点击下方 卡片 ，关注" 具身智能 之心 "公众号 编辑丨具身智能之心 本文只做学术分享，如有侵权，联系删文 >> 点击进入→ 具身智能之心 技术交流群 更多干货，欢迎加入国内首个具身智能全栈学习社区 ： 具身智能之心知识星球 (戳我) ， 这里包含所有你想要的。 今天为大家汇总一下有关 VLA的基础模型与大规模训练任务相关的几篇文章，按照发表年份来排序，后续持续更新中....... Training strategies for efficient embodied reasoning 论文时间：2025 论文链接：https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.08243 RoboBrain: A unified brain model for robotic manipulation from abstract to concrete 论文时间：2025 论文链接：https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.21257 近年来，多模态大语言模型在多模态上下文处理中展现出卓越的能力。然而，它们在机器人场景中的应用，特别是对于长周期操作任务，显示出显著的局限性。这 些局限性源于当前MLLMs ...

Research Background and Core Issues - The development of large-scale robot datasets and high-capacity models has shown strong capabilities in various tasks, but generalization remains limited in scenarios outside the training data distribution [2] - Shortcut learning, where models rely on task-irrelevant features rather than true causal relationships, is a key factor limiting generalization [2] Dataset Diversity and Fragmentation Analysis - The OXE dataset exhibits significantly lower visual and textual diversity compared to visual/multimodal datasets, even with the latest DROID dataset aimed at increasing diversity [4] - The fragmentation of the OXE dataset is evident, with distinct separation among sub-datasets, leading to a lack of overlap and effective division into smaller datasets [8] - The limited diversity is attributed to inherent constraints in the robot data collection process [6] Theoretical Connection Between Dataset Characteristics and Shortcut Learning - A mathematical framework has been established to analyze how multiple sub-datasets lead to correlations that facilitate shortcut learning [15] - The distance between task-irrelevant features across sub-datasets significantly influences shortcut learning, with models tending to rely on visual cues rather than textual instructions [16] Experimental Validation - Experiments indicate that increasing diversity within sub-datasets and reducing differences between them can effectively reduce shortcut dependencies [18] - The introduction of a "bridge" target in experiments significantly improved out-of-distribution (OOD) success rates by breaking false correlations [28] Mitigating Shortcut Learning Through Data Augmentation - Targeted data augmentation strategies can effectively increase sub-dataset diversity and reduce distribution differences, thereby alleviating shortcut learning [29] - Perspective augmentation creates shared visual contexts between sub-datasets, breaking false correlations tied to specific tasks [30] - The results confirm that carefully selected data augmentation strategies can enhance the generalization capabilities of robot policies [34]

Core Insights - The article introduces 4D-VLA, a new pretraining method that integrates 3D spatial and historical frame data to enhance model performance in complex scenarios, addressing the limitations of traditional single-frame RGB and text inputs [4][10][18]. Group 1: Limitations of Existing Paradigms - Current mainstream methods like OpenVLA rely solely on single-frame RGB images and text instructions, leading to chaotic target distributions and slow model convergence due to high variance [7][8]. - The lack of complete input information results in significant challenges, such as coordinate system chaos and state chaos, which severely degrade pretraining efficiency [5][9]. Group 2: Proposed Solutions - 4D-VLA utilizes depth maps and camera extrinsics to project each pixel into world coordinates, embedding 3D positional encoding to align visual tokens with robot coordinates, thus reducing ambiguity in coordinate systems [10][18]. - The method includes a controlled experiment to quantify the impact of coordinate chaos on VLA models, demonstrating that the introduction of 3D information significantly improves model robustness and convergence speed [11][17]. Group 3: Experimental Setup and Results - The DROID dataset, comprising 76,000 human demonstration trajectories across various tasks, serves as the foundation for pretraining, while the LIBERO simulation suite is used for downstream evaluation [29][30]. - 4D-VLA outperforms existing methods in various tasks, achieving an average success rate of 88.6% across different evaluation settings, showcasing its superior capability in spatial awareness and generalization [33][39]. Group 4: Real-World Evaluation - In real-world tests, 4D-VLA demonstrated enhanced precision and robustness in tasks involving spatial generalization, robustness to distractors, precise placement, and structured instruction execution [44][49]. - The model maintained high success rates even under unseen camera angles, indicating its ability to adapt to new environments and conditions effectively [57][58].