太阳耀斑

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井上望远镜拍到最清晰太阳耀斑图像,揭示日冕回路微观结构
Ke Ji Ri Bao· 2025-08-28 08:57
Core Insights - The Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope has captured the clearest images of solar flares to date at H-α wavelength (656.28 nm), marking a significant advancement in solar observation [1][2] - The telescope recorded numerous dark coronal loops during an X1.3-class flare, with an average width of 48.2 kilometers and a minimum width of 21 kilometers, setting a record for the narrowest coronal loops observed [1] - This breakthrough allows scientists to directly study the fundamental processes driving flares, such as magnetic reconnection, which were previously only theorized [1] Group 1 - The Inouye Telescope's observations provide a direct view of coronal loops, which are plasma arcs along solar magnetic field lines, often appearing before flares [1] - The ability to observe these structures at such a fine scale enables researchers to investigate the core mechanisms behind flare occurrences [1][2] - The imagery produced by the telescope is described as stunning, with dark filamentous loops resembling a glowing archway, allowing even non-experts to appreciate the complexity and beauty of solar phenomena [2] Group 2 - The previous theoretical predictions suggested that the width of these loops could range from 10 kilometers to 100 kilometers, but direct observation was hindered by resolution limitations [1] - The Inouye Telescope's capability to capture these details represents a leap forward in solar physics, providing insights that were previously confined to theoretical models [1] - The findings may have implications for understanding solar storms and their potential impact on Earth's critical infrastructure [1]
井上望远镜拍到最清晰太阳耀斑图像 揭示日冕回路微观结构
Huan Qiu Wang Zi Xun· 2025-08-27 11:02
来源:科技日报 科技日报北京8月26日电(记者 张佳欣)据《天体物理学杂志快报》25日报道,美国国家科学基金会丹 尼尔·井上太阳望远镜首次以H-α波长(656.28纳米)拍摄到迄今最清晰的太阳耀斑图像。同时,望远镜 在一次X1.3级耀斑的衰减阶段记录下大量暗色回路。这些回路平均宽度48.2公里,最细仅21公里,创下 了人类观测到的最窄日冕回路纪录。这一突破让科学家得以窥见太阳日冕回路的基本单元,也把耀斑建 模推进一个全新境界。 在井上望远镜之前,人们只能想象这种尺度图案的景象,现在科学家终于能够直接观测到。这也是井上 望远镜首次捕捉到X级耀斑。 日冕回路是沿太阳磁力线分布的等离子体弧拱,常常出现在耀斑之前。当部分磁力线发生扭曲并断裂 时,会释放出巨大能量,引发太阳风暴并影响地球关键基础设施。此前,理论预测这些回路的宽度可能 在10公里至100公里之间,但由于分辨率限制,长期以来无法得到直接验证。井上望远镜的观测首次揭 示了如此清晰的结构,意味着科学家能在此前仅在理论模型中存在的尺度,直接研究磁重联等驱动耀斑 的基本过程,有望揭示耀斑发生的核心机制。 这些细丝状回路可能就是耀斑的基本构件。如果这一推测成立,意味 ...
超清太阳表面图像揭开“磁帘”秘密
Ke Ji Ri Bao· 2025-06-25 23:30
Core Insights - The research team from the National Solar Observatory has utilized the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope to capture ultra-clear images of the solar surface, revealing fine magnetic stripe structures that will reshape the understanding of solar magnetic field dynamics [1][2] - These stripe structures will aid in more accurate predictions of solar flares and coronal mass ejections, which impact space weather events on Earth [1] Group 1 - The newly discovered stripe structures are described as "magnetic curtains" that hang at the boundaries of convective cells on the solar surface, which are approximately 1,000 kilometers in diameter [1] - The magnetic curtains exhibit wave-like fluctuations, creating alternating bright and dark stripe patterns that reflect spatial changes in the underlying magnetic field [1][2] - The breakthrough observation was made possible by the high-resolution imaging capabilities of the Visible Broadband Imager (VBI) on the Inouye Solar Telescope, particularly in the G-band, which enhances the features of magnetic active regions [1] Group 2 - The research team conducted a systematic comparison between the observed images and advanced numerical models simulating solar surface physical processes, confirming that the stripe structures reveal weak but significant magnetic field fluctuations [2] - The intensity variation of these magnetic fields is around 100 Gauss, comparable to a typical refrigerator magnet, yet it can cause displacements on the solar surface at the kilometer scale, known as the "Wilson depression" [2] - The findings also provide new insights into the universal behavior of magnetic fields in other cosmic bodies, such as molecular clouds, enhancing the understanding of solar physics challenges like coronal heating and the origins of solar wind [2]
地磁暴不是真的“爆”(唠“科”)
Ren Min Ri Bao· 2025-06-13 22:01
Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the phenomenon of geomagnetic storms caused by solar activity, explaining their nature, effects, and prediction methods. Group 1: Understanding Geomagnetic Storms - Geomagnetic storms occur when high-energy particles from the sun impact the Earth's magnetic field, causing rapid changes without explosive effects [1] - These storms do not directly affect human health as the changes in the magnetic field are minimal compared to household magnets [1] Group 2: Effects of Geomagnetic Storms - Geomagnetic storms can alter the state, movement, and distribution of gas particles in the Earth's upper atmosphere, affecting the ionosphere and thermosphere, which in turn impacts satellite operations, communication, and navigation systems [2] - They can also produce beautiful auroras, as seen during a geomagnetic storm in early June that resulted in aurora displays across multiple regions in China [2] Group 3: Prediction of Geomagnetic Storms - The prediction of geomagnetic storms relies on monitoring solar activity through a network of satellites and ground-based telescopes [3] - Following a significant solar flare, the National Space Weather Monitoring and Warning Center was able to track the event and predict the potential for geomagnetic storms based on the intensity and location of the solar activity [3] - Accurate forecasting involves understanding the speed, magnetic field, density, and temperature of solar material, as well as simulating its journey through the 150 million kilometers of interplanetary space to Earth [3] Group 4: Advancements in Monitoring - The launch of satellites such as Fengyun, Xihe, and Kuafu has enabled China to achieve autonomous solar observation data, significantly enhancing the ability to predict space weather events like geomagnetic storms [4] - Astronomers and photography enthusiasts are particularly interested in aurora forecasts, which require additional considerations of geographical and weather conditions for optimal viewing [4]
超583颗卫星坠落,马斯克祸不单行
Sou Hu Cai Jing· 2025-06-10 12:00
Core Insights - The article discusses the challenges faced by Elon Musk's SpaceX, particularly with its Starlink satellite system, which has experienced a significant increase in satellite failures due to atmospheric conditions influenced by solar activity [1][3]. Group 1: Satellite Failures - SpaceX's Starlink system has seen a dramatic rise in satellite losses, with 316 satellites burning up in the atmosphere in 2024, bringing the total losses to 583 satellites since the system's inception [3]. - The annual satellite failure rate has escalated from 2 in 2020 to approximately 88-99 in recent years, indicating a concerning trend for the sustainability of the satellite network [3][5]. Group 2: Atmospheric Impact - The increase in satellite failures is attributed to the expansion of the atmosphere caused by solar flares and sunspots, which leads to increased atmospheric drag on low Earth orbit satellites [5]. - As the atmosphere becomes denser, the likelihood of satellite re-entry and failure rises, posing a significant operational challenge for SpaceX [5]. Group 3: Financial Implications - To maintain a planned fleet of 42,000 satellites, SpaceX will need to continuously launch replacement satellites, which requires substantial financial resources [5]. - The potential for ongoing satellite losses raises concerns about the financial viability of the Starlink project, reminiscent of the failed Iridium satellite system due to low user demand [7]. Group 4: Government Support - Musk is seeking support from the U.S. government to encourage more industries to adopt the Starlink system, highlighting the importance of external backing for the project's success [7]. - The relationship between Musk and former President Trump is noted as a sensitive factor that could influence future developments for SpaceX and its satellite initiatives [7].
地磁暴来了!
新华网财经· 2025-06-02 07:01
Core Viewpoint - The article discusses a recent solar flare event that occurred on May 31, which is expected to lead to geomagnetic storms on Earth, particularly in northern regions where auroras may be visible. The event is part of a natural cycle of solar activity that peaks approximately every 11 years, with the current cycle expected to continue through 2025 [1][6]. Group 1: Solar Flare and Its Effects - A solar flare classified as M8.1 occurred on May 31, with a rapid increase in soft X-ray flux [2]. - The solar flare was accompanied by a coronal mass ejection (CME), which is expected to impact Earth and potentially cause geomagnetic storms [4]. - The geomagnetic storms are anticipated to occur from June 1 to June 3, with a possibility of small storms on June 3 if no new flares occur [4]. Group 2: Geomagnetic Storms and Human Impact - Geomagnetic storms are caused by solar activity and result in significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field [9]. - The storms can interfere with satellite communications and navigation systems, but they do not pose any health risks to humans [9]. - The most noticeable effect for the general public will be the potential for vibrant auroras in high-latitude regions [9]. Group 3: Solar Activity Cycle - The current solar activity cycle, which began in 2019, is entering its peak phase, with increased solar events expected through 2025 [6]. - The article emphasizes that solar flares and geomagnetic storms are normal natural phenomena [7].
地球可能连续3天发生地磁暴,我国北部今天或现极光,对人体健康产生影响吗?
Mei Ri Jing Ji Xin Wen· 2025-06-02 06:02
Core Viewpoint - A solar flare occurred on May 31, with potential geomagnetic storms affecting Earth for three consecutive days, particularly in northern China where auroras may be visible [1][3]. Group 1: Solar Activity - The solar activity region 14100 erupted, producing an M8.1 class medium flare, with soft X-ray flux peaking at 8:05 AM [3]. - Accompanying the flare was a coronal mass ejection, creating a shockwave that will propagate through the solar system [3]. - If no new flares occur on June 1 and 2, a minor geomagnetic storm is expected on June 3 [3]. Group 2: Solar Cycle and Predictions - Solar activity follows an approximately 11-year cycle, with the current 25th solar cycle having started in 2019 and now entering its peak year [5]. - The years 2024 and 2025 are anticipated to be high activity periods, likely resulting in more solar flares and geomagnetic storms [5]. Group 3: Effects of Geomagnetic Storms - Northern China may experience noticeable auroras, including red-green composite auroras [6]. - Geomagnetic storms do not significantly impact human health, although sensitive individuals may experience anxiety or sleep disturbances [7]. - Geomagnetic storms can disrupt communication, navigation, and satellite operations, affecting devices like smartphones and vehicles [7].
地磁暴带来哪些影响?卫星导航误差可能增大 北部有机会出现极光
Yang Shi Xin Wen· 2025-06-02 03:40
Core Points - A solar flare occurred on May 31, with a peak intensity of M8.1, indicating a moderate level of solar activity [2] - The solar activity is expected to cause geomagnetic storms on Earth for three consecutive days, with a possibility of auroras in northern regions of China [1][4] - The current solar cycle, which began in 2019, is at its peak phase, with increased solar activity anticipated through 2024 and 2025 [6] Summary by Category - **Solar Activity** - The solar flare originated from active region 14100, with soft X-ray flux rapidly increasing and peaking at M8.1 [2] - Accompanying the flare was a coronal mass ejection, creating a shockwave that propagates through the solar system [2] - **Geomagnetic Storms** - Earth is likely to experience geomagnetic storms due to the direct impact of the coronal mass ejection, with potential small storms expected on June 3 if no new flares occur [4] - Geomagnetic storms can disrupt satellite communications and navigation systems, but they do not pose health risks to humans [6] - **Auroras** - There is a forecast for visible auroras in northern China, with some areas potentially experiencing red-green composite auroras [6] - The phenomenon of auroras is a direct result of geomagnetic storms affecting high-latitude regions [6]
南京大学陈鹏飞:太阳物理跟国计民生息息相关
Huan Qiu Wang Zi Xun· 2025-05-19 02:46
"幸运的是,地球有磁场和大气层在保护着我们。"陈鹏飞表示,虽然地球磁场和大气层能起到保护作 用,但如果日冕抛射的物质冲向地球,还是会引发地磁暴,高能粒子会轰击地球大气,形成美丽的极 光,去年北京郊区就因剧烈太阳爆发而出现极光。 此外,卫星也会受到太阳爆发的骚扰,高能粒子轰击致卫星充电、放电,甚至烧毁,还会使地球大气密 度升高,增大卫星阻力,导致轨道下降卫星坠毁,比如2022年马斯克发射的星链卫星就因为太阳小型爆 发而损失40颗卫星。 来源:光明网 光明网讯5月17日,南京大学天文与空间科学学院教授陈鹏飞在2025搜狐科技年度论坛上表示,太阳物 理不只是探索天体爆发现象,也跟国计民生息息相关。"正是由于太阳爆发现象的频繁发生,使得地球 上平均每年要损失几十亿人民币。" 陈鹏飞介绍,太阳距地球1亿5千万公里,为地球提供光和热,太阳能是近乎取之不尽。太阳内部核心通 过氢核聚变产生光,依据爱因斯坦质能公式E=mc⊃2;,四个氢原子核聚变成一个氦原子核时,减少的质 量转化成了光子的能量。 太阳看似不变,实则是复杂多变。"如果我们用极紫外或者X射线望远镜去观测太阳的话,你会发现太 阳是极其复杂、丰富多变的,在任何时候,太 ...