2025 年 07 月 13 日 特朗普发关税函增加贸易不确定 性，中美市场情绪分化 ——全球资产配置每周聚焦 (20250704-20250711) 相关研究 证券分析师 金倩婧 A0230513070004 jinqj@swsresearch.com 冯晓宇 A0230521080005 fengxy2@swsresearch.com 林遵东 A0230524100005 linzd@swsresearch.com 王胜 A0230511060001 wangsheng@swsresearch.com 研究支持 涂锦文 A0230123070009 tujw@swsresearch.com 联系人 涂锦文 (8621)23297818× tujw@swsresearch.com 本研究报告仅通过邮件提供给 中庚基金 使用。1 策 略 研 究 证 券 研 究 报 告 大 类 资 产 配 置 - ⚫ 本周（20250704–20250711）7 月 7 日，美国总统特朗普向日韩及南非等 14 国发送信函，声称要开始 征收"对等关税"。 特朗普称，新关税"十有八九"从 8 月 1 日开始生效。对于将设定的新关税 ...

Exhibit 1: Morgan Stanley forecasts July 7, 2025 05:21 PM GMT Cross-Asset Spotlight | Global M Update Signals, Flows & Key Data A weekly summary of key cross-asset monitors, data, moves, and models tracking sentiment, fund flows, and positioning. Institutional Investor Survey: If you've found our research useful, we'd appreciate your support in the 2025 II Global Fixed Income Poll , especially in USA/EMEA/Asia Cross-Asset Strategy categories. Thank you! Key highlights from last week: | | As of Jul | | Q2 20 ...

最低点和最高点本来就不是用来操作的，而是用来参考和确立趋势的。没有最低点，你怎么知道未来是 上涨；没有最高点，你怎么知道未来是下跌。 ——笔记哥《应对》 债农表示：基本面没法看，资金面不用看，股市不会看。不过，股市波动正好方便交易盘"卷"起来？ 近日"反内卷"还在轰轰烈烈地演绎："恒生科技指数"卷成了"恒生外卖指数"，"反内卷交易"卷成了"硅料 收储"小作文大赛，新发债券"提前1天交易"卷成了"提前1周交易"，并附带精准二级定价服务（30Y国 债：1.86%）。莫非，"反内卷"的尽头是"卷中卷"？ 【今日盘面】 【笔记20250708— "反内卷"的尽头是"卷中卷"（-股市表现强势、逼近3500点+资金面均衡宽松=微上)】 资金面均衡宽松，长债收益率微幅上行。 央行公开市场开展690亿元7天期逆回购操作，今日有1310亿元逆回购到期，净回笼620亿元。 资金面均衡宽松，资金利率平稳，DR001在1.31%附近，DR007在1.46%附近。 | | | | 银行间资金 | (2025. 07.08) | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- ...

Group 1 - The report discusses the short covering strategy in the bond market, specifically how the borrowing balance of individual bonds relative to other bonds of the same maturity can lead to downward pressure on interest rates [2][3][19] - The borrowing balance of a specific bond typically follows a pattern where it starts at zero upon issuance, increases as it becomes an active bond, peaks, and then declines as it transitions to a less active status [19][20] - When the borrowing amount of an active bond is significantly lower than that of a less active bond, and if interest rates decline, short sellers of the less active bond will need to cover their positions, leading to additional buying and compression of the yield spread between the two bonds [3][19][20] Group 2 - The report analyzes the practical application of the short covering strategy on key maturities, including 10Y government bonds, 10Y policy bank bonds, and 30Y government bonds, concluding that the 10Y policy bank bond shows the best results [6][31][40] - The 10Y policy bank bond's active bond (250210) switched on May 27, with the less active bond (250205) showing a borrowing amount of approximately 140 billion, which later equalized around 700 billion, while the yield spread compressed from 4-5 basis points to 1.2 basis points [6][31][40] - The analysis indicates that the 30Y government bond's short covering strategy results are less favorable than the 10Y policy bank bond due to greater sensitivity to yield spread expectations and less significant changes in borrowing amounts [40][41]

市场中每次都有新鲜的故事让你防不胜防，让你琢磨不透。同样一类故事，结果还有可能是不一样的。 所以，想通过总结各类影响因素或事件来预测未来是行不通的。 ——笔记哥《应对》 【笔记20250707— 债农暗地狂卷，债市暗流涌动（-股市微涨+特朗普威胁对金砖国家加征新关税+资金 面均衡宽松=涨跌互现)】 资金面均衡宽松，长债收益率涨跌不一。 央行公开市场开展1065亿元7天期逆回购操作，今日有3315亿元逆回购到期，净回笼2250亿元。 资金面均衡宽松，资金利率平稳，DR001在1.31%附近，DR007在1.47%附近。 -------------------------- 今天的债市，如果只看10Y国债和10Y国开活跃券，那只能说是"一潭死水"（合计成交笔数不足1200 笔，振幅均不足半个BP），但债农暗地狂卷，债市"暗流涌动"：尾盘公布下周一30Y国债发行增量、 20Y国债缩量，于是30Y"怒上"0.35BP、20Y"大下"1.35BP。 昨晚传出"深圳全面解除限购、取消增值税"的小作文，今日利率和商品均未理会，但至少地产股还是挺 捧场。对比之下，特朗普一会儿签署贸易信函、一会儿威胁新加关税，但全球市场抱团交 ...

2025 年 7 月 6 日 总量研究 在 2025 年 1 月 9 日的报告《论 DR007 的属性及其取舍》中我们曾阐释 OMO 逆回购操作具有"工具模式"和"非工具模式"。在"非工具模式"下，货币当 局舍弃对于 OMO 规模的主动调节，OMO 规模不再是中央银行调节流动性的手 段，而是由各一级交易商根据政策利率、自身流动性的需求、对市场的判断决定。 市场竞争的作用使得最终形成的 DR007 中枢会略微高于 7D OMO 利率，此外实 践中 DR001 的中枢略低于 7D OMO 利率。例如，在 2024 年内，DR007 平均高 出 7D OMO 利率 10.4bp，DR001 平均低于 7D OMO 利率 4.5bp。（注：我们判 断 2024 年 OMO 基本处于"非工具模式"，故选取该段时间作为研究窗口。） 当前 DR007 和 DR001 与 7D OMO 之间的利差分别为 2.2bp 和-8.6bp，皆已明 显低于 2024 年的均值，更接近于该段时间的 1/4 分位数（注：2.8bp 和-10.7bp）。 我们判断，在下次 OMO 降息之前，DR007 和 DR001 中枢进一步下行的空间是 ...

趋势不会因为新闻而改变，只会因新闻刺激而加速。 有时新闻刺激下的方向，正是大趋势的方向，正 所谓"仙人指路"。 ——笔记哥《交易》 【笔记20250704— 30Y国债成"顶流"（-股市上涨-传监管调研中短债基买超长国债+资金面均衡宽松=微 上)】 资金面均衡宽松，长债收益率微幅上行。 央行公开市场开展340亿元7天期逆回购操作，今日有5259亿元逆回购到期，净回笼4919亿元。 资金面均衡宽松，资金价格继续回落，DR001在1.31%附近，DR007在1.42%附近。 | | | | 银行间资金 | (2025. 07. 04) | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 回购代码 | 加权利率 | 变化 | 利率走势 | 最高利率 | 变化 | 成交量 | 变化量 | (亿 | 成交量占 | | | (%) | (bp) | (近30天) | (%) | (bp) | (亿元) | 元) | | 比 (%) | | R001 | 1.36 | -1 | | 1.71 | -14 | 78006. 2 ...

资金面均衡宽松，资金价格继续回落，DR001在1.36%附近，DR007在1.51%附近。 今日股市偏弱震荡，资金面进一步宽松，利率先下行，尾盘央行公告6月未买债，利率小幅回升。 早盘债市延续昨日尾盘偏暖情绪，10Y国债利率基本平开在1.6425%后小幅下至1.6385%附近。股市偏弱 震荡，叠加资金面进一步宽松，10Y国债利率最低下至1.6345%。尾盘央行公告6月净投放6560亿元，未 在公开市场进行国债买卖，利率小幅回升至1.64%附近。 -------------------------- 今日投资主题：反内卷！"供给侧"概念嗨翻天。债农表示最需要反内卷的应该是A债啊！拉久期？跳过 10Y，无视30Y，直接一步到位上50Y！近一个月，30Y-10Y国债利差还在20BP徘徊，而50Y-30Y利差已 经从20BP"卷"到了10BP。 近日辜朝明先生一语道破"中国10Y国债利率降至1.6%"的天机：本质上是资产负债表衰退的"标准反 应"，当个人和企业的首要目标从"追求利润"转向"生存还债"，整个社会的借贷意愿就会断崖式下跌， 银行只能转而购买国债，压低利率。 【今日盘面】 【笔记20250702— 债市也需 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - No relevant information provided in the report. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The domestic economy maintains a stable pattern, with domestic assets presenting mainly structural opportunities. The policy - driven logic will be strengthened in the second half of the year. Overseas geopolitical risks may intensify short - term market fluctuations and disrupt risk preferences. In the long run, the weak US dollar pattern continues. Attention should be paid to non - US dollar assets and strategic allocation of resources such as gold [7]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Macro Highlights - **Overseas Macro**: In June, the Fed kept the federal funds rate target range unchanged at 4.25% - 4.50%, with a more cautious outlook on下半年 rate cuts. US economic data in May was weak, and the economic recovery is limited by geopolitical risks and trade uncertainties. Rising oil prices may prompt the Fed to send hawkish signals [7]. - **Domestic Macro**: The Lujiazui Financial Forum announced multiple financial support policies, strengthening policy expectations for the second half of the year. In May, fixed - asset investment expanded, manufacturing investment grew rapidly, and the service industry accelerated. Industrial and consumer data also showed positive growth [7]. - **Asset Views**: Domestic assets offer structural opportunities, driven by policies in the second half of the year. Overseas geopolitical risks may cause short - term market fluctuations, while the long - term weak US dollar pattern persists. Attention should be paid to non - US dollar assets and strategic allocation of gold [7]. 3.2 Viewpoint Highlights 3.2.1 Financial Sector - **Stock Index Futures**: Funds are releasing congestion, and the market is expected to fluctuate. Key points to watch include end - of - day stock stampedes and deterioration of US dollar liquidity [8]. - **Stock Index Options**: Sellers should wait for the inflection point of declining volatility, and the market is expected to fluctuate. The continuous deterioration of option liquidity is a concern [8]. - **Treasury Bond Futures**: The bullish sentiment in the bond market has declined, and the market is expected to fluctuate. Attention should be paid to unexpected changes in tariffs, supply, and monetary easing [8]. 3.2.2 Precious Metals - **Gold/Silver**: Due to better - than - expected progress in Sino - US negotiations, precious metals will continue to adjust in the short term. Key points include Trump's tariff policy and the Fed's monetary policy, and the market is expected to fluctuate [8]. 3.2.3 Shipping - **Container Shipping to Europe**: Attention should be paid to the game between peak - season expectations and price - increase implementation. The market is expected to fluctuate, and key points include tariff policies and shipping companies' pricing strategies [8]. 3.2.4 Black Building Materials - **Steel Products**: The macro sentiment has improved, but contradictions are accumulating. The market is expected to fluctuate, and key points include the progress of special bond issuance, steel exports, and molten iron production [8]. - **Iron Ore**: Molten iron production has slightly increased, and prices are fluctuating. Key points include overseas mine production and shipping, domestic molten iron production, weather, port ore inventory, and policy dynamics [8]. - **Coke**: Pessimistic sentiment has faded, and prices are stable. Key points include steel mill production, coking costs, and macro sentiment [8]. - **Coking Coal**: Transaction volume has improved, but confidence is still insufficient. Key points include steel mill production, coal mine safety inspections, and macro sentiment [8]. - **Silicon Iron**: Cost expectations have improved, and the market performance is strong. Key points include raw material costs and steel procurement [8]. - **Manganese Silicon**: Cost disturbances have emerged again, and the market performance is strong. Key points include cost prices and overseas quotes [8]. - **Glass**: Supply disturbances have affected sentiment, and production and sales have weakened. The key point is spot production and sales [8]. - **Soda Ash**: Intermediate inventory has decreased, and the market is under pressure. The key point is soda ash inventory, and the market is expected to decline with fluctuations [8]. 3.2.5 Non - ferrous Metals and New Materials - **Copper**: The US dollar index is weak, and copper prices are at a high level. Key points include supply disturbances, unexpected domestic policies, less - than - expected dovishness of the Fed, and less - than - expected recovery of domestic demand [8]. - **Alumina**: The number of warehouse receipts is low, and the alumina market has risen. Key points include unexpected delays in ore resumption, excessive electrolytic aluminum resumption, and extreme sector trends [8]. - **Aluminum**: Low inventory and high premiums have pushed up aluminum prices. Key points include macro risks, supply disturbances, and less - than - expected demand [8]. - **Zinc**: The supply - demand surplus pattern remains unchanged, and attention should be paid to short - selling opportunities. Key points include macro - turning risks and unexpected recovery of zinc ore supply. The market is expected to decline with fluctuations [8]. - **Lead**: Cost support has strengthened again, and the downside of lead prices is limited. Key points include supply - side disturbances and slowdown in battery exports [8]. - **Nickel**: Supply and demand are under pressure, and nickel prices are expected to be weak in the short term. Key points include unexpected macro and geopolitical changes, Indonesian policy risks, and insufficient supply release [8]. - **Stainless Steel**: Nickel - iron prices continue to decline, and the market is expected to fluctuate. Key points include Indonesian policy risks and unexpected demand growth [8]. - **Tin**: Spot transactions are dull, and tin prices are fluctuating. Key points include expectations of Wa State's resumption of production and demand improvement [8]. - **Industrial Silicon**: Supply is continuously increasing, and silicon prices are under pressure. Key points include unexpected supply cuts and unexpected photovoltaic installations [8]. - **Lithium Carbonate**: Warehouse receipts have significantly decreased, and price fluctuations should be watched out for. Key points include less - than - expected demand, supply disturbances, and new technological breakthroughs [8]. 3.2.6 Energy and Chemicals - **Crude Oil**: US inventory pressure has eased, and short - term geopolitical disturbances should be watched. The market is expected to decline with fluctuations. Key points include OPEC+ production policies and Middle East geopolitical situations [10]. - **LPG**: Geopolitical tensions have eased, and the market is weakly fluctuating. Key points include cost developments of crude oil and overseas propane [10]. - **Asphalt**: The expectation of increased production is strong, and asphalt prices are expected to follow crude oil down. The market is expected to decline with fluctuations, and the key point is unexpected demand [10]. - **High - Sulfur Fuel Oil**: Israel has resumed gas field production, and fuel oil prices may continue to be under pressure. The market is expected to decline with fluctuations, and key points include crude oil and natural gas prices [10]. - **Low - Sulfur Fuel Oil**: Low - sulfur fuel oil prices are expected to follow crude oil down. The market is expected to decline with fluctuations, and key points include crude oil and natural gas prices [10]. - **Methanol**: Tensions between Iran and Israel have eased, and the market is fluctuating. Key points include macro - energy and upstream - downstream device dynamics [10]. - **Urea**: Exports are used to balance domestic supply - demand differences, and the market may be slightly stronger in the short term. The market is expected to rise with fluctuations. Key points include market transactions, policy trends, and demand fulfillment [10]. - **Ethylene Glycol**: Rising ethylene prices have boosted ethylene derivatives, and the market is expected to fluctuate and adjust. The key point is ethylene glycol terminal demand [10]. - **PX**: Supply is tight, and geopolitical developments should be watched. The market is expected to fluctuate. Key points include crude oil fluctuations and downstream device abnormalities [10]. - **PTA**: Supply - demand has weakened marginally, but the current situation is okay and costs are strong. The market is expected to fluctuate. The key point is polyester production [10]. - **Short - Fiber**: The short - fiber industry is healthy, and spot processing fees have slightly increased. The market is expected to rise with fluctuations. The key point is terminal textile and clothing exports [10]. - **Bottle Chips**: The market follows raw materials, and the industry is waiting for production cuts. The market is expected to fluctuate. The key point is future bottle - chip start - up [10]. - **PP**: Crude oil prices have fallen, and the market is fluctuating. Key points include crude oil prices and domestic and overseas macro - situations [10]. - **Plastic**: Geopolitical premiums have declined, and the market is fluctuating. Key points include crude oil prices and domestic and overseas macro - situations [10]. - **Styrene**: Geopolitical tensions have cooled down, and the market is expected to decline. The market is expected to decline with fluctuations. Key points include crude oil prices, macro - policies, and device dynamics [10]. - **PVC**: With low valuation and weak supply - demand, the market is fluctuating. Key points include expectations, costs, and supply [10]. - **Caustic Soda**: Dynamic costs have increased, and the market is temporarily fluctuating. Key points include market sentiment, start - up, and demand [10]. - **Oils and Fats**: The sustainability of the rebound should be watched, and the weather in US soybean - producing areas is good. The market is expected to fluctuate. Key points include South American soybean harvest, US soybean planting, and Malaysian palm oil production and demand data [10]. - **Protein Meal**: The expectation of soybean meal imports has hit the market, and the support at the bottom should be watched. The market is expected to fluctuate. Key points include US soybean area and weather, domestic demand, macro - situation, and Sino - US and Sino - Canadian trade wars [10]. - **Corn/Starch**: The market is fluctuating, and spot prices are still firm. Key points include less - than - expected demand, macro - situation, and weather [10]. - **Pigs**: Upstream price - holding sentiment is strong, and demand is in the off - season. The market is expected to fluctuate. Key points include breeding sentiment, epidemics, and policies [10]. 3.2.7 Agriculture - **Rubber**: A warm macro - environment has driven up rubber prices. The market is expected to fluctuate. Key points include production - area weather, raw material prices, and macro - changes [10]. - **Synthetic Rubber**: The market's follow - up increase is limited. The key point is significant crude oil price fluctuations [10]. - **Pulp**: The weak trend remains unchanged. The market is expected to decline with fluctuations. Key points include macro - economic changes and fluctuations in US - dollar - denominated quotes [10]. - **Cotton**: Cotton prices continue to rebound with increased positions. The market is expected to fluctuate. Key points include demand and output [10]. - **Sugar**: The domestic and international markets are differentiated, and the domestic market is rebounding with fluctuations. The key point is abnormal weather [10]. - **Logs**: There are no obvious fundamental contradictions, and the market is expected to fluctuate in the short term. Key points include shipment volume and dispatch volume [10].

Report Summary 1. Investment Rating No investment rating for the industry is provided in the report. 2. Core Views - Since 2024, the significant decline in interest rates to historical lows is difficult to explain by nominal GDP changes. In the long - term, Chinese interest rates move within a non - parallel range, with the "upper limit" determined by the entity's investment return rate and the "lower limit" by the scale of "rigid financing" demand. The key force behind the current interest rate decline is the opening of the lower limit, i.e., the rapid clearing of financing demand [2]. - After a major bull market in the bond market in the previous year, it often enters an oscillatory transition phase in the next year. In 2025, the interest rate has shifted from a unilateral bull market to range - bound oscillations, as the financing cycle turns to expansion while the economic cycle lags behind and declines, and the interest rate digests the combined forces through sideways movement [2]. - High - frequency signals indicate a relatively high "winning rate" for the bond market. Market trading sentiment is not extreme, fundamental high - frequency indicators and interest rates are mutually verified, and both the volatility and trend terms in the timing model have returned to the long side [2]. - The market is mainly concerned about the odds constraint. However, the leading - lagging relationship between the long - end and short - end may have changed, and the term spread is not a reasonable basis for judging market space [2]. - Although interest rates are in a downward channel, the three - year cyclical adjustment pattern still exists. In 2025, there is a seasonal pattern of cyclical rebound in financing, which is the main driving force for the bond market correction. If viewed from the perspective of broad social financing, the bond market correction in the first quarter conforms to the characteristics of cyclical downward pressure release. If there is no increase in new government bond quotas or spontaneous stabilization of corporate leverage, broad social financing may peak in the second quarter, and interest rates may start a new round of decline [3]. 3. Summary by Related Content Interest Rate Movement and Driving Factors - Long - term, Chinese interest rates show a "triangular convergence" trend, with the upper limit moving down and the lower limit remaining stable. The current interest rate decline is due to the opening of the lower limit, resulting in a deviation between interest rate trends and many economic indicators while strengthening the relationship with financing growth [2]. Market Oscillation and Macro - background - After a major bull market in the bond market in the previous year, it often enters an oscillatory phase in the next year. In 2025, the interest rate shift from a unilateral bull market to range - bound oscillations is due to the expansion of the financing cycle and the lagging decline of the economic cycle [2]. High - frequency Signal Analysis - Market trading sentiment is at a neutral - low position, with room for further fermentation; fundamental high - frequency indicators and interest rates are mutually verified; both the volatility and trend terms in the timing model have returned to the long side, indicating a relatively high "winning rate" for the bond market [2]. Market Odds Constraint - The market is worried about the odds constraint, mainly due to the extremely flat yield curve. However, the leading - lagging relationship between the long - end and short - end has changed, such as the relative "insensitivity" of capital costs, the long - end amplitude becoming larger than the short - end, and the long - end trading volume rising, so the term spread is not a reasonable basis for judging market space [2]. Cyclical Adjustment of Interest Rates - Despite the downward trend in interest rates, the three - year cyclical adjustment pattern remains. In 2025, there is a seasonal cyclical rebound in financing, which is the main cause of the bond market correction. From the perspective of broad social financing, the bond market correction in the first quarter conforms to cyclical downward pressure release. If there are no special circumstances, broad social financing may peak in the second quarter, and interest rates may decline again [3]. Economic Indicator Analysis - Ten interest rate synchronization indicators are provided, including enterprise medium - and long - term loan balance growth rate, building materials composite index, etc., with their latest values, previous values, qualitative judgments, and relationships with interest rates [49]. Social Financing and Interest Rate Relationship - The relationship between social financing and interest rates is analyzed. If not considering new government bond quotas or spontaneous stabilization of corporate leverage, broad social financing may peak in the second quarter, and interest rates may start a new round of decline [3]. Policy - related Financial Tools - A comparison is made between the 2022 policy - based development financial tools and the 2025 new policy - based financial tools in terms of announcement time, policy goals, funding scale, operating entities, main investment fields, and project subjects [126].