Public Disclosure Authorized SOCIAL PROTECTION & JOBS | POLICY & TECHNICAL NOTE MARCH 2024 | No. 34 Evidence at Your Fingertips Series Cash Transfer Payment Mechanisms: Do Outcomes Vary According to Payment Mechanism? Summary 1. Based on the most recent impact evaluation evidence, on its own, the payment mechanism used to distribute cash—whether physical or digital— does not have notably different impacts on how recipients use cash or on outcome indicators such as consumption and food security, gender equit ...

Public Disclosure Authorized INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL SENSITIVITY MAPPING GUIDANCE FOR EARLY OFFSHORE WIND SPATIAL PLANNING REPORT Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized © June 2024 | International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202–473–1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the World Bank Group with contributions given by the staff and consultants listed ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry. Core Insights - The report emphasizes that both high-value and low-value cash transfers can significantly enhance household consumption and asset accumulation, with higher-value transfers generally yielding greater economic impacts [2][13][19] - It highlights the importance of transfer design, including size, duration, and predictability, in maximizing the effectiveness of cash transfer programs [5][27][30] - The report notes that while higher-value transfers can lead to increased investments and savings, lower-value transfers can still have meaningful impacts, especially when combined with behavioral change communications [3][18][19] Summary by Relevant Sections Cash Transfer Size and Impact - High-value cash transfers (greater than 30% of mean annual household income) tend to produce more substantial impacts on consumption and investment compared to low-value transfers [6][14] - Even low-value transfers (less than 30% of mean annual income) can have measurable effects, particularly when accompanied by supportive messaging [3][4][19] Consumption and Assets - Households receiving high-value transfers tend to spend more on food and invest in productive assets, leading to improved health and nutrition outcomes [14][15][19] - A systematic review indicates that unconditional cash transfers can increase household consumption significantly, although higher transfer values do not always correlate with longer-lasting effects [13][14] Labor and Time Use - High-value transfers may lead to a shift from paid labor to self-employment or care activities, while low-value transfers do not discourage work [20][22] - Evidence suggests that larger transfers can enable recipients to engage in more profitable income-generating activities [21][22] Education, Health, and Nutrition - Higher-value transfers are associated with improved health and nutrition outcomes, particularly for children, but the impact on education is less conclusive [24][26] - The effectiveness of cash transfers in promoting education may depend more on external factors such as school quality and distance than on transfer value alone [26][27] Empowerment - Cash transfers can enhance women's bargaining power and reduce intimate partner violence, although high-value transfers may sometimes lead to increased abuse in certain demographics [27][28] - The report suggests that both high-value and low-value transfers can play significant roles in promoting gender equity and reducing violence, depending on the context [27][30]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The timing of cash transfers, specifically duration and frequency, significantly influences household outcomes in health, nutrition, education, and labor [2][11][15] - Longer duration cash transfers (more than 24 months) are associated with greater predictability and impact, particularly for children's health and education [3][4][5] - Frequency of cash disbursements alone does not significantly affect outcomes, with one-time transfers often being more appealing due to lower costs [4][15][18] - The interplay of size, frequency, and duration of cash transfers can yield different results than any single factor alone [4][10][29] Summary by Sections Evidence Overview - Limited studies since 2016 focus on cash transfer timing, with robust findings on duration impacting health, nutrition, and employment outcomes [5][12][35] - Studies indicate that long-duration transfers yield better outcomes compared to short-duration transfers [3][4] Health, Nutrition, and Food Security - Duration of transfers has a more significant impact on health and nutrition than frequency [15][18] - Long-term transfers during critical periods, such as the first 1,000 days of a child's life, lead to better health outcomes [17][19] - One-time lump-sum transfers can be as effective as more frequent payments in certain contexts [18][32] Mental Health and Psychosocial Well-Being - Recent studies indicate that longer-duration cash transfers improve mental health outcomes [20][21][23] - The relationship between cash transfers and mental health is still an emerging area requiring further research [19][23] Education - Longer exposure to cash transfers correlates with improved educational attainment and future income prospects [24][25] - Timing of transfers during critical educational periods enhances their effectiveness [24][29] Employment and Labor - Long-term cash transfers do not necessarily reduce working hours but can shift the type of labor households engage in [24][30] - Evidence suggests that cash transfers can encourage entrepreneurship and self-employment [24][30] Consumption, Savings, and Investment - Frequency of transfers does not significantly impact savings and investment outcomes, with some studies indicating that monthly payments may facilitate consumption smoothing [27][28] - Larger lump-sum transfers can lead to immediate increases in savings and investment [29][30] Gender Equity and Empowerment - The frequency and size of cash transfers influence women's control over finances and related outcomes [28][29] - Larger, less frequent transfers may empower women differently compared to smaller, more frequent payments [28][29] Implementation Considerations - Cost-effectiveness of cash transfer programs favors one-time lump-sum payments over more frequent disbursements [30][31] - Design factors such as transfer size, frequency, and duration should be considered collectively to optimize outcomes [30][34]

BLUE ECONOMY: THE LATENT POTENTIAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE IN CABO VERDE CABO VERDE| ECONOMIC UPDATE - MARCH 2024 Blue Economy: The Latent Potential of Fisheries and Aquaculture in Cabo Verde Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized 1 Public Disclosure Authorized © 2024 The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank. The find ...

Mobility and Transport Connectivity Series Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Overcoming the Barriers to Green, Resilient, Inclusive, and Efficient Regional Trade Corridors in Southern Africa Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized © 2024 World Bank International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Internet: http://www.worldbank.org/transport Standard Disclaimer This work is a product of the staff of The Intern ...

The Path to 5G in the Developing World Planning Ahead for a Smooth Transition The Path to 5G in the Developing World The Path to 5G in the Developing World PLANNING AHEAD FOR A SMOOTH TRANSITION © 2024 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 27 26 25 24 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpre ...

Public Disclosure Authorized Digital Skills Development in EAP: Key Findings and Recommendations from the Country Studies Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized The World Bank September 2023 Public Disclosure Authorized 1 Contents | Executive Summary . | | |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----| | 1. Objective of the Study . | | | 2. Methodology of the Study . | | | 3. Key Findings ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The report highlights that Kenya's economic growth in 2023 experienced a cyclical rebound, with real GDP expanding by 5.6 percent, driven by recovery in the agricultural sector and resilience in services, despite challenges in the industrial sector [21][33] - The external sector faced significant challenges, with imports and exports contracting due to lower domestic demand and reduced global demand, leading to a narrowing of the current account deficit [22][41] - Trade integration is emphasized as a critical factor for economic growth and job creation, with Kenya's share of total trade consistently falling over the last decade, indicating a need for policy reforms to enhance export orientation and competitiveness [27][29] Summary by Sections Recent Economic Developments - Global economic growth slowed to 2.6 percent in 2023, with expectations of further decline in 2024, while Sub-Saharan Africa is projected to rebound in 2024-25 [20][31] - Kenya's real GDP growth accelerated to 5.6 percent in 2023, supported by a recovery in agriculture and growth in the services sector, although the industrial sector faced deceleration [21][33] - The external sector experienced a contraction in both imports and exports, with the current account deficit narrowing by 29.2 percent year-on-year [22][41] Outlook and Risks - The growth outlook for Kenya is projected to slow to 5.0 percent in 2024 due to ongoing fiscal consolidation efforts and tight monetary policy, despite improvements in macroeconomic conditions [26] - Trade integration efforts are crucial for enhancing economic growth and job creation, with significant potential for export expansion in key sectors [27][29] Special Focus: Trade Integration - Kenya's trade patterns indicate that agriculture is the largest contributor to exports, but the country has underperformed in diversifying its export basket [27][28] - The report emphasizes the importance of revising trade and investment policies to foster export orientation and enhance productivity and innovation [29]

运 输 公 司 集装箱港口 性能指标 2023 基于船舶时间的港口性能比较评估 露披开公权授 露披开公权授 露披开公权授 ...