日前，第十届库布其国际沙漠论坛在内蒙古鄂尔多斯市举办。来自中国、沙特阿拉伯、蒙古国、巴西等 国家和地区的260余名代表共同探讨荒漠化防治议题，深入库布其沙漠腹地实地考察沙漠北缘锁边林带 建设、光伏治沙、以路治沙、小流域综合治理等创新模式。 联合国粮农组织土地与水资源司副司长诺拉·贝拉穆尼认为，中国的荒漠化防治成为全球典范，中国"三 北"工程是《联合国防治荒漠化公约》《联合国气候变化框架公约》《生物多样性公约》的有力实践， 为全球荒漠化治理贡献中国智慧、提供中国方案。 在达拉特旗光伏治沙基地，"板上发电、板下治沙、板间种草"的立体发展模式让嘉宾们赞叹不已。来自 乌兹别克斯坦的穆拉特巴伊·加尼耶夫蹲在光伏板下，仔细观察板缝斑驳光影中长势旺盛的柠条等沙生 植物，眼中满是惊喜："乌兹别克斯坦的降水量与这里接近，也有很多沙化土地。看到这里治理得如此 好，我想把你们的技术和设备运用到我们的荒漠化治理中。" 据介绍，鄂尔多斯市在"光伏长城"治沙带建成光伏装机规模超1000万千瓦，实现光伏治沙约80万亩。待 在建、已批复光伏项目全部建成，可实现防沙治沙面积超200万亩。"中国在实现土地退化零增长方面付 出了巨大努力，将防沙治 ...

Core Insights - China's desertification and land degradation are experiencing a "double reduction," with a historic shift from "desert advancing and people retreating" to "green advancing and desert retreating" in key governance areas, achieving zero growth in land degradation ahead of global timelines [1] Group 1: Desertification and Land Management - The area of desertified land in China is 257 million hectares, accounting for 27% of the national territory, primarily located in the northwest, northeast, and north China [1] - The area of sandy land has been continuously reduced over four monitoring periods, shifting from an average annual expansion of 340,000 hectares at the end of the 20th century to a current average annual reduction of 670,000 hectares [1] Group 2: Environmental Improvements - The total soil erosion from China's eight major deserts and four sandy areas has decreased by approximately 40% since 2000, with average vegetation coverage reaching 20.22%, an increase of 2.6% compared to a decade ago [1] - The frequency of sandstorm events has decreased by 30% over the past ten years compared to the previous decade [1] Group 3: Economic Impact and Future Goals - Since the 14th Five-Year Plan, the "Three-North" project has completed comprehensive desertification management over an area exceeding 2 million acres, with a goal of achieving zero growth in land degradation by 2030 [1] - The desert regions produce 48 million tons of dry and fresh fruit annually, accounting for about one-quarter of the national total, with an annual total output value of 120 billion yuan, where income from forestry and fruit in key areas constitutes over 50% of farmers' net income [1]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the increasing pollen allergy issues caused by Artemisia plants in northern China, particularly in cities like Hohhot, Beijing, and Taiyuan, and suggests scientific regional management strategies to mitigate these problems [2][3]. Group 1: Pollen Allergy Issues - Many residents in northern China are suffering from pollen allergies, with Hohhot experiencing high levels of allergy risk since September [2]. - The pollen from Artemisia plants, which are prevalent in the region, is identified as a major allergen, particularly during their flowering period in August and September [2][3]. Group 2: Ecological Role of Artemisia - Artemisia plants have historically played a significant role in combating desertification in northern China, with over 60 species present in Inner Mongolia [2][3]. - These plants were crucial in transforming shifting sand dunes into semi-fixed and fixed dunes, preventing the burial of agricultural and residential areas [2][3]. Group 3: Pollen Spread Characteristics - The spread of Artemisia pollen is influenced by plant height, pollen quantity, and weather conditions, with studies indicating that pollen can travel distances of up to 400 kilometers [3]. - Effective management strategies include removing Artemisia plants before they flower and using flowering inhibitors to reduce pollen production [3][4]. Group 4: Long-term Management Strategies - A two-pronged approach is recommended: early removal of Artemisia plants and the use of flowering inhibitors, which have shown to reduce flowering rates by 28.2% to 83.9% [3][4]. - For sustainable management, it is suggested to gradually replace Artemisia with other plants like Haloxylon ammodendron, which have lower pollen production and similar ecological benefits [5]. Group 5: Resource Utilization - The article emphasizes the need for a balanced approach to managing Artemisia, recognizing its ecological contributions while addressing public health concerns [5]. - There is potential for utilizing Artemisia as a biomass resource, despite its low palatability to livestock [5].

Core Viewpoint - The transformation of the Ulan Buh Desert from a "red bull" of sandstorms to a "green Great Wall" showcases successful desertification control and ecological restoration efforts in Inner Mongolia, China [1][2]. Group 1: Desertification Control Efforts - The Baotou City has been combating desertification since the 1950s, implementing a comprehensive approach that includes natural reserves, sand fixation, and protective forest networks [2]. - As of 2024, Baotou has completed desert management over 35.32 million mu, with a core area of 150 kilometers of protective belts covering 24.9 million mu, ultimately forming a 200-kilometer green barrier [2]. Group 2: Economic Development through Ecological Projects - The "photovoltaic + ecological governance" model has been established, with 14.34 million mu of land utilized for this purpose, achieving a solar power installation capacity of 542.7 million kilowatts and an annual electricity generation exceeding 30 billion kWh [4][7]. - The local economy has benefited significantly, with over 4,000 farmers and herders gaining employment and an average annual income increase of 15,000 yuan [4]. Group 3: Agricultural and Medicinal Development - The cultivation of desert plants such as Cistanche and licorice has become economically viable, with the annual gross income from 50 mu of Cistanche reaching over 100,000 yuan [7]. - The area dedicated to Cistanche cultivation has reached nearly 140,000 mu, generating an annual output value exceeding 300 million yuan [7]. Group 4: Tourism Growth - The local tourism industry has flourished, with a 70% increase in visitor numbers compared to 2020 and a revenue growth of 61 million yuan [8]. - The development of five premium tourism routes has attracted visitors to experience the natural beauty and cultural heritage of the region [8].

Core Insights - The article discusses the transformation of desert management in Inner Mongolia, highlighting the construction of the Bayin-Pugebu sand-crossing road as a new approach to ecological restoration and livelihood improvement [1][2]. Group 1: Project Overview - The newly built Bayin-Pugebu sand-crossing road spans 16.81 kilometers, effectively dividing the continuous sand dunes and establishing a governance model characterized by "road delineation, road-based sand control, road advancement, and road-driven economic growth" [1]. - The road serves as a "green artery" for local ecological restoration and improvement of living conditions [1]. Group 2: Ecological and Economic Impact - The road not only enhances transportation but also facilitates ecological projects, such as solar energy initiatives, by providing easier access for equipment transportation [2]. - The local government plans to implement an additional 55 kilometers of "road-based sand control" projects by 2025, building on the 544 kilometers of existing sand-crossing roads that have already contributed to the ecological management of nearly 490,000 acres [5]. Group 3: Historical Context and Future Plans - The model of "road-based sand control" has evolved from decades of experience in desert management, starting with the first sand-crossing road built in 1997 [5]. - By 2030, Inner Mongolia aims to construct or upgrade over 6,300 kilometers of sand-crossing roads, which is expected to facilitate the management of 12 million acres of sandy land [5]. Group 4: Technological Advancements - The success of the "road-based sand control" approach is supported by years of technological development in desertification management, including a comprehensive sand prevention system established during the construction of the Baolan Railway [7][8]. - The ongoing innovation in technology aims to provide replicable and scalable solutions for desertification management both nationally and globally [8].

Group 1 - The seventh China-Arab States Expo opened in Yinchuan, focusing on practical economic cooperation between China and Arab countries, with participation from all 22 Arab countries and 31 Chinese provinces [3] - Mauritania's Ambassador to China, Abdellahi Vellali, praised the Expo's innovation and participation, emphasizing the importance of strengthening trade cooperation between Mauritania and China [3][4] - China announced a 100% zero-tariff policy on products from 53 African countries, which Vellali highlighted as a significant step to enhance trade and economic development for African nations, including Mauritania [3][4] Group 2 - The year 2024 marks the 60th anniversary of diplomatic relations between Mauritania and China, with significant cooperation achieved across various fields [4] - Mauritania actively participates in the Belt and Road Initiative, with multiple cooperation agreements expected to be signed during the Mauritanian President's visit to China in 2024, covering areas such as artificial intelligence, clean energy, and modern agriculture [4] - In 2024, trade between China and Arab countries reached $407.4 billion, a 2.3% increase year-on-year, with China maintaining its position as the largest trading partner of Arab countries [4] Group 3 - Mauritania, with over 80% of its territory covered by desert, has urgent needs in desertification control and development, seeking to learn from China's innovations and achievements in this area [5] - The collaboration between Mauritania and regions like Ningxia and Xinjiang in desertification control is aimed at adopting Chinese wisdom and experience [5] - China's practices in environmental quality improvement and green development provide a replicable model for combating desertification and promoting sustainable development in sub-Saharan Africa [5]

内蒙古横跨"三北"，是全国治理荒漠化的主战场、防御沙尘暴的主防线，"三北"工程攻坚战三大标志性 战役中"两个半"在内蒙古，沙化土地综合治理60%的任务量也在内蒙古。为了打好"三北"工程攻坚战， 农发行内蒙古自治区分行持续加大信贷投放力度，累计投放贷款37亿元支持"三北"工程建设，治沙259 万亩，以政策性金融之力变"沙海"为"绿金"，持续为荒漠化治理贡献农发行智慧和力量。 因地制宜，打造光伏海洋新引擎。在库布其沙漠腹地，成片的光伏板在晨光中泛起蓝色涟漪，广袤沙丘 上铺展出令人震撼的几何画卷。昔日，库布其沙漠曾面临年均2700万吨泥沙入黄的严峻挑战，农发行内 蒙古分行立足风光资源，精准研判"沙戈荒"大基地政策与地方治沙需求，把"三北"工程建设与新能源开 发有机融合、一体推进，2023年至今，累计投放贷款24.15亿元，支持库布其沙漠鄂尔多斯中北部新能 源基地标准地、杭锦旗防沙治沙和风电光伏一体化工程、朔方新能源大基地等项目建设，通过板上发 电、板下种植、板间养殖的立体化生态产业发展模式，锁住库布其沙漠的156万亩流沙。今年以来，农 发行内蒙古分行又审批贷款9亿元，支持防沙治沙和风电光伏一体化工程项目，通过政府主 ...

Group 1 - The core theme of the article is the global concern regarding sandstorms, emphasizing the need for collective efforts to combat sandstorm disasters and protect the environment [1][2] - Sandstorms are caused by climate change, drought, and land degradation, affecting approximately 330 million people worldwide and releasing about 2 billion tons of dust into the atmosphere annually [1] - The economic impact of sandstorms includes billions of dollars in losses due to damage to infrastructure, increased healthcare costs, and disruption of social activities [1] Group 2 - China's "Three-North" project has received international recognition, including the "Global 500" award from the United Nations Environment Programme, highlighting its significant achievements in combating desertification [2] - Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party, China has rehabilitated 36.5 million acres of desertified land and established a protected area of 2.794 million acres, showing a positive trend in ecological improvement [2] - The long-term commitment to combating desertification is emphasized, with a focus on transforming barren lands into green areas, which requires collective efforts from all sectors of society [2]

Core Viewpoint - The Kubuqi model developed in Ordos City, Inner Mongolia, provides a "Chinese solution" for global desertification control through a combination of government policy, enterprise investment, market participation, continuous technological innovation, and open sharing of results [1][2]. Group 1: Desertification Control Achievements - The Kubuqi Desert, covering an area of 2.116 million acres, has seen significant ecological improvement, with over 9 million acres treated, transforming from a state where 61% of the area was shifting sand dunes and vegetation coverage was below 3% to a more sustainable environment [1]. - Since the launch of the "Three North" project, 40% of the desert area has been converted into oasis through various measures including the construction of a 420 km shelterbelt and a 240 km sand path barrier [2]. Group 2: Strategic Implementation - The implementation of the "Three North" project includes a systematic approach to desertification control, with specific strategies for different areas of the Kubuqi Desert, such as creating a locking forest belt in the north and a sand protection area in the west [2]. - The integration of renewable energy projects, particularly solar power, has been a key component, with approximately 3 million acres of desert being utilized for photovoltaic projects, contributing to both ecological restoration and economic development [2]. Group 3: Knowledge Transfer and Global Impact - The desertification control techniques developed in Kubuqi have been successfully replicated in regions such as Xinjiang, Tibet, Qinghai, and Gansu, and are being promoted in countries along the Belt and Road Initiative, including Saudi Arabia and Mongolia [3].

Core Viewpoint - The articles highlight the significant progress made in desertification control and ecological restoration in Alxa League, particularly in the Tengger Desert area, through various innovative methods and projects aimed at combining ecological protection with energy development [1][2][3][4]. Group 1: Desertification Control Efforts - Alxa League has completed desertification control over an area exceeding 12 million acres, with over 3.3 million acres of drought-resistant plants like Haloxylon and Caragana being planted [1]. - The "Three-North" project has been crucial in combating desertification, with local authorities implementing a combination of natural and artificial methods to create a protective green belt spanning 460 kilometers [2]. - In 2024, Alxa League aims to complete 4.7 million acres of desertification control tasks, focusing on collaborative prevention and treatment in border areas [2]. Group 2: Integration of Renewable Energy - The integration of clean energy projects with desertification control is being actively pursued, with a focus on photovoltaic technology to halt the advance of deserts while promoting energy development [3][4]. - The Inner Mongolia Huadian Tengger Clean Energy Base has installed 3.71 million photovoltaic panels, generating an annual average of 1.715 billion kWh, sufficient to meet the electricity needs of approximately 603,700 households [4]. - By 2024, Alxa League has achieved comprehensive management of over 96 million acres of desertified land, increasing forest coverage from 2.96% to 8.42% and grassland vegetation coverage from under 15% to 23.18% [4].