大家都在看： 寒冬来临，气温骤降，许多人出现鼻塞、流涕等感冒症状。检查后却发现，感染的既非流感也非呼吸道 合胞病毒，而是鼻病毒。 1月7日，中国疾控中心发文提醒，门急诊流感样病例中鼻病毒检测阳性率有所上升，在南方个别省份甚 至超过呼吸道合胞病毒、仅次于流感病毒。这表明当前除流感病毒外，鼻病毒是导致呼吸道症状的主要 病原体之一。 警惕风险与就医信号 感染鼻病毒后，多数健康人群7~10天可自愈。特殊人群（婴幼儿、老人、免疫力低下者）感染后需警 惕，可能引发下呼吸道感染，或诱发哮喘、慢阻肺急性发作。 若出现持续发热超3天、精神萎靡、气促胸闷、婴幼儿脱水等情况，应及时就医。 如何科学预防鼻病毒？ 目前无鼻病毒特效药及疫苗，核心以非药物预防为主。 ▶日常预防：勤洗手（肥皂/洗手液+流动水，搓洗20秒）、常通风、减少接触患者、不共用个人物品、 家庭清洁（高频接触表面用75%酒精或含氯消毒剂进行擦拭，每日1~2次）、增强抵抗力（多吃新鲜果 蔬、规律作息避免熬夜、每周进行3次快走或慢跑等温和运动）； ▶居家护理：多休息、补水，鼻塞时可用生理盐水/海盐水喷鼻，保持室内湿度在50%~60%，低热时优 先物理降温； 鼻病毒究竟是什 ...

今天（12月19日），国家卫生健康委召开新闻发布会，介绍当前我国呼吸道传染病有关情况。当前，我 国呼吸道传染病疫情仍处于高发季节。托幼机构、中小学校等集体单位是呼吸道传染病疫情发生的高风 险场所，可以采取以下措施来降低流感疫情的发生风险： 4、做好校园环境卫生 建议学校利用课前、课间的时间做好教室通风。班级内成员出现流感或其他呼吸道症状时，增加通风换 气次数和单次通风时间。通风条件不良或条件允许时，可使用循环风空气消毒机或在无人条件下使用紫 外线灯照射进行空气消毒。发生病例时，可选择用500mg/L含氯消毒剂对接触过的物体表面进行喷洒或 擦拭消毒。 5、保证充足睡眠和户外活动时间 提高学生免疫力 建议中小学生每天综合体育活动时间应不低于2小时。综合体育活动的时间包括体育课、课间活动、课 后服务以及校外的体育活动等等。 在呼吸道传染病流行季节要切实加强对师生的健康监测，及时发现病例，并根据所在地疾控人员建议做 好班级或校园的防控工作。 3、严格做好病例管理 发现怀疑流感等呼吸道传染病病例应及时通知家长接其离校，根据病情选择居家休息或及时就医，切勿 带病上学，避免造成更多感染。 1、尽快接种流感疫苗 目前接种单位 ...

★ 去医院时，前往医疗机构就诊、陪诊、陪护、探视时； ★ 前往"密闭人多"场所时，前往环境闷、人多密集的超市、候车大厅，或乘坐公共交通工具时； 当前，多地正处于流感流行高峰期，做好个人防护，预防流感尤为重要。科学佩戴口罩可以有效预防呼吸道传染病。 哪些场景建议佩戴口罩？ ★ 自己"中招"了。出现发热、咽痛、咳嗽等流感样症状期间； ★ 去"脆弱人群集中场所"时，养老机构、社会福利机构、幼儿园等脆弱人群集中场所，外来人员进入时和公共服务人员工作期间建议佩戴口罩。 ★ "脆弱人群"出门时，老人、儿童、慢性病患者、孕妇等重点人群前往人多室内公共场所时； ★ 身边有人"不舒服"时，如果同事、同学或家人出现咳嗽、发热等呼吸道症状，和他们一起学习、生活、工作时。 （来源：北京市疾病预防控制中心） ...

Core Viewpoint - Vaccination is the most economical and effective measure to prevent respiratory infectious diseases, and individuals should choose vaccines based on their health status and contraindications [3][4] Group 1: Vaccination Recommendations - Various vaccines are available to prevent respiratory infectious diseases, including influenza, varicella, and pneumococcal vaccines, and should be selected based on health status, age, and exposure risk [3] - For children and adolescents, it is recommended to complete the national immunization program vaccines and receive the influenza vaccine annually starting from 6 months of age, along with other vaccines like pneumococcal and Hib vaccines [3] - Adults, especially healthcare workers, teachers, and those with underlying health conditions, are advised to receive the influenza vaccine annually and pneumococcal vaccine based on their health status [3] Group 2: High-Risk Groups - Chronic disease patients, such as those with diabetes, COPD, and cardiovascular diseases, should prioritize vaccination due to a higher risk of severe illness from respiratory infections [4] - The elderly population, who often have weakened immune systems and underlying conditions, are at high risk for severe illness and death from influenza and pneumonia, and it is recommended they receive both the influenza and pneumococcal vaccines annually [4]

Core Viewpoint - The National Health Commission emphasizes the importance of vaccination against respiratory infectious diseases, providing tailored recommendations for different age groups to enhance public health and prevent severe illness [1][2]. Group 1: Vaccination Recommendations for Children and Adolescents - Children and adolescents are at high risk for respiratory diseases due to their underdeveloped immune systems. It is recommended that children over 6 months of age receive the flu vaccine annually, along with completing vaccinations for pneumonia, Hib, and varicella [1]. Group 2: Vaccination Recommendations for Adults - Adults, especially healthcare workers, teachers, and those with underlying health conditions, should receive the flu vaccine annually and consider the pneumonia vaccine based on their health status. Chronic disease patients are prioritized for vaccination due to their higher risk of severe illness from respiratory infections [2]. Group 3: Vaccination Recommendations for the Elderly - The elderly population, who often have weakened immune systems and underlying health conditions, are at high risk for severe respiratory diseases. It is advised that they receive the flu vaccine annually and also consider the pneumonia vaccine to reduce the risk of pneumonia and hospitalization [2]. Group 4: Overall Vaccination Strategy - Vaccination is highlighted as the most economical and effective measure for preventing respiratory infectious diseases. The public is encouraged to consider their health status and any contraindications when deciding on vaccinations [2].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the importance of vaccination in preventing respiratory infectious diseases, with various vaccines available such as influenza, varicella, and pneumococcal vaccines [1][2] - It is recommended that children and adolescents, who are at high risk for respiratory infections, receive annual influenza vaccinations and complete other vaccinations according to the national immunization program [1] - For adults, especially healthcare workers, teachers, and those with underlying health conditions, annual influenza vaccination is advised, along with pneumococcal vaccination based on health status [1] Group 2 - The elderly population is identified as a high-risk group for severe illness and death from respiratory diseases due to decreased immunity and underlying conditions, with annual influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations recommended [2] - Overall, vaccines are highlighted as the most economical and effective measure for preventing respiratory infectious diseases, with the public encouraged to consider personal health status and vaccination contraindications [2]

Group 1 - The article discusses health recommendations for the upcoming Xiaoman solar term, emphasizing the importance of adapting to seasonal changes to prevent health issues [1] - The National Health Commission held a press conference addressing public concerns about health during this period, focusing on respiratory infections and general wellness [1] Group 2 - To prevent respiratory infectious diseases, maintaining good personal hygiene, regular handwashing, and proper ventilation are crucial [2] - Vaccination is particularly recommended for vulnerable groups such as young children, the elderly, and those with chronic illnesses [2] - Pertussis, caused by Bordetella pertussis, poses a high risk for unvaccinated infants, highlighting the need for timely vaccination [2] Group 3 - Tuberculosis, primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a significant health concern, with early detection and treatment adherence being essential [3] - Close contacts of newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients should undergo screening to prevent further spread [3] - Vaccination with BCG is advised for eligible children to enhance immunity against tuberculosis [3] Group 4 - During Xiaoman, traditional beliefs suggest avoiding cold foods to protect the body's yang energy, which can be disrupted by excessive consumption of cold items [4] - Recommended foods include those that nourish the spleen and stomach, such as coix seed and lotus seed, while spicy ingredients can help mitigate the effects of cold foods [4] - Sleep quality can be improved by maintaining a regular sleep schedule and creating a conducive sleep environment [4] Group 5 - Achieving a balance between diet and exercise is essential for maintaining a healthy weight, with recommendations for regular meal times and portion control [5] - The importance of consuming whole grains and fresh fruits while limiting sugary drinks is emphasized [5] - Misconceptions about skipping meals for weight loss are addressed, highlighting potential negative effects on metabolism [5] Group 6 - For children and adolescents, proper nutrition is critical for growth and development, with a focus on adequate protein intake and physical activity [6] - Recommendations include engaging in outdoor activities for preschoolers and ensuring at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise for older children [6]

Core Viewpoint - Recent reports indicate a slight increase in COVID-19 cases in some countries and regions, but the clinical severity of the disease has not significantly changed [1] Group 1: Public Health Recommendations - It is advised to maintain good personal hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing and ensuring proper ventilation in daily life to prevent respiratory infectious diseases [1] - Vulnerable populations, including young children, the elderly, and individuals with chronic illnesses, are recommended to receive vaccines for respiratory infectious diseases [1]