Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the ongoing antitrust investigations by the European Union (EU) against major tech companies, particularly Google and Apple, under the newly enacted Digital Markets Act (DMA), highlighting the implications for these companies and the broader tech landscape in Europe [1][3][4]. Group 1: Antitrust Investigations - The EU has initiated antitrust investigations against Google and Apple, with both companies facing scrutiny for potentially violating the DMA [1][4]. - Google is accused of favoring its own services in search results and restricting developers from directing users to alternative app download channels, which could lead to significant fines [4][5]. - Apple is being pressured to open its ecosystem to third-party devices, which could enhance interoperability but also raises concerns about user privacy and innovation [4][6]. Group 2: Regulatory Context - The DMA, effective since March 2022, aims to regulate "gatekeeper" companies, primarily targeting large US tech firms, with potential fines reaching up to 10% of global annual revenue for violations [3][4]. - The EU's actions against US tech giants are seen as a response to the lack of local internet champions in Europe, as the market is dominated by American companies [9][10]. Group 3: Market Implications - The dominance of US companies in the European digital market is significant, with Google holding nearly 90% market share in search engines and major players like Amazon and Microsoft controlling over two-thirds of the AI and cloud computing markets [10]. - The EU's push for digital sovereignty includes a €200 billion investment plan for AI, indicating a strategic move to reduce reliance on US technology and foster local competition [10].