Core Points - The article provides a comprehensive guide on flu prevention and management during the flu season, emphasizing the importance of vaccination and proper treatment methods [1] Group 1: Flu Diagnosis and Symptoms - Influenza is primarily caused by type A and B flu viruses, with common symptoms including fever above 38°C, headaches, muscle aches, and fatigue [3] - Diagnosis can be confirmed through throat swab tests for flu virus antigens or nucleic acids, which typically take 15 minutes to 1 hour [3] Group 2: Treatment Recommendations - Antiviral medications should be taken within 48 hours of symptom onset for effective treatment, while antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections [3] - Overuse of antipyretics to control symptoms is discouraged, especially in vulnerable populations such as the elderly and infants [4] Group 3: Emergency Situations - High-risk individuals should seek immediate medical attention if they experience persistent high fever, excessive phlegm, difficulty breathing, or severe symptoms [4] Group 4: Vaccination Importance - Vaccination remains one of the most effective and economical methods for flu prevention, even for those who have previously contracted the flu [5] - Different flu virus subtypes may circulate in a single season, and vaccination can provide protection against multiple strains [5]

Core Insights - The flu positivity rate in China has reached nearly 45%, indicating a significant rise in flu cases, with some provinces experiencing high epidemic levels [1] - The peak of flu activity typically occurs from late December to early January, followed by a decline [2] Group 1: Flu Characteristics - Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the influenza virus, primarily the H3N2 subtype in China this season [3] - The flu virus can spread through droplets from sneezing, coughing, or talking, as well as through contact with contaminated surfaces [4] Group 2: Symptoms and Risks - Flu symptoms are severe and include sudden high fever (often reaching 39°C to 40°C), chills, severe headaches, muscle aches, and extreme fatigue, posing a higher risk of serious complications for vulnerable populations [7][10] - In contrast, common colds primarily affect the nose and throat, with milder symptoms and a lower risk of severe complications [5][6] Group 3: Prevention and Vaccination - Vaccination is crucial for flu prevention, with experts stating that it is never too late to get vaccinated, as antibodies develop within 2 to 4 weeks [17] - The flu vaccine significantly reduces the risk of severe illness and death, with estimates showing a reduction of over 40% in risk for the general population [18] - The World Health Organization recommends annual vaccination due to the changing nature of circulating flu strains [19]

Core Viewpoint - The flu is currently on the rise in China, with a positivity rate nearing 45%, indicating a shift to epidemic levels, and some provinces reaching high epidemic levels [1] Group 1: Flu Overview - Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the influenza virus, which has four types: A, B, C, and D. The predominant strain in China is currently the H3N2 subtype [3] - The flu typically peaks between late December and early January, followed by a decline [2] Group 2: Transmission and Symptoms - The flu spreads primarily through respiratory droplets from sneezing, coughing, or talking, and can also spread via contact with contaminated surfaces [4] - Typical symptoms of the flu include sudden high fever (often reaching 39°C to 40°C), chills, severe headaches, muscle aches, and extreme fatigue, distinguishing it from the common cold, which mainly affects the nose and throat [8] Group 3: Prevention and Vaccination - Vaccination is crucial for flu prevention, and it is still effective to get vaccinated even as flu activity rises, as antibodies take 2 to 4 weeks to develop [18] - The World Health Organization estimates that seasonal flu can lead to 3 million to 5 million severe cases and 290,000 to 650,000 respiratory disease-related deaths annually [19] - The flu vaccine significantly reduces the risk of severe illness and death, with a risk reduction of over 40% for the general population and even higher for vulnerable groups [19] Group 4: High-Risk Groups and Recommendations - High-risk groups for severe flu complications include infants, pregnant women, the elderly, and individuals with chronic health conditions [10] - It is advised that individuals in these high-risk categories seek medical attention promptly if flu symptoms develop [10]

11月27日，中国疾病预防控制中心发布数据显示，在全国门急诊流感样病例中，流感阳性率接近45%， 整体进入中流行水平，部分省份已达高流行水平。 监测数据显示，流行高峰一般出现在12月中下旬至1月初，之后将进入下降阶段。 认清流感 别把它和普通感冒混为一谈 接触传播：如触摸口鼻、眼睛等部位后病毒可能通过手传播到物体上，如把手放在键盘、门把手、开关 等处，他人再接触这些被病毒污染的物体后极易发生被感染。 流感的典型症状有哪些？ 与普通感冒有什么不同？ 普通感冒主要"折腾"鼻子和喉咙。 病原：可由不同种类病毒感染引发，为自限性疾病。 症状：集中在鼻咽部，如鼻塞、流涕、打喷嚏、喉咙痛。全身症状轻微，一般不发烧或仅低烧，通常一 周内自愈。 引起流感的病原体是什么？ 有什么特点？ 流感是流感病毒导致的急性呼吸道传染病。流感病毒分为甲、乙、丙、丁四型，当前我国流感流行毒株 以甲型H3N2亚型为主。每年的流行毒株是甲型H3N2亚型、甲型H1N1流感、乙型Victoria系中的一个亚 型或多个亚型，每年优势毒株不同是流感的正常规律。 流感是如何传播的？ 飞沫传播：如打喷嚏、咳嗽或说话时会产生带有病毒的飞沫，他人吸入这些飞沫后， ...

11月27日，中国疾病预防控制中心发布数据显示，在全国门急诊流感样病例中，流感阳性率接近45%，整体进入中流行水平，部分省份已达高流行水平。 监测数据显示，流行高峰一般出现在12月中下旬至1月初，之后将进入下降阶段。 认清流感 别把它和普通感冒混为一谈 引起流感的病原体是什么？ 症状：集中在鼻咽部，如鼻塞、流涕、打喷嚏、喉咙痛。全身症状轻微，一般不发烧或仅低烧，通常一周内自愈。 有什么特点？ 流感是流感病毒导致的急性呼吸道传染病。流感病毒分为甲、乙、丙、丁四型，当前我国流感流行毒株以甲型H3N2亚型为主。每年的流行毒株是甲型H3N2 亚型、甲型H1N1流感、乙型Victoria系中的一个亚型或多个亚型，每年优势毒株不同是流感的正常规律。 流感是如何传播的？ 飞沫传播：如打喷嚏、咳嗽或说话时会产生带有病毒的飞沫，他人吸入这些飞沫后，病毒可能进入体内通过间接接触而传播，这也是一种比较常见的传播途 径。 接触传播：如触摸口鼻、眼睛等部位后病毒可能通过手传播到物体上，如把手放在键盘、门把手、开关等处，他人再接触这些被病毒污染的物体后极易发生 被感染。 流感的典型症状有哪些？ 与普通感冒有什么不同？ 普通感冒主要"折腾 ...

Core Insights - The current flu season in 2025 is marked by a significant increase in flu cases, with a 237% year-on-year surge in the sales of Oseltamivir and a 180% increase for the novel antiviral drug Marbofloxacin [1][2] - The predominant strain this year is the H3N2 subtype, which has replaced last year's H1N1, indicating a regular antigenic drift rather than a more dangerous mutation [1] - Flu differs significantly from the common cold, with flu symptoms being more severe and potentially leading to serious complications such as myocarditis, encephalitis, and pneumonia [2] Prevention and Treatment - Vaccination is emphasized as the primary preventive measure, with recommendations for all individuals over 6 months old to receive the flu vaccine, especially vulnerable groups such as the elderly, chronic disease patients, pregnant women, young children, and healthcare workers [2] - This year, 10 manufacturers have approved flu vaccines in China, with prices ranging from 31 to 103 yuan per dose, making them more accessible [2] - In case of infection, it is crucial to use antiviral medications like Oseltamivir or Marbofloxacin within 48 hours of symptom onset for effective treatment [2][3] Supply and Availability - The original manufacturer of Marbofloxacin, Roche, has localized production in Shanghai, increasing the supply to over three times that of last year, ensuring availability in hospitals nationwide [3] - An emergency supply mechanism is in place to address potential outbreaks in specific regions [3]

医院就诊患者多，人群密集，病种复杂，空气流通性弱，如有呼吸道传染病患者就诊，患者排出的病毒 载量也会大于室外环境及其他流通性强的室内环境，面对流感等呼吸道传染病传染性强，传播方式简单 的情况下，感染流感的风险更高，医务人员感染概率也会增加数倍。 "流感疫苗是预防流行性感冒最经济有效的措施。"张婧菲强调，预防流感，要养成良好的健康理念和健 康生活方式，包括减少人群密集性场所活动；打喷嚏要遮住口鼻；勤洗手，多通风；保持良好作息，避 免过度疲劳。科学认识，理性对待，让流感预防更轻松。去医院就诊时，发热患者或者流感疑似患者需 严格按照院内预检分诊进入发热门诊并佩戴医用外科口罩，不乱蹿楼层。就诊完成后尽快离开医疗机 构，不在流感活跃期内逗留。对于医疗机构来说，营造优良的就医环境，减少医务人员和其他患者的感 染，从而可以降低儿童、老年人、慢性病患者患流感后出现重症和死亡的风险。 "多股冷空气接连来袭，许多人出现了鼻塞、咳嗽、流涕症状，通过国家监测，流感也进入了高发季 节，尤其是作为人员密集场所之一，医疗机构是流感传播的高风险区域，需特别注意预防。"青岛市疾 病预防控制中心传染病防制所主管技师张婧菲介绍，流感病毒主要通过打 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of understanding flu prevention and control measures, especially during the high incidence winter-spring season, to protect oneself and family from influenza. Group 1: Influenza Overview - Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the influenza virus, primarily the H3N2 subtype in China [2] - The flu virus has four types: A, B, C, and D, with A and B being the most common in seasonal outbreaks [2] Group 2: Characteristics of Influenza - The flu typically peaks in the winter-spring season, with varying dominant strains each year, including H3N2, H1N1, and B Victoria subtypes [3] - Influenza spreads mainly through droplets from coughs and sneezes, and can survive briefly in the air [4] Group 3: Symptoms and Differences from Common Cold - Typical symptoms of influenza include fever, headache, muscle and joint pain, with temperatures reaching 39-40°C, along with sore throat, dry cough, nasal congestion, and fatigue [5] - Influenza differs from the common cold in terms of causative agents, symptoms, and seasonal patterns, with flu being more severe and often leading to complications like pneumonia in high-risk groups [6] Group 4: High-Risk Groups - High-risk groups for severe influenza include infants, pregnant women, and elderly individuals with chronic conditions such as heart or lung diseases, diabetes, or immune suppression [7] Group 5: Prevention Strategies - Annual vaccination is an effective method to prevent influenza and reduce the risk of severe complications, along with maintaining good personal hygiene and cleanliness in living and working environments [8] Group 6: Response to Symptoms - Individuals showing flu symptoms should rest at home and avoid public places until symptoms subside, and seek medical attention if experiencing severe symptoms like persistent high fever or difficulty breathing [9]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the significance of understanding influenza, its symptoms, transmission methods, and preventive measures, especially during the winter season when flu cases rise [1][3][8]. Group 1: Differences Between Influenza and Common Cold - Influenza is caused by the influenza virus, while the common cold can be caused by various viruses such as rhinoviruses and coronaviruses [5]. - Symptoms of influenza appear suddenly and are more severe, including high fever (above 38°C) lasting 3 to 5 days, while common cold symptoms develop gradually and usually involve low fever or no fever [6]. - Influenza can lead to serious complications like pneumonia and myocarditis, whereas the common cold has a low risk of complications [6][10]. Group 2: Transmission Methods - Influenza spreads primarily through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks [3]. - Contact transmission occurs when the virus is transferred from contaminated surfaces to hands and then to the face [3]. - Aerosol transmission can happen in poorly ventilated spaces, increasing the risk of infection [3]. Group 3: Prevention Strategies - Annual vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza, recommended for children over 6 months old [8]. - Good personal hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing and using masks in crowded places, are crucial for prevention [8][9]. - Maintaining a well-ventilated environment and enhancing personal immunity through a balanced diet and regular exercise are also important [8]. Group 4: Management of Influenza Symptoms - Individuals showing symptoms like fever and cough should rest and seek medical attention promptly [10]. - For children, it is advised to wait until they are symptom-free for 48 hours after fever resolution before returning to school to prevent virus transmission [10].

北京儿童医院呼吸中心主任医师 秦强：这次流感的病人又特别多，流行期就会很长，流行期间再接种 也是有意义的。接种疫苗肯定也是有保护作用的。 除了接种疫苗外，还有哪些方式可以预防？对此，专家建议采取"疫苗+卫生习惯"的双防线策略。在接 种疫苗的同时，保持良好的个人卫生习惯。如果出现身体不适，要及时就医，在医生指导下进行相应治 疗。 转载请注明央视财经 编辑：王一帆 （央视财经《正点财经》）冬季是呼吸道传染病的高发期。 目前，全国报告的托幼机构、学校流感聚 集性疫情显著增多，5—14岁病例组的流感检测阳性率明显高于其他年龄组。专家预测，在未来一段时 间内，流感活动还将进一步上升。现在还可以接种流感疫苗吗？ 专家介绍，虽然流感病毒传播已进入高发季，但现在接种疫苗也是有意义的。在未确诊的情况下出现发 热、咳嗽、咽痛等流感样症状，或已经感染过流感病毒痊愈的人群依然可以接种流感疫苗，但不建议正 处在急性发作期的患者接种。 中国疾病预防控制中心研究员 彭质斌：首先，不建议在感染的急性发病期内接种流感疫苗。需要等症 状消失，身体基本恢复后再接种。如果已经出现了流感样症状，在没有确诊、自行痊愈后，这种情况下 可以接种流感疫苗。 ...