Core Viewpoint - Microsoft is researching Micro LED optical interconnect technology (MOSAIC) to address data transmission bottlenecks in computing centers caused by insufficient bandwidth [1][25]. Group 1: Data Transmission Challenges - Data centers face limitations in bandwidth due to traditional copper cables and optical fibers, which cannot meet the high-speed requirements of AI computing [2][12]. - The typical maximum speed of home network cables is 1 Gbps to 2.5 Gbps, while data center ports commonly operate at 100 Gbps, with AI centers requiring speeds starting at 400 Gbps [4][6]. - The increasing size of AI models necessitates significant data exchange between servers and GPUs, leading to higher bandwidth demands [6]. Group 2: Limitations of Current Technologies - Copper cables can only maintain high transmission speeds over short distances (1-2 meters), while optical fibers, although faster and capable of longer distances, suffer from high power consumption and reliability issues [8][9]. - Using optical fibers exclusively can lead to increased power consumption by 17% and frequent link failures in large GPU clusters [9][11]. Group 3: Introduction of MOSAIC Technology - MOSAIC utilizes Micro LED pixels as light sources, allowing each pixel to function as an independent data transmission channel, enabling a new method of data transfer [14][16]. - Unlike traditional optical communication, which relies on high-speed narrow bandwidth, MOSAIC operates on a "wide and slow" principle, achieving high bandwidth through multiple low-speed channels [16][17]. - MOSAIC can achieve 800 Gbps bandwidth using 400 Micro LED pixels, each transmitting at 2 Gbps, which is a significant advancement over traditional methods [17][21]. Group 4: Advantages of MOSAIC - MOSAIC technology promises to reduce power consumption by up to 68% compared to traditional optical interconnects, while also significantly improving reliability [23]. - The compact size of Micro LED modules allows for high-density configurations without increasing the overall footprint compared to traditional optical modules [19][22]. - The use of multi-core imaging fibers in MOSAIC can support hundreds of optical channels, surpassing the limitations of copper cables and traditional optical fibers [22]. Group 5: Future Outlook - Currently, MOSAIC is in the technical validation stage, with companies like TSMC and others working on prototypes and industry positioning for future commercialization [25]. - The potential of MOSAIC to enhance communication efficiency could address the current bottlenecks in computing centers, making it a critical development in the AI competition landscape [25].