那么VLA是什么？ 最近有同学后台留言，刚开学导师跨行做具身，让自己先去摸索下，最好能产出论文和项目。没有基础最 快能多久出论文？ 针对跨行或者新入门的同学，我们一直建议先把基础打好。然后找一些研究价值比较大的领域突破。特别 是有一定的工作基础、数据基础的领域，如果完全不成熟，没有人同行后期科研的难度很大。 从今年各个机器人与AI顶会来看，VLA及其相关衍生方向，占据了近一半的具身产出。特别是长程操作、 泛化、少样本、VLA+RL、人形相关。如果有同学不知道怎么选择方向，可以多关注这个领域！具身智能 之心最近也出品了一套1v6的科研辅导论文课程，也欢迎关注报名。 从产业角度看，国内外具身智能领域正处于蓬勃发展阶段，Unitree、智元、星海图、银河通用、逐际动力 等团队从实验室走向商业化，华为、京东、腾讯等科技巨头也积极布局，与国外Tesla、Figure AI等公司正 在一起推动这一领域的发展。 很多同学后台留言，咨询VLA相关的论文辅导，希望能够快速入门或转型。VLA作为目前的研究热点，还 有很多问题没有解决，确实是发论文的好方向。但相关体系过于庞大，路线、仿真框架较多，如何写稿、 投稿也都是技巧。具身智 ...

从今年各个机器人与AI顶会来看，VLA及其相关衍生方向，占据了近一半的具身产出。特别是长程操作、 泛化、少样本、VLA+RL、人形相关。 想象一下，如果能通过语言下达指令，并且丝滑执行任何你想要的动作，是一件多么幸福的事情！如果能 长时间连续动作完成，将会非常方便。下面给大家介绍下VLA到底是啥？ VLA打破了传统方法的单任务局限，使得机器人能够在多样化的场景中自主决策，灵活应对未见过的环 境，广泛应用于制造业、物流和家庭服务等领域。此外，VLA模型已成为研究热点，推动了多个前沿项目 的发展，如pi0、RT-2、OpenVLA、QUAR-VLA和HumanVLA，这些研究促进了学术界与工业界的合作。 其适应性体现在能够应用于机械臂、四足机器人和人形机器人等多种平台，为各类智能机器人的发展提供 了广泛的潜力和实际应用价值，成为智能机器人领域的关键驱动力。 从产业角度看，国内外具身智能领域正处于蓬勃发展阶段，Unitree、智元、星海图、银河通用、逐际动力 等团队从实验室走向商业化，华为、京东、腾讯等科技巨头也积极布局，与国外Tesla、Figure AI等公司正 在一起推动这一领域的发展。 本课程聚焦于智能体如 ...

VLA有价值，但入门也难 VLA，Vision-Language-Action模型，是具身智能领域的新范式，从给定的语言指令和视觉信号，直接生成出机 器人可执行的动作。这种范式打破了以往只能在单个任务上训练大的局限性，提供了机器人模型往更加通用，场 景更加泛化的方向发展。VLA模型在学术界和工业界的重要性主要体现在其将视觉信息、语言指令和行动决策 有效整合，显著提升了机器人对复杂环境的理解和适应能力。 VLA打破了传统方法的单任务局限，使得机器人能够在多样化的场景中自主决策，灵活应对未见过的环境，广 泛应用于制造业、物流和家庭服务等领域。此外，VLA模型已成为研究热点，推动了多个前沿项目的发展，如 pi0、RT-2、OpenVLA、QUAR-VLA和HumanVLA，这些研究促进了学术界与工业界的合作。其适应性体现在能 够应用于机械臂、四足机器人和人形机器人等多种平台，为各类智能机器人的发展提供了广泛的潜力和实际应用 价值，成为智能机器人领域的关键驱动力。 从产业角度看，国内外具身智能领域正处于蓬勃发展阶段，Unitree、智元、星海图、银河通用、逐际动力等团 队从实验室走向商业化，华为、京东、腾讯等科技巨头 ...

VLA科研背景与介绍 VLA，Vision-Language-Action模型，是具身智能领域的新范式，从给定的语言指令和视觉信号，直接生成出机 器人可执行的动作。这种范式打破了以往只能在单个任务上训练大的局限性，提供了机器人模型往更加通用，场 景更加泛化的方向发展。VLA模型在学术界和工业界的重要性主要体现在其将视觉信息、语言指令和行动决策 有效整合，显著提升了机器人对复杂环境的理解和适应能力。 VLA打破了传统方法的单任务局限，使得机器人能够在多样化的场景中自主决策，灵活应对未见过的环境，广 泛应用于制造业、物流和家庭服务等领域。此外，VLA模型已成为研究热点，推动了多个前沿项目的发展，如 pi0、RT-2、OpenVLA、QUAR-VLA和HumanVLA，这些研究促进了学术界与工业界的合作。其适应性体现在能 够应用于机械臂、四足机器人和人形机器人等多种平台，为各类智能机器人的发展提供了广泛的潜力和实际应用 价值，成为智能机器人领域的关键驱动力。 从产业角度看，国内外具身智能领域正处于蓬勃发展阶段，Unitree、智元、星海图、银河通用、逐际动力等团 队从实验室走向商业化，华为、京东、腾讯等科技巨头也积 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses the emergence of Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models based on large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) as a transformative paradigm in robotic manipulation, addressing the limitations of traditional methods in unstructured environments [1][4][5] - It highlights the need for a structured classification framework to mitigate research fragmentation in the rapidly evolving VLA field [2] Group 1: New Paradigm in Robotic Manipulation - Robotic manipulation is a core challenge at the intersection of robotics and embodied AI, requiring deep understanding of visual and semantic cues in complex environments [4] - Traditional methods rely on predefined control strategies, which struggle in unstructured real-world scenarios, revealing limitations in scalability and generalization [4][5] - The advent of large VLMs has provided a revolutionary approach, enabling robots to interpret high-level human instructions and generalize to unseen objects and scenes [5][10] Group 2: VLA Model Definition and Classification - VLA models are defined as systems that utilize a large VLM to understand visual observations and natural language instructions, followed by a reasoning process that generates robotic actions [6][7] - VLA models are categorized into two main types: Monolithic Models and Hierarchical Models, each with distinct architectures and functionalities [7][8] Group 3: Monolithic Models - Monolithic VLA models can be implemented in single-system or dual-system architectures, integrating perception and action generation into a unified framework [14][15] - Single-system models process all modalities together, while dual-system models separate reflective reasoning from reactive behavior, enhancing efficiency [15][16] Group 4: Hierarchical Models - Hierarchical models consist of a planner and a policy, allowing for independent operation and modular design, which enhances flexibility in task execution [43] - These models can be further divided into Planner-Only and Planner+Policy categories, with the former focusing solely on planning and the latter integrating action execution [43][44] Group 5: Advancements in VLA Models - Recent advancements in VLA models include enhancements in perception modalities, such as 3D and 4D perception, as well as the integration of tactile and auditory information [22][23][24] - Efforts to improve reasoning capabilities and generalization abilities are crucial for enabling VLA models to perform complex tasks in diverse environments [25][26] Group 6: Performance Optimization - Performance optimization in VLA models focuses on enhancing inference efficiency through architectural adjustments, parameter optimization, and inference acceleration techniques [28][29][30] - Dual-system models have emerged to balance deep reasoning with real-time action generation, facilitating smoother deployment in real-world scenarios [35] Group 7: Future Directions - Future research directions include the integration of memory mechanisms, 4D perception, efficient adaptation, and multi-agent collaboration to further enhance VLA model capabilities [1][6]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the evolution of autonomous driving technology, particularly focusing on the transition from end-to-end systems to Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models, highlighting the differing approaches and perspectives within the industry regarding these technologies [6][32][34]. Group 1: VLA and Its Implications - VLA, or Vision-Language-Action Model, aims to integrate visual perception and natural language processing to enhance decision-making in autonomous driving systems [9][10]. - The VLA model attempts to map human driving instincts into interpretable language commands, which are then converted into machine actions, potentially offering both strong integration and improved explainability [10][19]. - Companies like Wayve are leading the exploration of VLA, with their LINGO series demonstrating the ability to combine natural language with driving actions, allowing for real-time interaction and explanations of driving decisions [12][18]. Group 2: Industry Perspectives and Divergence - The current landscape of autonomous driving is characterized by a divergence in approaches, with some teams embracing VLA while others remain skeptical, preferring to focus on traditional Vision-Action (VA) models [5][6][19]. - Major players like Huawei and Horizon have expressed reservations about VLA, opting instead to refine existing VA models, which they believe can still achieve effective results without the complexities introduced by language processing [5][21][25]. - The skepticism surrounding VLA stems from concerns about the ambiguity and imprecision of natural language in driving contexts, which can lead to challenges in real-time decision-making [19][21][23]. Group 3: Technical Challenges and Considerations - VLA models face significant technical challenges, including high computational demands and potential latency issues, which are critical in scenarios requiring immediate responses [21][22]. - The integration of language processing into driving systems may introduce noise and ambiguity, complicating the training and operational phases of VLA models [19][23]. - Companies are exploring various strategies to mitigate these challenges, such as enhancing computational power or refining data collection methods to ensure that language inputs align effectively with driving actions [22][34]. Group 4: Future Directions and Industry Outlook - The article suggests that the future of autonomous driving may not solely rely on new technologies like VLA but also on improving existing systems and methodologies to ensure stability and reliability [34]. - As the industry evolves, companies will need to determine whether to pursue innovative paths with VLA or to solidify their existing frameworks, each offering unique opportunities and challenges [34].

点击下方 卡片 ，关注" 具身智能 之心 "公众号 导语： 清华大学、北京中关村学院、无问芯穹联合北大、伯克利等机构重磅开源RLinf：首个面向具身智能的"渲训 推一体化"大规模强化学习框架。 代码链接 ：https://github.com/RLinf/RLinf Hugging Face链接 ：https://huggingface.co/RLinf 使用文档链接 ：https://rlinf.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ 人工智能正在经历从"感知"到"行动"的跨越式发展，融合大模型的具身智能被认为是人工智能的下一发展阶段，成 为学术界与工业界共同关注的话题。在大模型领域，随着o1/R1系列推理模型的发布，模型训练的重心逐渐从数据 驱动的预训练/后训练转向奖励驱动的强化学习（Reinforcement Learning, RL）。OpenAI预测强化学习所需要的算 力甚至将超过预训练。与此同时，能够将大规模算力高效利用的RL infra的重要性也日益凸显，近期也涌现出一批 优秀的框架，极大地促进了该领域的发展。 然而，当前框架对具身智能的支持仍然受限。相比推理大模型这一类纯大脑模型， ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the transformative impact of large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) on robotic manipulation, enabling robots to understand and execute complex tasks through natural language instructions and visual cues [3][4][5]. Group 1: VLA Model Development - The emergence of Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models, driven by large VLMs, allows robots to interpret visual details and human instructions, converting this understanding into executable actions [4][5]. - The article highlights the evolution of VLA models, categorizing them into monolithic and hierarchical architectures, and identifies key challenges and future directions in the field [9][10][11]. Group 2: Research Contributions - The research from Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) provides a comprehensive survey of VLA models, detailing their definitions, core architectures, and integration with reinforcement learning and human video learning [5][9][10]. - The survey aims to unify terminology and modeling assumptions in the VLA field, addressing fragmentation across disciplines such as robotics, computer vision, and natural language processing [17][18]. Group 3: Technical Advancements - VLA models leverage the capabilities of large VLMs, including open-world generalization, hierarchical task planning, knowledge-enhanced reasoning, and rich multimodal integration [13][64]. - The article outlines the limitations of traditional robotic methods and how VLA models overcome these by enabling robots to handle unstructured environments and vague instructions effectively [16][24]. Group 4: Future Directions - The article emphasizes the need for advancements in 4D perception and memory mechanisms to enhance the capabilities of VLA models in long-term task execution [5][16]. - It also discusses the importance of developing unified frameworks for VLA models to improve their adaptability across various tasks and environments [17][66].

Core Viewpoint - The exploration of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) is increasingly focusing on embodied intelligence, which emphasizes the interaction and adaptation of intelligent agents within physical environments, enabling them to perceive, understand tasks, execute actions, and learn from feedback [1][6]. Industry Analysis - In the past two years, numerous star teams in the field of embodied intelligence have emerged, leading to the establishment of valuable companies such as Xinghaitu, Galaxy General, and Zhujidongli, which are advancing the technology of embodied intelligence [3]. - Major domestic companies like Huawei, JD.com, Tencent, Ant Group, and Xiaomi are actively investing and collaborating to build a comprehensive ecosystem for embodied intelligence, while international firms like Tesla and various U.S. investment institutions are focusing on foundational models and humanoid robot prototypes [5]. Technological Evolution - The development of embodied intelligence has progressed through several stages: - The first stage focused on grasp pose detection, which lacked the ability to model task context and action sequences [6]. - The second stage involved behavior cloning, allowing robots to learn from expert demonstrations but revealing weaknesses in generalization and performance in multi-target scenarios [6]. - The third stage introduced Diffusion Policy methods, enhancing stability and generalization by modeling action trajectories [7]. - The fourth stage, starting in 2025, explores the integration of VLA models with reinforcement learning and tactile sensing, aiming to overcome current limitations and improve robots' planning and decision-making capabilities [8]. Product and Market Development - The evolution of embodied intelligence technologies has led to the emergence of various products, including humanoid robots, robotic arms, and quadrupedal robots, serving industries such as manufacturing, home services, dining, and healthcare [9]. - The demand for engineering and system capabilities is increasing as the industry shifts from research to deployment, necessitating higher engineering skills for effective implementation [12].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses recent advancements in reinforcement learning (RL) and its applications in robotics, particularly focusing on the VLA (Vision-Language Action) models and diffusion policies, highlighting their potential to handle complex tasks that traditional RL struggles with [2][4][35]. Method Paradigms - Traditional RL and imitation learning combined with Sim2Real techniques are foundational approaches in robotics [3]. - VLA models differ fundamentally from traditional RL by using training data distributions to describe task processes and goals, allowing for the execution of more complex tasks [4][35]. - Diffusion Policy is a novel approach that utilizes diffusion models to generate continuous action sequences, demonstrating superior capabilities in complex task execution compared to traditional RL methods [4][5]. Application Scenarios - The article categorizes applications into two main types: basic motion control for humanoid and quadruped robots, and complex/long-range operational tasks [22][23]. - Basic motion control primarily relies on RL and Sim2Real, with current implementations still facing challenges in achieving fluid motion akin to human or animal movements [22]. - For complex tasks, architectures typically involve a pre-trained Vision Transformer (ViT) encoder and a large language model (LLM), utilizing diffusion or flow matching for action output [23][25]. Challenges and Future Directions - The article identifies key challenges in the field, including the need for better simulation environments, effective domain randomization, and the integration of external goal conditions [35]. - It emphasizes the importance of human intention in task definition and the limitations of current models in learning complex tasks without extensive human demonstration data [35][40]. - Future advancements may involve multi-modal input predictions for task goals and the potential integration of brain-machine interfaces to enhance human-robot interaction [35].