来源：科技日报微信公众号（记者：付丽丽） 北京时间1月19日2时09分左右，太阳活动区14341爆发X1.9级耀斑，这是太阳在2026年首次出现X级大 耀斑。受其影响，1月20日2时起，地球开始发生磁暴，截至当日20时，共出现6小时特大地磁暴，6小时 中等地磁暴。 风云三号E星在太空也探测到此次地磁活动，随着磁暴的开始，地磁指数的数值快速下探。 作为最典型的太阳爆发活动，一次日冕物质抛射过程能将数以亿吨计的太阳物质以每秒数百千米的高速 抛离太阳表面。这些物质中不光有着巨大质量与速度汇聚成的动能，还携带着太阳强大的磁场能。一旦 命中地球，就会引发地球磁场方向与大小的变化，即地磁暴。 地磁暴会不会给人体带来影响？这个不用过分担心，地磁暴对人类而言没有影响。地磁暴所产生的磁场 变化量实际上很小，还没咱们家庭日常使用的"吸铁石""磁力粘钩"的磁性强，大家完全不用在意。 但地磁暴对航空器和卫星轨道运行会有一定影响，受地磁暴影响，卫星空间站可能会因大气拖曳造成轨 道高度有所下降，需加强对轨道的监测并根据需要进行轨道调控；卫星导航设备定位误差可能有所增 大，但对公众日常使用导航等功能影响不大。 此外，强烈的地磁活动可能会影 ...

Core Insights - Meteorological services have become a crucial support for meeting public expectations and promoting economic and social development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period [1] Group 1: Technological Advancements - The global first achievement of meteorological satellite with a regional resolution of 250 meters for continuous imaging every minute [3] - Fengyun-3G satellite is China's first and the world's third low-inclination orbit precipitation measurement satellite [3] - Fengyun-3E satellite is the only civil polar meteorological satellite conducting observations during dawn and dusk [3] - High-level self-reliance and strength achieved through equipment and technology like Fengyun satellites, Beidou sounding, and weather radars [7] Group 2: Forecasting Accuracy - The monitoring rate for hazardous weather has increased to 83% [10] - The lead time for severe convective weather warnings has been advanced by 13% [10] - Regional heavy rain, high temperature, and cold wave events can be forecasted 3 to 7 days in advance, while national significant weather events can be predicted 15 days ahead [10] - Climate anomaly events can be forecasted 6 months in advance, and climate annual outlook products can be released 1 year ahead [10] - The accuracy of rain forecasts has improved by 10% compared to the 13th Five-Year Plan period [12] Group 3: Economic Impact - Economic losses due to meteorological disasters have decreased by an average of 0.12 percentage points of GDP during the 14th Five-Year Plan [14] - Artificial rainfall and snow operations have cumulatively increased precipitation by approximately 1,677 million tons [14] - Winter wheat dry hot wind warnings have contributed to an increase in grain production by 8.3 billion jin [15] Group 4: Public Services and Applications - The life meteorological service index has expanded to over 70 types, covering various aspects of daily life [21] - Meteorological services now encompass over 70 major categories of the national economy [13] - A seamless and comprehensive intelligent digital meteorological forecasting system has been established, with spatial resolution down to 5 kilometers globally and 1 kilometer nationally [12] - 17 industries have achieved the integration and rapid release of 82 types of warning information, with alerts delivered to emergency responders within 1 minute [18] - Meteorological data products have been shared with nearly 130 million users across 21 industries in 153 countries and regions [25]