这次地磁暴为何如此强烈？地磁暴能否预报，未来发生频次会增加吗？地磁暴会影响人类生活吗？1月 21日，科技日报记者就此采访了相关专家。 第一问：此次地磁暴为何这么强？ 国家空间天气监测预警中心首席预报员陈安芹介绍，地磁暴是高速太阳风压缩地球磁场，并引发短时剧 烈扰动的现象，如同平静湖面突然泛起的涟漪，并非真正意义上的"爆炸"。 来源：科技日报 ◎本报记者 付丽丽 北京时间1月19日凌晨2时09分左右，太阳活动区爆发X1.9级耀斑，标志着2026年首个X级大耀斑出现。 受日冕物质抛射影响，自1月20日2时起，地球开始发生地磁暴。截至21日17时，已持续出现15小时特大 地磁暴，18小时大地磁暴以及6小时中等地磁暴，目前地磁活动仍在持续。受此次强烈地磁活动影响， 我国多地天空出现了绚丽的极光。 其次，预测"冲击波"何时抵达地球。基于卫星图像，科研人员会估算日冕抛射体的速度、质量和方向， 进而预测其可能影响地球的时间。 最后是预测地磁暴的强度与持续时间。当日冕物质抛射到达地球附近时，位于日地之间、距离地球约 150万公里（日地L1点）的"哨兵"卫星会对其进行捕捉。这些卫星可以直接测量太阳风的速度、密度和 磁场方向。其 ...

这次地磁暴为何如此强烈？地磁暴能否预报，未来发生频次会增加吗？地磁暴会影响人类生活吗？1月 21日，科技日报记者就此采访了相关专家。 第一问：此次地磁暴为何这么强？ 国家空间天气监测预警中心首席预报员陈安芹介绍，地磁暴是高速太阳风压缩地球磁场，并引发短时剧 烈扰动的现象，如同平静湖面突然泛起的涟漪，并非真正意义上的"爆炸"。 来源：科技日报 北京时间1月19日凌晨2时09分左右，太阳活动区爆发X1.9级耀斑，标志着2026年首个X级大耀斑出现。 受日冕物质抛射影响，自1月20日2时起，地球开始发生地磁暴。截至21日17时，已持续出现15小时特大 地磁暴，18小时大地磁暴以及6小时中等地磁暴，目前地磁活动仍在持续。受此次强烈地磁活动影响， 我国多地天空出现了绚丽的极光。 超强地磁暴通常是由日冕物质抛射引起的，作为最典型的太阳爆发活动，一次日冕物质抛射过程能将数 以亿吨计的太阳物质，以每秒数百千米甚至上千千米的速度抛离太阳表面。这些物质不仅携带巨大质量 与速度汇聚成的动能，也蕴藏着强烈的太阳磁场能量。它们一旦命中地球，就会引发地球磁场方向与强 度的显著变化，从而形成地磁暴。 监测显示，此次耀斑爆发伴随全晕日冕物质 ...

Core Viewpoint - The first aurora display of the new year was observed in several northern regions of China due to a geomagnetic storm that occurred on January 20, with significant intensity noted [1][2]. Group 1: Geomagnetic Storm and Aurora - A geomagnetic storm is caused by the interaction of charged particle flows from the sun with the Earth's magnetic field, primarily triggered by coronal mass ejections (CME) [2]. - The geomagnetic storm on January 20 was classified as a "super level," providing a great opportunity for aurora enthusiasts to witness vibrant auroras [2]. Group 2: Observations and Experiences - Aurora enthusiasts reported varying experiences; some, like Wang Junfeng in Beijing, were unable to see the aurora despite waiting for hours, while others in regions like Hami, Xinjiang, were able to observe colorful auroras [4][6]. - Observations indicated that the auroras featured colors such as red, orange, and green, although cloud cover affected visibility for some observers [6]. - The auroras were noted to be particularly beautiful in areas like the Eerguna Wetland, with reports of long-lasting displays due to the influence of two CMEs [6].

Core Viewpoint - A geomagnetic storm triggered by a solar flare reached G5 (extreme) level in South Africa, impacting satellite performance and wireless communication [1] Group 1: Solar Activity - On the 18th, a prolonged X1.9 solar flare caused a coronal mass ejection, leading to charged particles reaching Earth [1] - The geomagnetic storm initially reached G4 (severe) level on the night of the 19th before escalating to G5 (extreme) level early on the 20th [1] Group 2: Geomagnetic Storm Measurement - The Kp index, which measures the intensity of geomagnetic storms, recorded a value of 9 during the G5 storm, indicating a significant disturbance [1] - The Kp index ranges from 0 to 9, with higher values representing stronger geomagnetic storm intensity [1] Group 3: Potential Impacts - The geomagnetic storm can cause severe disturbances in the Earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere, and upper atmosphere [1] - Potential impacts include effects on satellite performance and safety, as well as disruptions to wireless communication [1]

来源：科技日报微信公众号（记者：付丽丽） 北京时间1月19日2时09分左右，太阳活动区14341爆发X1.9级耀斑，这是太阳在2026年首次出现X级大 耀斑。受其影响，1月20日2时起，地球开始发生磁暴，截至当日20时，共出现6小时特大地磁暴，6小时 中等地磁暴。 风云三号E星在太空也探测到此次地磁活动，随着磁暴的开始，地磁指数的数值快速下探。 作为最典型的太阳爆发活动，一次日冕物质抛射过程能将数以亿吨计的太阳物质以每秒数百千米的高速 抛离太阳表面。这些物质中不光有着巨大质量与速度汇聚成的动能，还携带着太阳强大的磁场能。一旦 命中地球，就会引发地球磁场方向与大小的变化，即地磁暴。 地磁暴会不会给人体带来影响？这个不用过分担心，地磁暴对人类而言没有影响。地磁暴所产生的磁场 变化量实际上很小，还没咱们家庭日常使用的"吸铁石""磁力粘钩"的磁性强，大家完全不用在意。 但地磁暴对航空器和卫星轨道运行会有一定影响，受地磁暴影响，卫星空间站可能会因大气拖曳造成轨 道高度有所下降，需加强对轨道的监测并根据需要进行轨道调控；卫星导航设备定位误差可能有所增 大，但对公众日常使用导航等功能影响不大。 此外，强烈的地磁活动可能会影 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the severe geomagnetic storm and solar radiation storm currently affecting Earth's space environment, with impacts expected to last until the 21st [1][2]. Group 1: Geomagnetic and Solar Radiation Storms - The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) issued a warning about a strong geomagnetic storm and severe solar radiation storm, triggered by a solar flare on the 18th, which resulted in an S4 level solar radiation storm [1][2]. - The geomagnetic storm reached G4 level (severe) on two occasions, first on the 19th and again on the 20th, marking the strongest geomagnetic activity since October 2003 [2]. Group 2: Impacts on Infrastructure and Communication - High-latitude regions may experience voltage fluctuations in power systems, with some power grids facing operational instability risks due to the strong geomagnetic storm [2]. - Satellites may encounter attitude anomalies and increased atmospheric drag, while high-frequency radio communications in high-latitude areas could experience attenuation or interruptions [2]. - The S4 level solar radiation storm poses increased radiation exposure risks for astronauts and polar flight personnel, as well as heightened risks for geostationary satellites and space launch systems [2].

Core Viewpoint - A strong geomagnetic storm and severe solar radiation storm are currently affecting the Earth's space environment, with impacts expected to last until January 21 [1] Group 1: Geomagnetic Storms - Solar radiation storms are caused by intense solar activities such as flares and coronal mass ejections, which release high-speed charged particle flows that interact with the Earth's magnetic field, leading to geomagnetic storms [1] - The current solar activity is in the 25th cycle, characterized by periodic changes in solar activity approximately every 11 years [1] Group 2: Impact on Technology - The Swiss journal "Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences" reported that geomagnetic activity significantly affects the fall of SpaceX's Starlink satellites, with the descent phase during strong geomagnetic storms occurring 10 to 12 days earlier than during quiet periods [2] - High-latitude regions may experience voltage fluctuations in power systems and instability in some power grids due to strong geomagnetic storms [2] - High-frequency radio communications in high-latitude areas may suffer from attenuation or interruption during geomagnetic storms [2] Group 3: Effects on Human Health - While the atmosphere protects humans on the ground from geomagnetic storms, individuals sensitive to electromagnetic environments may experience anxiety, insomnia, and decreased sleep quality [2]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the occurrence of an X1.9-class solar flare from sunspot 14341, marking the first X-class flare of 2026, which has led to significant geomagnetic storms on Earth, resulting in beautiful auroras in various regions of China [2][5]. Group 1: Solar Activity and Geomagnetic Storms - On January 19, 2026, at 2:09 AM Beijing time, sunspot 14341 erupted with an X1.9-class flare, the first of its kind in 2026 [2]. - Following the flare, geomagnetic storms began on January 20, 2026, at 2:00 AM, with reports of 6 hours of severe geomagnetic storms and 6 hours of moderate storms, which are still ongoing [2]. Group 2: Effects of Geomagnetic Storms - The geomagnetic storms have led to the appearance of stunning auroras in northern China, particularly in the Greater Khingan Range of Heilongjiang province [7]. - Geomagnetic storms can disrupt shortwave communication and navigation systems across most regions of China [8]. - The storms cause disturbances in the ionosphere, affecting ground communication and satellite signals, which may impact the accuracy of navigation satellite systems and the quality of mobile and satellite TV signals [10]. - Strong geomagnetic storms can increase current loads on power transmission systems, potentially damaging transformers and other grid facilities, leading to power outages [11]. Group 3: Impact on Daily Life - The impact of geomagnetic storms on public daily life and health is minimal, and no special precautions are necessary [12]. - However, strong geomagnetic activity may affect animal migration and navigation abilities, particularly for birds that rely on solar and geomagnetic navigation [12].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the occurrence of an X1.9-class solar flare from sunspot 14341, marking the first X-class flare of 2026, which has led to significant geomagnetic storms affecting Earth and creating beautiful auroras in several regions of China [3][8]. Group 1: Solar Activity and Geomagnetic Storms - On January 19, 2026, at 2:09 AM Beijing time, a significant solar flare occurred, resulting in geomagnetic storms starting from January 20, 2026, at 2:00 AM [3]. - The geomagnetic storm has been categorized into six hours of severe geomagnetic storms and six hours of moderate geomagnetic storms, with the storm still ongoing [3]. Group 2: Effects of Geomagnetic Storms - Geomagnetic storms can disrupt shortwave communication and navigation systems across most regions of China to varying degrees [10]. - The storms can increase atmospheric particle movement, leading to greater flight resistance for spacecraft, posing risks to their safety in orbit [11]. - Strong geomagnetic storms may affect power transmission systems, increasing current loads on transmission lines and potentially damaging transformers or other grid facilities, which could result in power outages [13]. Group 3: Impact on Daily Life - The impact of geomagnetic storms on public daily life and health is minimal, and no special precautions are necessary [15]. - However, strong geomagnetic activity may affect animal migration and navigation abilities, particularly for species that rely on solar and geomagnetic navigation, such as homing pigeons [15].

Core Viewpoint - A geomagnetic storm triggered by a solar storm reached G5 (extreme) level in South Africa on January 20, 2023, impacting satellite performance and wireless communication [1] Group 1: Solar Activity - A prolonged X1.9 solar flare on January 18 initiated a coronal mass ejection, leading to charged particles reaching Earth and causing a geomagnetic storm [1] - The geomagnetic storm escalated to G4 (severe) level on the evening of January 19 before reaching G5 (extreme) level early on January 20 [1] Group 2: Geomagnetic Storm Metrics - The Kp index, which measures the intensity of geomagnetic storms, peaked at 9 during the G5 storm, indicating a high level of disturbance in Earth's magnetic field [1] - On January 20 at 6:21 AM, the Earth experienced a Kp value of 6, with solar wind speeds reaching 900 kilometers per second, while the geomagnetic storm intensity in Hermanus was recorded at Kp value 7 [1] Group 3: Effects and Observations - Geomagnetic storms can cause significant disturbances in the Earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere, and upper atmosphere, potentially affecting satellite operations and wireless communications [1] - Residents in parts of South Africa's Western Cape shared photos of auroras on social media, which are more vibrant during stronger geomagnetic storms [1]