2025 年 08 月 26 日 债券研究周报 研究所： 证券分析师： 靳毅 S0350517100001 jiny01@ghzq.com.cn 证券分析师： 刘畅 S0350524090005 liuc06@ghzq.com.cn [Table_Title] 交易承压，配置入场 债券研究周报 最近一年走势 交易承压，配置入场 从本周的行情表现来看，我们认为债市大幅上行的空间仍相对有限。 一方面，基金遭遇的赎回更偏向于短期冲击，目前理财的配债行为 仍维持稳健，且破净率没有明显提升，因此赎回压力仍整体可控。 另一方面，在经历利率持续上行后，目前的点位已经达到理财、农 金社、保险等左侧机构的合意点位，承接意愿和力度有明显增加， 也能一定程度上降低利率出现大幅上行的风险。 但同时，当前股市情绪依然火热，股债跷跷板效应明显，风险偏好 上升，一定程度上压制了债市行情。 因此，综上所述，负债端稳定的机构可以持续关注配置机会，逢高 布局。但对于负债端不稳定的机构，进一步做多的机会仍需等待。 机构资金跟踪 本周（2025 年 8 月 18 日-2025 年 8 月 22 日）流动性略有放松。R007 收于 1.48%，较上周 ...

证券研究报告 晨会 hyzqdatemark 2025 年 08 月 24 日 投资要点： 资料来源：聚源，华源证券研究所，截至2025年08月22日 华源晨会精粹 20250824 固定收益 债市可能与股市逐步脱钩——债市短评：近期债市回调或源于债基及券商 自营系统性主动降久期，与经济基本面无关，7 月经济数据大幅走弱，信贷则罕见地 负增长。由于券商自营及债基等倾向于看股做债，7 月以来 A 股强势走势使得债市 出现一定的回调。2010 年以来，只有基本面驱动的股票牛市才会带来债熊，资金驱 动的股票牛市没有债熊。股市对债市资金的分流有限，银行自营债券投资增速显著 上升。当前我们为何阶段性坚定看多债市？1）央行持续宽松，资金利率有望保持低 位，债券正 carry 明显。2）年内经济下行压力或加大。3）央行可能重启国债买入。 4）银行负债成本持续下行，信贷需求弱，支撑银行加大债券配置力度。5）年内政 府债券净发行高峰已过。券商自营及债基降久期后，债市或迎来一波不错的行情。 当不少非银机构债券投资久期降下去后，或迎来新行情的起点。当前，我们明确看 多债市，未来半年预计 10Y 国债收益率重回 1.65%左右，5Y ...

Summary of Key Points from Conference Call Industry Overview - The discussion primarily revolves around the bond market and its current dynamics, with a focus on the impact of economic conditions and monetary policy on bond yields and investment strategies [1][3][20]. Core Insights and Arguments - **Market Sentiment Shift**: There has been a recent shift in sentiment among buyers in the bond market, moving from bullish to bearish due to concerns over rising prices, stock market volatility, and bank redemptions of bond funds. However, some institutions have reduced duration to one year, potentially signaling the start of a new market trend [1][3]. - **Net Selling of Long-Duration Bonds**: From July 21 to August 15, broker proprietary trading and bond funds net sold 250 billion and 260 billion respectively in interest rate bonds, with over 100 billion in bonds with a maturity of over 20 years, indicating a significant reduction in duration by market participants [1][4]. - **Increased Demand from Specific Institutions**: While brokers and funds sold long-duration bonds, rural commercial banks and insurance companies, particularly large life insurance firms, emerged as major buyers, indicating a perceived value in long-duration bonds [1][5]. - **Stock Market Dynamics**: The stock market's recent rise is characterized as a "chip game," with little correlation to the economic fundamentals. The CSI 2000 index is significantly overvalued compared to 30-year government bonds, suggesting that the stock market's rise is primarily driven by retail investor activity rather than corporate performance [1][6]. - **Economic Downturn Risks**: There are increasing concerns about economic pressures in the second half of the year, with July data showing a decline in consumption and investment, alongside export challenges. This may lead to potential monetary easing measures such as rate cuts [1][7][10]. - **Future Economic Outlook**: The economic outlook remains pessimistic, with expectations of a decline in the 10-year government bond yield to 1.5% due to reduced consumer subsidies, declining exports, and a weak real estate market [1][7][20]. - **Impact of Monetary Policy**: The bond market is expected to benefit from a continuation of loose monetary policy, with a potential resumption of government bond purchases by the central bank, a decline in bank funding costs, and a peak in government bond issuance already passed [1][11][20]. - **Growth in Wealth Management Products**: The scale of bank wealth management products has seen significant growth, with an increase of over 2 trillion in July, creating substantial demand for credit bonds and potentially driving a new wave in the bond market [2][13]. Other Important Considerations - **Bank Funding Costs and Bond Yields**: Bank funding costs are projected to decrease to around 1.6% by the fourth quarter, enhancing the attractiveness of 10-year government bonds, which currently yield approximately 1.7% [1][12]. - **Credit Market Dynamics**: The growth in wealth management products is expected to lead to increased demand for credit bonds, despite some concerns about net asset value fluctuations [1][13]. - **International Trade Factors**: Ongoing trade tensions and international negotiations, particularly between the U.S. and Russia, introduce uncertainties that could impact China's economic and financial landscape [1][17][18]. This summary encapsulates the key points discussed in the conference call, highlighting the current state of the bond market, economic outlook, and the implications of monetary policy and market dynamics.

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the report indicates that the bond market is experiencing a period of volatility without a clear trend, necessitating a focus on structural opportunities within the market [2][5] - On August 8, 2025, the implementation of VAT adjustments coincided with the issuance of nine new local government bonds, with overall results exceeding expectations [3][4] - The tax burden impact on self-operated and asset management institutions is estimated to be around 10 basis points (BP) and 5 BP respectively, with the theoretical yield spread between new and old bonds calculated at approximately 10 BP [3][4] Group 2 - The report highlights that the actual yield spread between new and old bonds was lower than the theoretical estimate, ranging from 4 to 7 BP, indicating a pricing adjustment reflecting a 3% VAT [3][4] - The report emphasizes the importance of liquidity and relative value in bond selection, suggesting a focus on long-term bonds with greater volatility and capital gain potential [5] - The adjustment in the curve compilation scheme implies that new bond valuations will carry more weight, potentially affecting institutions with high holdings of inactive old bonds [4]

Group 1: Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the content Group 2: Core Viewpoints of the Report - The bond market continued its recovery this week, with most interest rates declining to varying degrees, especially short - term and credit interest rates. The short - term interest rate's further downward breakthrough momentum is weak, and the bond market may experience short - term phased oscillations, with the subsequent interest rate more likely to break through downward [1][4] - Although other markets and some policies have short - term impacts on the bond market, the continuous loosening of funds provides protection, and the overall pattern of asset shortage in the bond market remains unchanged [2][3][4] Group 3: Summary by Related Content Bond Market Current Situation - This week, the bond market continued its recovery, with short - term and credit interest rates declining more significantly. The 1 - year AAA certificate of deposit rate dropped 1.8bps to 1.62%, and the 1 - year and 5 - year AAA - secondary capital bonds decreased by 2.7bps and 0.7bps respectively. The 10 - year Treasury bond rate fell 1.7bps to 1.69%, while the 30 - year Treasury bond rate rose slightly by 1.1bps to 1.96%. The 10 - year Treasury bond rate has recovered most of its decline from the impact of the stock and commodity markets [1][8] Factors Restraining the Downward Breakthrough of Interest Rates - Other markets still suppress the bond market sentiment. The recent strong performance of the stock market affects the bond market sentiment, especially long - term bonds. The 30 - year Treasury bond has been weak recently due to this factor [2][9] - Institutional caution and the implementation of some growth - stabilizing policies will short - term constrain the bullish forces. In the second quarter of this year, the duration of funds increased significantly, and high positions made institutions operate more cautiously. The relaxation of purchase restrictions in Beijing may also affect the downward force of interest rates [2][11] Factors Protecting the Bond Market - The continuous loosening of funds provides market protection, making it difficult for interest rates to rise significantly. The overnight interest rate is around 1.3%, and R007 is around 1.4%, protecting the overall market. During the market recovery since July 29, short - term interest rates have declined more significantly [3][11] - In the future, funds will remain loose. Financing demand may continue to slow down, government bond supply will decrease, and fund supply is sufficient. The central bank has stated that it will maintain ample liquidity [3][12] Future Outlook for the Bond Market - The bond market may experience short - term phased oscillations. As the fundamentals and asset supply - demand change, the interest rate is more likely to break through downward. From the fundamental perspective, low interest rates are needed to boost domestic demand, and from the asset supply - demand perspective, the decrease in asset supply and continuous loosening of funds will increase the pressure of asset shortage [4][13] - After the phased cooling of the stock and commodity markets, the 10 - year and 30 - year Treasury bonds may oscillate when approaching the pre - adjustment levels of 1.65% and 1.85%. Subsequently, as the fundamentals change and the asset shortage evolves, the interest rate may break through downward, more likely near or in the fourth quarter [4][18]

Group 1 - Henan issued 7-year general local bonds with a scale of 14.29449 billion, an issuance rate of 1.7300%, and a marginal multiple of 1.58 times, with an expected multiple of 2.26 [1] - Henan also issued 10-year ordinary special local bonds with a scale of 3.653 billion, an issuance rate of 1.7600%, and a marginal multiple of 1.29 times, with an expected multiple of 2.20 [1] - Agricultural Development Bank issued 392-day bonds with a scale of 15 billion, an issuance rate of 1.3900%, and a bidding multiple of 1.91 times, with a marginal multiple of 2.40 times [1] Group 2 - Shaanxi issued 10-year general local bonds with a scale of 6.50512 billion, an issuance rate of 1.7900%, and a marginal multiple of 2.66 times, with an expected multiple of 1.92 [1] - Shaanxi also issued 15-year ordinary special local bonds with a scale of 5.77238 billion, an issuance rate of 2.0100%, and a marginal multiple of 2.61 times, with an expected multiple of 2.06 [1] - The bond market is experiencing a decoupling from the stock market, with expectations for the 10Y national bond to return to around 1.65% after a rapid adjustment [3] Group 3 - As of August 6, 2025, the 5-10 year national bond active index increased by 0.03%, with the national bond ETF for 5-10 years showing a recent price of 117.31 yuan [3] - The national bond ETF for 5-10 years has seen a near 1-week cumulative increase of 0.25% [3] - The national bond ETF for 5-10 years has a latest scale of 1.488 billion [3] Group 4 - The national bond ETF for 5-10 years has seen a net value increase of 21.13% over the past 5 years [4] - The highest single-month return since inception for the national bond ETF for 5-10 years was 2.58%, with the longest consecutive months of increase being 10 months [4] - The management fee rate for the national bond ETF for 5-10 years is 0.15%, and the custody fee rate is 0.05% [4]

Core Viewpoint - The public fund market in China has reached a new historical high, with total assets exceeding 34 trillion yuan as of June 2025, reflecting a significant growth trend in various fund types [2][3]. Fund Market Overview - As of June 2025, the total scale of public funds in China reached 34.39 trillion yuan, marking a record high and an increase of over 650 billion yuan compared to the end of May, representing a month-on-month growth of 1.93% [3][4]. - The number of public fund management institutions in China stands at 164, including 149 fund management companies and 15 asset management institutions with public qualifications [3]. Fund Type Performance - The growth in public fund scale is primarily driven by equity funds (including stock and mixed funds) and bond funds [5]. - Equity funds saw a monthly scale increase of 2.7 billion yuan, reaching 8.42 trillion yuan, while mixed funds grew by 3.4% to 3.69 trillion yuan, marking their first increase after two months of decline [5]. - Bond funds experienced the highest subscription activity in June, with net subscriptions of 353.6 billion yuan, leading to a total scale of 7.29 trillion yuan, an increase of 507.9 billion yuan [5]. Fund Subscription Trends - Mixed funds and bond funds have shown significant net subscriptions, while stock funds have remained relatively stable [5][6]. - QDII funds also experienced growth, with a net increase of 0.78% in scale, reaching 683.8 billion yuan [6]. Fund Redemption Trends - Conversely, money market funds faced net redemptions in June, with a total of 164.6 billion yuan redeemed, resulting in a decrease in scale to 14.23 trillion yuan [7].

Core Insights - The report indicates that in Q2 2025, the pure bond positions of active bond funds increased while equity positions decreased overall [1][2] - The leverage duration for active bond funds has risen, reflecting a strategic shift in asset allocation [2][3] Market Review - The bond market experienced low volatility and oscillation, with short-term bonds outperforming long-term ones. In April, the market rose due to reduced investor risk appetite influenced by "reciprocal tariffs," followed by fluctuations due to monetary easing expectations and changing tariff policies. By June, the market saw an overall increase, supported by a loose funding environment and the potential for restarting government bond trading [1] - Key indices showed positive performance: the China Bond Total Net Price Index rose by 0.90%, the China Bond Financial Bond Total Net Price Index increased by 0.53%, and the China Bond Corporate Bond Total Net Price Index saw a slight rise of 0.01% [1] Asset Allocation - There was an overall increase in pure bond positions and a decrease in equity positions among active bond funds. Specifically, convertible bond funds saw a significant reduction in equity positions, while other types of active bond funds increased their pure bond positions [1] - For pure bond products, the allocation to interest rate bonds and credit bonds increased, with interest rate bonds rising to 46.81% and credit bonds decreasing to 65.85% [2] Leverage and Duration - The leverage ratio for active bond funds rose to 116.76%, an increase of 2.31 percentage points from the previous quarter, indicating a strategy to enhance returns amid a loose funding environment [2] - The duration of high-grade credit bonds increased to approximately 51.19%, while low-grade credit bonds decreased to about 14.42%. The overall duration of key holdings also lengthened, with pre-leverage duration at 4.13 years and post-leverage duration at 4.49 years [3]

Market Overview - The bond market remains unclear, with long-term interest rates showing a V-shaped trend, indicating a state of stagnation where rates neither rise nor fall significantly[1] - From July 14-18, the 10-year government bond yield decreased to 1.66% (-0.2bp), while the 30-year bond yield fell to 1.87% (-0.3bp)[9] Funding Conditions - During the major tax payment week, interbank overnight and 7-day funding rates reached temporary highs of 1.57% and 1.58%, raising concerns about the sustainability of a loose monetary environment[2] - The net payment of government bonds during this period was 428.8 billion yuan, contributing to a significant funding gap[20] Market Sentiment - Recent increases in market risk appetite are reflected in the rising financing balance in the stock market, with new funds continuously entering[3] - The expectation of policy support has strengthened, particularly with recent favorable signals from U.S. officials regarding tariffs on China[3] Investment Strategy - Given the current market conditions, institutions are advised to maintain a cautious approach, avoiding aggressive duration increases while closely following market trends[4] - The bond market may develop in two directions: a potential steepening of the yield curve driven by short-term rate declines and a focus on coupon income as funding rates decrease[30] Risk Factors - Potential risks include unexpected adjustments in monetary policy, liquidity changes, and fiscal policy shifts that could impact market stability[5]

Market Overview - The bond market returned to a weak state on July 18, with most government bond futures closing lower and interbank bond yields generally rising by 0.5-1 basis points [1][2] - The central bank conducted a net injection of 102.8 billion yuan in the open market, while short-term funding rates continued to decline [1][6] Bond Futures and Yields - The 30-year main contract fell by 0.22% to 120.460, the 10-year main contract decreased by 0.08% to 108.790, and the 5-year main contract dropped by 0.05% to 105.990 [2] - The yield on the 10-year "25附息国债11" rose by 0.5 basis points to 1.666%, while the 30-year "25超长特别国债02" increased by 0.75 basis points to 1.875% [2] International Bond Markets - In North America, U.S. Treasury yields were mixed, with the 2-year yield rising by 1.06 basis points to 3.896% and the 10-year yield falling by 0.80 basis points to 4.449% [3] - In Asia, Japanese bond yields fell across the board, with the 10-year yield down by 2.8 basis points to 1.53% [4] Market Sentiment and Predictions - Institutions believe that the low-volatility bond market trend continues, with expectations of policy adjustments increasing towards the end of July [1][8] - According to Zhongjin Company, if the Federal Reserve Chair leaves office early, it would negatively impact the dollar and positively affect gold, while Southwest Securities noted that convertible bond valuations are at a relatively low level [7][8] Fund Flows and Liquidity - The central bank announced a 1.875 trillion yuan reverse repurchase operation at a rate of 1.4%, with a net injection of 102.8 billion yuan for the day [6] - Short-term Shibor rates mostly declined, with the overnight rate down by 0.1 basis points to 1.462% [6]