Industry Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly mention an industry investment rating [1][2][3] Core Viewpoints - The WHO Faith Network is actively engaged in health emergency preparedness, response, and resilience, with a focus on communication, advocacy, and trust-building [6] - The network collaborates with religious leaders, faith-based organizations, and communities to strengthen national responses to health emergencies [5] - The PRET Initiative aims to enhance pandemic preparedness by focusing on modes of transmission and leveraging existing systems and tools [11][20] Key Areas of Interest (2022-23) Communication and Advocacy - Focus on sharing accurate health information and advocating for health equity and vaccine access [6] - Development of evidence on the role of trust and religious leaders in health emergencies [6] Strengthening Health Emergency Preparedness - Partnership between WHO and faith partners to enhance preparedness, response, and resilience [6] - Development of preparedness checklists for faith partners, including piloting and refining for dissemination [6] Strategy Dissemination and Operationalization - Dissemination of the WHO strategy for engaging religious leaders and faith-based organizations in health emergencies [6] - Mapping of health assets and infrastructure owned by faith-based organizations [6] Research and Documentation - Collection, documentation, and publication of research on various topics related to health emergencies and faith-based engagement [6] Upcoming Initiatives and Meetings - Tentative theme for upcoming meetings: hospital simulation exercises [4] - PRET Partners Engagement Forum scheduled for 1.5 hours, with breakout sessions by topic [26] - Combined meetings planned for 2025 and beyond, focusing on epidemic and pandemic preparedness [30] Technical Briefings and Publications - Technical briefings on influenza H5N1, Mpox, and global health emergency architecture [22] - Publication of a comment in Lancet Global Health on faith as a complex system in health emergency preparedness [14] - Christian Health Asset Mapping Consortium published a concept paper on faith-based public-private partnerships [25] Integration and Collaboration - Integration of the Faith Network into the PRET Partners Engagement Forum [26] - Collaboration with the World of Work Network and Trust Partners Engagement Forum [33] - Dialogue on trust with the Global Preparedness and Monitoring Board, with findings included in the 2025 GMPM Report [28] Future Directions - Consolidation within the Pandemic Preparedness Global Platforms Unit, focusing on health in the world of work and trust [33] - Frequency of meetings set at every 2 months, with plenary and breakout sessions [34] - Next Partners Engagement Forum tentatively scheduled for the last week of January [35]

Industry Overview - The global vaccine market in 2023 stabilized at approximately 7 billion doses, a significant decrease from 2022 due to reduced COVID-19 vaccine procurement [87] - The financial value of the global vaccine market grew by 15% CAGR over the past five years, driven by higher-priced adult vaccines in high-income countries and novel RSV vaccines [88] - COVID-19 vaccines accounted for the highest global financial value at US$20 billion, representing 27% of the total market value in 2023 [88] Manufacturing and Supply - The global vaccine market remains highly concentrated, with the top 10 manufacturers accounting for 73% of vaccine dose volumes and 85% of global financial value [89] - Manufacturers affiliated with the DCVMN sold over 50% of vaccine doses globally, representing 11% of global financial value, while IFPMA-affiliated manufacturers accounted for 85% of financial value [89] - Pfizer and the Serum Institute of India (SII) are outliers in terms of financial value and volume, with SII returning to its pre-pandemic position as the largest volume manufacturer with 22% of the global market [38][90] Vaccine-Specific Dynamics - Rotavirus vaccine volumes grew by 5% from 2022 and 29% from 2019, driven by increased demand and availability, particularly in MICs [116] - HPV vaccine volumes increased by 18% from 2022 and over 50 million doses since 2019, with a 16% CAGR, largely due to growing procurement in China [116] - Seasonal influenza vaccine volumes grew by 32% from 2019 to 2023, driven by expanded use in countries like China [107] Regional Supply Security - The WHO African and Eastern Mediterranean regions rely heavily on vaccines manufactured outside their regions, with less than 5% of vaccines procured in 2023 produced locally [3][92] - The WHO South-East Asia region self-supplied 87% of vaccines procured, with India providing 84% of the region's doses and self-supplying 99% of its own procurements [93] - The WHO Western Pacific region self-supplied 66% of vaccines procured, with China providing 54% of the region's doses and self-supplying 90% of its own procurements [93] Procurement and Pricing - Self-procuring middle-income countries (MICs) accounted for 40% of global vaccine volumes, while pooled procurement initiatives (UNICEF and PAHO) represented 36% [134] - High-income countries (HICs) dominated the financial value, representing 72% of the market's value in 2023, up from 65% in 2022 [134] - Vaccine prices remained relatively stable, with tiered pricing based on country income levels, and pooled procurement mechanisms offering lower prices [135] Regulatory Landscape - As of 2023, 34 vaccine-producing countries have reached ML 3 or higher for vaccine manufacturing, with no new countries achieving this milestone in 2023 [9][136] - The WHO collaborative registration procedure for prequalified vaccines expanded to 67 countries and one regional economic community as of August 2024 [58] - Efforts to enhance regulatory capacity in countries planning to produce vaccines are ongoing, with some achieving ML 3 for medicines regulation [10]

Industry Overview - The ongoing conflict in Sudan has driven a large influx of refugees into surrounding countries, including Chad, South Sudan, Egypt, Libya, Ethiopia, and the Central African Republic [1] - Nearly 12.0 million people have been displaced, with almost 2.5 million displaced into neighboring countries [2] - The report focuses on the health situation and WHO's regional response in refugee-hosting countries, excluding Sudan itself [3] Chad - Chad is at the center of the Sudan refugee crisis, with over 935,000 Sudanese refugees/asylum seekers entering since April 2023 [5] - Refugees live in formal and informal camps across nine health districts, facing challenges in accessing essential health services due to difficult physical access, limited medical supplies, and a lack of health workers [5] - Health concerns include chickenpox, malaria, acute jaundice syndrome, hepatitis E, and measles, with significant case numbers reported across various districts [7] Ethiopia - Ethiopia has received over 179,700 refugees and returnees from Sudan as of November 2024, with concerns over insecurity, shortages of supplies, and inadequate water and latrine facilities [25] - Malaria cases are increasing among both refugees and host communities in the Amhara region [25] - Health services are provided by Health Cluster partners, local health facilities, and mobile health and nutrition teams [27] South Sudan - South Sudan has received over 886,000 refugees and returnees since April 2023, with the majority crossing through the Wunthow (Joda) point of entry [84] - The ongoing cholera outbreak is linked to the influx of returnees and refugees, with 1,427 cases and 14 deaths reported between September and December 2024 [84] - WHO has shipped 22 metric tons of cholera kits and four tents to Malakal, providing resources to treat 2,200 individuals [85] Egypt - Egypt has received 1.2 million new arrivals from Sudan as of November 2024, with 569,629 Sudanese registered with UNHCR [95] - WHO Egypt has provided coverage for 2,261 health services for Sudanese refugees, including management of injuries, renal dialysis, and caesarean sections [96] - Despite being certified malaria-free, Egypt has reported 20 malaria cases among Sudanese refugees in 2024 [96] Libya - As of November 2024, 125,020 health certificates have been issued, predominantly to adult male Sudanese refugees, indicating a rapid increase in refugee influx to southern Libya [97] Central African Republic - As of November 2024, six affected districts have reported at least one outbreak, with an ongoing hepatitis E epidemic affecting Vakaga [63] - A total of 239 suspected cases of hepatitis E have been reported, with 84 laboratory-confirmed cases and five deaths [64] Operational Challenges - Key challenges include resource mobilization gaps, inadequate early warning and response systems, limited health service delivery, health worker shortages, and insecurity [68] - The funding gap significantly hampers operations, with limited availability of water and supplies increasing the risk of outbreaks such as cholera and hepatitis E [68] Next Steps - Continued support for health emergency preparedness and response, including surveillance, rapid response teams, WASH, and case management [69] - Financial and logistical support to restock drug supplies, diagnostic kits, and IPC/WASH supplies at points of entry [69] - Capacity building of health workers and EMTs at health facilities and points of entry serving host communities and refugees [69]

Industry Overview - Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a leading cause of infant mortality and hospitalization, with over 95% of RSV-associated acute lower respiratory infections and 97% of RSV-associated childhood deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LICs and MICs) [92] - RSV also causes significant morbidity and mortality in older adults, with over 30,000 adults older than 60 years dying from RSV annually in high-income countries (HICs) [92] - Prevention through passive immunization with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and maternal vaccines, or active immunization with adult vaccines, plays a crucial role in reducing RSV-related morbidity and mortality [92] Market Dynamics - The RSV immunization market is dual, with demand and supply expected for the same products in both HICs and countries with limited resources [14] - Commercialization strategies have prioritized HICs and some upper-middle-income countries (UMICs) due to higher demand predictability and profitability [65] - Demand from HICs is expected to expand quickly across all populations by 2030, while demand in LICs and LMICs is expected to evolve at a much slower pace, with inclusion into National Immunization Programmes (NIPs) likely beginning 6-8 years later than HICs [97] Supply and Demand Analysis - Global programmatic dose requirement (PDR) for all RSV vaccines and mAbs is forecasted to increase from less than 50 million doses in 2024 to peak at ~170 million doses annually in 2040 [69] - HICs are likely to account for ~70-80% of PDR for all RSV products in the medium-term, while LICs and MICs could make up to ~75% of PDR by 2040 due to progressive adoption and implementation of RSV immunization programmes [69] - PDR for maternal RSV vaccine and infant mAbs is forecasted to grow to annual volumes of ~58 million and ~17 million doses, respectively, by 2040, representing ~36% of global PDR across the forecast timeframe [70] Key Players and Products - Currently, there are three authorized RSV vaccines for older adults and one maternal vaccine indicated during pregnancy to protect young infants [63] - The maternal vaccine is available from one supplier (Pfizer's ABRYSVO), and the same vaccine also has an indication for older adults [12] - For infant mAbs, products are available from only one to two suppliers (Sanofi AstraZeneca's BEYFORTUS and AstraZeneca's SYNAGIS), with limited potential for manufacturing scale-up [12] Pricing Analysis - Public market prices in the US are $395 for RSV mAb, $221 for maternal vaccine, and $175-196 for adult vaccines [81] - In other countries, available sources show a broader price range for mAbs in the public sector, with HICs prices varying between $231 and $730 per dose [83] - Maternal and adult vaccines have more limited price ranges, between $205 and $234 per dose and $175 and $196, respectively [83] Future Outlook - The current and future manufacturer base is not sufficiently diversified, with a limited number of suppliers for RSV mAbs and maternal vaccines [43] - Licensing and technology transfer could positively alter the supply ecosystem, supporting regional manufacturing, ensuring supply security, and enhancing supplier diversity and competition [43] - Efforts to accelerate equitable access will require actions on both the demand and supply side, including generation of comprehensive evidence base, engagement with developers and manufacturers, and financial support for countries with limited budgets [46]

Industry Investment Rating - LC3 is rated as a transformative opportunity for the cement industry, offering significant financial and environmental benefits [18][19] Core Report Findings - LC3 demonstrates a compelling route to decarbonization with strong financial performance and significant emissions reductions [20] - LC3 production can reduce operating expenses by up to 33% due to lower calcination temperatures and reduced fuel use [20] - LC3 avoids emissions up to 32% compared with traditional cement blends and over 40% compared with OPC [23] - LC3's payback periods can range from a few months to 10 years, depending on regional factors and capital requirements [21] Regional Analysis North America - LC3 is gaining traction in the US, supported by DOE funding and "buy clean" policies [66][68] - Prescriptive standards in North America pose challenges to LC3 adoption, but performance-based standards like ASTM C1157 are gaining traction [66][67] Europe - Europe's progressive standards and the EU's Green Deal are accelerating LC3 adoption [72][73] - EN 197-5 permits the use of LC3-50, positioning it as a viable low-carbon alternative to traditional cement [73] Latin America - Latin America is becoming a favorable market for LC3, with Brazil leading in low-carbon cement innovation [79] - Outdated prescriptive standards in some countries still present challenges for LC3 adoption [83] Africa - Africa's push to modernize standards could enable broader LC3 adoption, with early promise in South Africa and Kenya [84][87] - LC3 offers a cost-effective solution in regions with high clinker import costs due to limited limestone availability [88] Economic and Environmental Benefits - LC3 production can reduce operating expenses by up to 33%, with cost efficiency stemming from lower calcination temperatures [120] - LC3 avoids emissions up to 32% compared with traditional cement blends, with potential global CO₂ emissions reductions of 500 million tons annually [133] - LC3's payback periods can be as short as a few months in favorable regions, with IRRs boosted by carbon taxes [124][127] Barriers and Challenges - Materials sourcing and adherence to standards are key challenges for LC3 adoption [137][138] - LC3's physical properties, such as early strength and water demand, differ from OPC, requiring project-specific considerations [146] - Capital expenditures for LC3 can range from $5 to $110 million, but cost per ton of CO₂ abated is favorable [148] Strategic Insights - LC3 unlocks opportunities for new technologies and business models, such as electric kilns and modular production [25][163] - Early adopters of LC3 will gain a competitive edge through cost savings and government incentives [156] - Investments in kiln retrofits, new clay calciners, and performance-based standards are critical for scaling LC3 adoption [164] Conclusion - LC3 is a scalable, profitable, and immediate low-carbon solution available for industry-wide adoption now [168] - Embracing LC3 will position early adopters to thrive in a rapidly evolving market and significantly reduce global CO₂ emissions [169]

Source: UBS Evidence Lab (>Access Dataset) Figure 15: Units of Inventory per Listed Product 50 100 150 200 250 - Oct-19 Dec-19Feb-20 Apr-20 Jun-20 Aug-20 Oct-20 Dec-20Feb-21 Apr-21 Jun-21 Aug-21 Oct-21 Dec-21Feb-22 Apr-22 Jun-22 Aug-22 Oct-22 Dec-22Feb-23 Apr-23 Jun-23 Aug-23 Oct-23 Dec-23Feb-24 Apr-24 Jun-24 Aug-24 Oct-24 Dec-24 Source: UBS Evidence Lab (>Access Dataset) Figure 12: Electronic Component Pricing through Distribution (Indexed Jan '21) Connectors (TEL / APH) 16 December 2024 ab 4 更多资料加入知识星球：水木 ...

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