-dimensional satellite remote sensing data alongside drone surveys for comprehensive monitoring [2] - The monitoring efforts have focused on vegetation coverage changes, ecological recovery status, landslide management, and secondary geological disaster mitigation, providing essential scientific data and spatial information technology support for sustainable development post-earthquake [2]

Core Viewpoint - The ecological restoration of Jiuzhaigou, a UNESCO World Heritage site, has shown significant improvement after the 2017 earthquake, with effective disaster management and recovery efforts reported by scientists using satellite remote sensing and drones [1][2]. Group 1: Ecological Recovery - The monitoring and assessment conducted by the Aerospace Information Research Institute and Jiuzhaigou World Heritage Management Bureau indicate that the ecological landscape of Jiuzhaigou has significantly recovered over eight years [1]. - Vegetation coverage in Jiuzhaigou decreased from 83.35% to 79.64% after the earthquake but has gradually increased, reaching 80.91%, 81.68%, and 82.12% in 2022, 2023, and 2024 respectively [2]. - The proportion of low vegetation coverage areas has significantly decreased, while the proportion of medium to high vegetation coverage areas has increased, indicating a steady recovery of the ecosystem [2]. Group 2: Geological Disaster Management - The research team has been tracking landslides and collapses in the Jiuzhaigou area, finding that high-risk zones have decreased and low-risk zones have increased [2]. - In 2023, the number of landslides and collapses decreased by 65, with a reduction in area by 0.6 square kilometers compared to 2022 [2]. - Some landslide surfaces have begun to regrow vegetation, indicating stabilization by 2024 [2]. Group 3: Ongoing Challenges and Recommendations - Despite the overall positive recovery, there are still potential risks of landslides and debris flows in areas heavily impacted by the earthquake, necessitating continued disaster engineering management and ecological restoration efforts [3]. - Recommendations include enhancing research on the relationship between atmospheric precipitation, snowmelt, and groundwater to address climate change impacts on the landscape [3]. - A comprehensive assessment system that integrates natural and human factors is essential for effective heritage protection, ensuring that human activities do not interfere with natural recovery processes [3].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the significant impact of the Oweinat water well project in Egypt, led by China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), in transforming desert land into arable farmland, thereby contributing to Egypt's economic development and improving the livelihoods of local communities [5][6][10]. Group 1: Project Overview - The Oweinat water well project aims to drill 3,000 wells over five years, covering an irrigation area of 3,000 square kilometers [6]. - As of mid-September 2023, 141 wells have been completed, with 125 wells finished in the first phase, providing irrigation for crops such as wheat, alfalfa, and corn [6][7]. - The project employs approximately 190 Chinese and Egyptian workers, operating 24 hours a day with nine drilling teams [6]. Group 2: Agricultural Impact - The irrigation provided by the water wells has led to significant agricultural productivity, with corn yielding two harvests per year and wheat producing 3 tons per feddan (approximately 4,200 square meters) [7]. - The project has also benefited sugar beet farms in Minya Province, where the water wells support irrigation for 30,000 feddans, resulting in increased yields [7]. Group 3: Community Benefits - The water well project has been described as a "timely rain" for local communities, addressing water scarcity issues and improving living conditions [8]. - Local farmers have expressed gratitude for the stable irrigation sources, which have led to flourishing crops and economic opportunities [8][10]. Group 4: Technical and Operational Challenges - The project faces challenges such as complex desert geology, extreme weather conditions, and logistical issues related to heavy drilling equipment [9]. - CNPC's drilling teams have achieved a remarkable efficiency of drilling one well approximately every seven days, earning recognition from the Egyptian government [9]. Group 5: International Cooperation - The project exemplifies successful international cooperation in addressing food security and ecological restoration challenges [10]. - CNPC aims to further expand cooperation with Egypt in agricultural development and other sectors as bilateral relations deepen [10].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the successful ecological restoration efforts in the Taitema Lake area of Xinjiang, transforming a previously desolate region into a vibrant ecosystem through various environmental management strategies [1][2]. Group 1: Ecological Restoration Efforts - The Taitema Lake area, once a barren salt and alkali land, has been revitalized through a comprehensive ecological water diversion project initiated by the Chinese government in 2001, with a total investment of approximately 10.7 billion RMB [2]. - The vegetation coverage in the lower Tarim River has increased from over 830 square kilometers in 2000 to over 1,790 square kilometers in 2023, with the number of plant species rising from 7 to 26 [4]. - The implementation of a "dual-channel, multi-period, long-duration, small-flow" water diversion model has effectively replenished the fragile ecological areas and groundwater levels [2]. Group 2: Sand Control Initiatives - A "sand control and green protection" project is being executed in the eastern region of Taitema Lake, utilizing an "interval sand control" model that combines grass grids with high vertical sand barriers to mitigate wind damage and stabilize shifting sands [5][7]. - Local residents have reported that the sand control measures have significantly reduced the impact of wind and sand on wetlands and vegetation, leading to an increase in tourism [7]. - The region is exploring a "engineering + biological + sand industry" model for sand control, integrating the cultivation of economic plants like hawthorn and seabuckthorn to achieve both sand control and economic benefits [8][10].

Core Viewpoint - China's ambitious ecological restoration projects have transformed the Loess Plateau, previously one of the most severely degraded areas, leading to a significant return of endangered bird species as a testament to ecological balance restoration [1][2] Group 1: Ecological Restoration Efforts - The Chinese government initiated the "Grain for Green" program at the end of the 20th century to combat desertification and restore ecosystems, resulting in over 30,000 square kilometers of rain-fed farmland being converted to forests or grasslands by 2016 [1] - Vegetation coverage increased by 25% over a decade, with the forest and grassland coverage on the Loess Plateau rising from 31.6% in 1999 to 67% in 2020, marking a historic transformation from barren to green [1] Group 2: Biodiversity and Wildlife Return - The restoration efforts have not only reduced soil erosion but also gradually restored biodiversity, with a significant number of bird species returning to the region, indicating the success of the ecological project [2] - As of 2024, data recorded 2,852 animals representing 69 different species in the area, showcasing the positive impact of artificial reforestation on nesting species and the stabilization of the local ecosystem [2] Group 3: Symbolic Species and Ecological Impact - In October 2023, 40 captive-bred Crested Ibis, a species once on the brink of extinction in China, were released back into the Loess Plateau, symbolizing China's commitment to species conservation [2] - The returning bird populations play a crucial role in stabilizing the plateau's ecosystem by aiding in seed dispersal, which accelerates natural vegetation regeneration [2]