根据该备忘录，中国科学院中-非联合研究中心将在埃及沙漠研究中心设立区域办公室，以加强中国、 埃及和其他北非国家科研机构之间的合作。该办公室还将致力于指导联合培训项目，提升非洲专业人员 能力建设水平等。 埃及沙漠研究中心主任胡沙姆·舒基日前在开罗接受新华社记者采访时表示，中国在旱地绿化和可持续 发展方面的成功实践形成了宝贵经验，埃及寻求借鉴中国经验，深化双方在荒漠化治理、水资源管理和 提高农业生产力等领域的合作。 舒基表示，中国在荒漠化治理方面成效显著，尤其是在塔克拉玛干沙漠治理中取得的成就，为埃及提供 了可效仿的范例。"中国的绿色防护带和大规模生态修复项目是我们学习的榜样。"他说。 位于开罗的埃及沙漠研究中心是埃及农业和土地改良部下属研究机构。据舒基介绍，埃中两国已经在相 关领域展开了科研合作与学术交流。许多埃及研究人员已在中国获得环境、农业和荒漠化防治等领域的 高等学位，成为"连接埃中两国科研机构的桥梁"。 今年9月30日，中国科学院武汉植物园、中国科学院中-非联合研究中心和埃及沙漠研究中心在开罗签署 一项可持续农业合作谅解备忘录，旨在推动相关领域的科学研究、学术交流及经验互鉴。 舒基对埃及水资源短缺问题深 ...

根据该备忘录，中国科学院中-非联合研究中心将在埃及沙漠研究中心设立区域办公室，以加强中 国、埃及和其他北非国家科研机构之间的合作。该办公室还将致力于指导联合培训项目，提升非洲专业 人员能力建设水平等。 谈及新设办公室，舒基表示："该办公室将为非洲伙伴提供培训和宣传项目。"他期待埃中合作成为 其他面临类似生态环境挑战的非洲国家学习的典范。 新华社开罗11月17日电 专访｜中国可持续发展经验为埃及提供宝贵借鉴——访埃及沙漠研究中心 主任胡沙姆·舒基 新华社记者董修竹 姚兵 埃及沙漠研究中心主任胡沙姆·舒基日前在开罗接受新华社记者采访时表示，中国在旱地绿化和可 持续发展方面的成功实践形成了宝贵经验，埃及寻求借鉴中国经验，深化双方在荒漠化治理、水资源管 理和提高农业生产力等领域的合作。 舒基表示，中国在荒漠化治理方面成效显著，尤其是在塔克拉玛干沙漠治理中取得的成就，为埃及 提供了可效仿的范例。"中国的绿色防护带和大规模生态修复项目是我们学习的榜样。"他说。 位于开罗的埃及沙漠研究中心是埃及农业和土地改良部下属研究机构。据舒基介绍，埃中两国已经 在相关领域展开了科研合作与学术交流。许多埃及研究人员已在中国获得环境、农业 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights Saudi Arabia's significant challenge of desertification and its ambitious plan to plant 10 billion trees, alongside China's successful desertification control experiences that serve as a valuable reference for global efforts [1][5][6]. Group 1: Saudi Arabia's Initiatives - Saudi Arabia is implementing a comprehensive plan to combat desertification, which includes planting 10 billion trees and restoring degraded land [1]. - The Jeddah Comprehensive Development Project, constructed by China Harbour Engineering Company, aims to plant over 500,000 trees of 93 species, including Phoenix trees and Ficus microcarpa [1][2]. - The project has established a nursery equipped with an intelligent irrigation system to create an ideal environment for plant growth, effectively reducing high temperatures and maintaining soil moisture [1][4]. Group 2: Technological Innovations - The project team has developed a smart water and fertilizer integration system tailored for local conditions, which has doubled the cultivation efficiency and achieved a survival rate of 95% for over 30,000 cultivated seedlings [4]. - The intelligent irrigation system addresses the high salinity and suspended solids in local water sources, which could harm plant roots if used directly [2][4]. Group 3: International Collaboration - Saudi Arabia's government is deepening cooperation with Chinese green enterprises in desertification prevention, including a strategic partnership with Chinese desertification control companies [5]. - The establishment of the China-Arab International Research Center for Drought, Desertification, and Land Degradation during the Kubuqi International Desert Forum indicates a commitment to further collaboration in combating desertification [5].

Core Points - The "2025 Global Top Ten Engineering Achievements" was recently announced, with the Taklamakan Desert Locking Project included as a significant accomplishment [2] - The project aims to create the world's longest ecological barrier around the desert, effectively controlling sand source expansion and protecting surrounding ecosystems [2] - The construction faced unprecedented challenges due to extreme environmental conditions, leading to innovative strategies for sand control [2] Summary by Category - **Project Overview** - The Taklamakan Desert Locking Project is recognized for its global impact and innovative engineering solutions [2][3] - It is part of a broader list that includes notable projects such as the Perseverance Mars Rover and the South-to-North Water Diversion Project [3] - **Engineering Challenges** - The project site in the Hotan region experiences over 60 days of strong winds annually, with sand dunes moving at rates of up to 100 meters per year [2] - A "three-in-one" comprehensive management strategy was implemented to enhance sand control efficiency and prolong the lifespan of sand barriers [2] - **Environmental Impact** - The project serves as a new model for desertification control and regional sustainable development, protecting oases, farmland, and grasslands [2]

编者按：在人与自然和谐共生的探索实践中，中国人创造了不少独具特色的生态治理模式，展现了 中国智慧，贡献了中国方案。今天起，本版推出"生态治理中的中国智慧"系列报道，聚焦中国在山水林 田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理中的特色做法，分享来自生态治理一线的管用办法。 天刚蒙蒙亮，腾格里沙漠东南缘，治沙人已经忙碌起来。铺草、压锹、定型，茫茫沙海中，一簇簇 麦草被埋入流沙，纵横交错成一方方网格。 今年6月底，随着最后几处麦草方格在沙地稳稳扎根，腾格里沙漠东南缘长约153公里、宽10至38公 里的区域完成固沙锁边，这标志着宁夏境内腾格里沙漠锁边全面完成。 "锁边"，靠的便是"麦草方格"——中国独创的治沙固沙方案。这方寸之间的巧思，稳得住沙、锁得 住水、挡得住风，守护包兰铁路安全通车，更筑起西北地区防风固沙的生态屏障。 一代代治沙人接续奋斗，70年来在腾格里沙漠宁夏境内扎设麦草方格超43万亩 "扎下的麦草腐烂后形成有机质，可以促进微生物和植物生长，在沙漠形成一层表皮土壤，也叫生 物土壤结皮。"唐希明说，有了这层薄薄的生物土壤结皮，就能栽植灌木，逐步改良沙地。 宁夏中卫市，当地治沙人员正用麦草方格固沙。中卫市委宣传部供图 从此， ...

Core Insights - The article highlights China's unique ecological governance model, particularly the innovative "straw grid" method for desertification control in the Tengger Desert, showcasing China's wisdom and solutions in ecological management [1][2]. Group 1: Ecological Governance Practices - The "straw grid" method, developed in the 1950s, involves laying straw in square patterns to stabilize sand, effectively reducing wind erosion and promoting vegetation growth [2][3]. - Over 430,000 acres of straw grids have been established in the Tengger Desert, contributing to the reversal of desertification and the growth of over 100 million sand-resistant plants [3][5]. - The successful implementation of this method has transformed the Tengger Desert from a severely sandstorm-affected area to a region with a protective ecological barrier for infrastructure like the Baolan Railway [3][6]. Group 2: Technological Advancements - Recent advancements in technology have accelerated the formation of biological soil crusts, reducing the natural process from approximately 10 years to about 1 year [5]. - The introduction of mechanized and automated methods, such as the use of multi-functional sand-fixing vehicles and drones, has increased efficiency in establishing straw grids by over 60% [5][6]. Group 3: Economic and Tourism Development - The ecological restoration efforts have transformed the Tengger Desert into a tourist attraction, with the Shapotou Scenic Area receiving 1.46 million visitors and generating a total tourism revenue of 428 million yuan in 2024 [7]. - The integration of agriculture, culture, and tourism has turned the desert from an ecological burden into a valuable tourism resource, showcasing the successful application of ecological governance [7].

Core Insights - The article highlights China's successful desertification control efforts, particularly in the Kubuqi Desert, which has transformed from a "sea of death" to a model for global desert management [4][8]. Technology - The Kubuqi International Desert Forum showcased innovative desertification control techniques, including the construction of protective forest systems and the use of new water-retaining materials [5][6]. - The cost-effective grass grid method for sand fixation was discussed, with potential applications in other countries facing similar desertification challenges [5]. - The development of a new water-retaining material that can convert desert sand into waterproof concrete or landscape sand was presented, emphasizing China's technological advancements in desert management [6]. Benefits - The Kubuqi Desert's governance rate has reached 40%, significantly reducing sediment flow into the Yellow River from over 27 million tons to around 4 million tons [6]. - Local economic development has progressed alongside ecological restoration, with local farmers participating in land transfer and renewable energy projects [6][8]. Cooperation - The Kubuqi International Desert Forum serves as a platform for international cooperation and knowledge exchange in desertification control, with China sharing its successful practices globally [8][9]. - Various countries, including Mongolia and Saudi Arabia, have implemented Chinese desert management techniques, demonstrating the international recognition of China's efforts [8][9].

Core Insights - The 10th Kubuqi International Desert Forum was held in Ordos, Inner Mongolia, focusing on desertification prevention and innovative solutions [1][2] - China has made significant efforts in combating land degradation, with over 10 million kilowatts of photovoltaic capacity established in the "Photovoltaic Great Wall" desertification control area, covering approximately 800,000 acres [2] - China's desertification prevention methods have gained international recognition, with successful implementations in countries like Mongolia and Saudi Arabia [2][3] Group 1 - The forum attracted over 260 representatives from various countries, discussing innovative models for desertification control, including photovoltaic technology and integrated watershed management [1] - The "board on power generation, board under sand control, and grass planting between boards" model in the photovoltaic desertification control base impressed attendees, showcasing effective land restoration techniques [1] - The use of advanced machinery, such as drones and grass grid laying machines, has significantly improved the efficiency of desert vegetation survival rates [1] Group 2 - The Kubuqi International Desert Forum has become a vital platform for international cooperation and knowledge exchange in desertification control, demonstrating China's capability in land restoration [2] - China's "Three-North" project is recognized as a strong practice of international conventions on desertification and climate change, contributing valuable insights and solutions to global desertification challenges [3]

Core Insights - China's desertification and land degradation are experiencing a "double reduction," with a historic shift from "desert advancing and people retreating" to "green advancing and desert retreating" in key governance areas, achieving zero growth in land degradation ahead of global timelines [1] Group 1: Desertification and Land Management - The area of desertified land in China is 257 million hectares, accounting for 27% of the national territory, primarily located in the northwest, northeast, and north China [1] - The area of sandy land has been continuously reduced over four monitoring periods, shifting from an average annual expansion of 340,000 hectares at the end of the 20th century to a current average annual reduction of 670,000 hectares [1] Group 2: Environmental Improvements - The total soil erosion from China's eight major deserts and four sandy areas has decreased by approximately 40% since 2000, with average vegetation coverage reaching 20.22%, an increase of 2.6% compared to a decade ago [1] - The frequency of sandstorm events has decreased by 30% over the past ten years compared to the previous decade [1] Group 3: Economic Impact and Future Goals - Since the 14th Five-Year Plan, the "Three-North" project has completed comprehensive desertification management over an area exceeding 2 million acres, with a goal of achieving zero growth in land degradation by 2030 [1] - The desert regions produce 48 million tons of dry and fresh fruit annually, accounting for about one-quarter of the national total, with an annual total output value of 120 billion yuan, where income from forestry and fruit in key areas constitutes over 50% of farmers' net income [1]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the increasing pollen allergy issues caused by Artemisia plants in northern China, particularly in cities like Hohhot, Beijing, and Taiyuan, and suggests scientific regional management strategies to mitigate these problems [2][3]. Group 1: Pollen Allergy Issues - Many residents in northern China are suffering from pollen allergies, with Hohhot experiencing high levels of allergy risk since September [2]. - The pollen from Artemisia plants, which are prevalent in the region, is identified as a major allergen, particularly during their flowering period in August and September [2][3]. Group 2: Ecological Role of Artemisia - Artemisia plants have historically played a significant role in combating desertification in northern China, with over 60 species present in Inner Mongolia [2][3]. - These plants were crucial in transforming shifting sand dunes into semi-fixed and fixed dunes, preventing the burial of agricultural and residential areas [2][3]. Group 3: Pollen Spread Characteristics - The spread of Artemisia pollen is influenced by plant height, pollen quantity, and weather conditions, with studies indicating that pollen can travel distances of up to 400 kilometers [3]. - Effective management strategies include removing Artemisia plants before they flower and using flowering inhibitors to reduce pollen production [3][4]. Group 4: Long-term Management Strategies - A two-pronged approach is recommended: early removal of Artemisia plants and the use of flowering inhibitors, which have shown to reduce flowering rates by 28.2% to 83.9% [3][4]. - For sustainable management, it is suggested to gradually replace Artemisia with other plants like Haloxylon ammodendron, which have lower pollen production and similar ecological benefits [5]. Group 5: Resource Utilization - The article emphasizes the need for a balanced approach to managing Artemisia, recognizing its ecological contributions while addressing public health concerns [5]. - There is potential for utilizing Artemisia as a biomass resource, despite its low palatability to livestock [5].