Core Viewpoint - The report highlights the ongoing challenges in child health in China, particularly the rising obesity rates among children aged 6-17, despite improvements in infant mortality rates and healthcare access for children [1][2]. Group 1: Child Health Statistics - The overweight and obesity rate among children under 6 years is decreasing, while the rate for children aged 6-17 is still on the rise, indicating a concerning trend [1][2]. - By 2024, the infant mortality rate and the mortality rate for children under 5 are projected to reach 4.0‰ and 5.6‰ respectively, marking the best levels in history and positioning China among the top in global middle-income countries [1]. - From 2010 to 2023, the average life expectancy in China increased by 3.8 years, with 21.7% of this improvement attributed to the decline in mortality rates for children under 5 [1]. Group 2: Healthcare Infrastructure - Over 8,000 comprehensive hospitals in China can provide pediatric outpatient or inpatient services, with 98% of county hospitals having established pediatric departments [2]. - By the end of this year, there is a goal to have 2,000 medical institutions meet the requirements for becoming child-friendly hospitals, with a target of 90% of institutions providing pediatric healthcare services to be child-friendly by 2030 [2]. Group 3: Health Initiatives and Policies - The prevention and control of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents is included in the Healthy China strategy, with national standards for student physical fitness being a key assessment indicator [2]. - Initiatives include promoting at least 2 hours of physical activity daily for students and encouraging self-management for overweight children, alongside the establishment of health weight management clinics [2].

Core Viewpoint - The National Health Commission of China reported significant improvements in child health indicators, with infant mortality and under-five mortality rates reaching historical lows by 2024, positioning China among the top in global middle-income countries [3][4]. Group 1: Child Health Improvements - The infant mortality rate is projected to drop to 4.0‰ and the under-five mortality rate to 5.6‰ by 2024, marking the best levels in history [3]. - From 2010 to 2023, the average life expectancy in China increased by 3.8 years, with 21.7% of this increase attributed to the decline in under-five mortality rates [3]. Group 2: Service Enhancements - Over 8,000 comprehensive hospitals in China now provide pediatric outpatient or inpatient services, with 98% of county hospitals offering pediatric care and over 80% of grassroots medical institutions treating common childhood illnesses [3]. - The National Health Commission aims to establish 2,000 child-friendly hospitals by the end of 2025, with a target of 90% of institutions providing child healthcare services to be child-friendly by 2030 [3]. Group 3: Comprehensive Service Strengthening - Initiatives include pregnancy risk screening, enhanced measures for birth defect prevention, and a focus on key health issues such as myopia, obesity, and autism in children [4]. - The infant mortality rate due to birth defects and under-five mortality has decreased by over 30% compared to five years ago, with a 21% reduction in the incidence of neural tube defects and Down syndrome [4]. - The mother-to-child transmission rate of HIV has dropped to 1.2%, achieving a historical low, alongside the implementation of free HPV vaccinations covering 60% of eligible girls [4].