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Designer Brands(DBI) - 2026 Q1 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-06-10 13:32
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - For the first quarter of fiscal 2025, net sales were $687 million, down 8% year-over-year, with comparable sales down 7.8% [28] - Consolidated gross margin decreased by nearly 120 basis points to 43%, primarily due to increased markdowns [30] - Adjusted operating income was essentially breakeven compared to $14.7 million last year, with an adjusted net loss of $12.5 million versus a gain of $4.8 million last year [32] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - U.S. Retail segment sales were down 7.7%, with comparable sales down 7.3%, affected by lower traffic [28][9] - Canadian Retail segment sales declined 2.9%, with comparable sales down 9.2%, reflecting similar consumer sentiment challenges as in the U.S. [10][28] - Brand Portfolio segment sales were down 7.9%, but operating income grew by over 30% due to expense efficiency measures [30][12] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The first quarter saw a decline in consumer sentiment, with February being the weakest month due to unfavorable weather [6] - DSW gained 10 basis points in athleisure footwear market share during Q1, indicating some market resilience [16] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focusing on enhancing customer value, optimizing product assortments, and diversifying sourcing strategies to mitigate tariff impacts [20][21] - Plans to reestablish private label brands as margin drivers and invest in growth brands like Topo and Keds are ongoing [20][22] - The company is adapting to a volatile environment by implementing cost-cutting measures expected to save $20 million to $30 million in 2025 [8][31] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in navigating the current macroeconomic challenges while acknowledging increased uncertainty in consumer behavior [6][25] - The decision to withdraw forward-looking guidance was made due to the unpredictable environment and cautious consumer sentiment [25][34] Other Important Information - The company ended the quarter with total inventories up 0.5% year-over-year, maintaining flexibility to respond to demand [33] - Total debt outstanding was $522.9 million, with total liquidity at $171.5 million [33] Q&A Session Summary Question: Can you elaborate on the $20 million to $30 million in savings related to SG&A? - Management explained that the savings are due to a lack of bonus accrual this year and additional cuts implemented, resulting in a projected reduction in SG&A for the full year [36][38] Question: What are the expectations for the Canadian and brand portfolio performance? - Management noted that Canadian consumer sentiment mirrors that of the U.S., with Topo performing exceptionally well, growing 84% in the quarter [39][43] Question: What trends are observed in Q2 and the impact of tariffs? - Management indicated that Q2 trends are similar to Q1, with ongoing concerns about the indirect impact of tariffs on consumer sentiment [47][48] Question: How is the company planning for back-to-school and holiday inventory? - Management expressed cautious optimism for back-to-school, highlighting strong inventory management and a diversified sourcing strategy [58][60]
Designer Brands(DBI) - 2026 Q1 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-06-10 13:30
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - For the first quarter of fiscal 2025, net sales were $687 million, down 8% year-over-year, with comparable sales down 7.8% [26] - Consolidated gross margin decreased by nearly 120 basis points to 43%, primarily due to increased markdowns [28] - Adjusted operating income was essentially breakeven compared to $14.7 million last year, with an adjusted net loss of $12.5 million versus a gain of $4.8 million last year [30] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - U.S. Retail segment sales were down 7.7%, with comparable sales down 7.3%, affected by lower traffic [26] - Canadian Retail segment sales declined 2.9%, with comparable sales down 9.2%, reflecting similar consumer sentiment challenges as in the U.S. [27] - Brand Portfolio segment sales were down 7.9%, but operating income grew by over 30% due to expense efficiency measures [28] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The first quarter saw a decline in consumer sentiment, with February being the weakest month due to unfavorable weather [5] - DSW gained 10 basis points in athleisure footwear market share during Q1, indicating some market resilience [14] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focusing on enhancing customer value, optimizing product assortments, and diversifying sourcing strategies to mitigate tariff impacts [11][18] - Plans include scaling private label offerings and investing in strategic brands like Topo and Keds to drive growth [10][20] - The company has withdrawn its forward-looking guidance due to the volatile macro environment and consumer sentiment [23][32] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management acknowledged increased uncertainty in consumer behavior and a softer start to the year, leading to a decline in comparable sales [5][25] - The company is committed to disciplined execution and adapting to the current environment while focusing on long-term value creation [24][32] Other Important Information - The company is implementing expense cuts expected to deliver $20 million to $30 million in savings for fiscal 2025 [6][29] - Inventory levels were up 0.5% year-over-year, with a focus on delivering products ahead of tariff increases [31] Q&A Session Summary Question: Can you speak to the relationship between the $20 million to $30 million in savings and the anticipated increase in SG&A? - Management explained that the absence of a bonus accrual this year provided about $10 million in favorability in expenses for Q1, but a headwind of approximately $10 million is expected in Q3 due to last year's bonus reversal [35][36] Question: Can you elaborate on the performance in Canada and the brand portfolio? - Management noted that Canadian consumer sentiment mirrors that of the U.S., with Topo performing strongly, growing 84% in the quarter, while Keds faced some headwinds [38][40] Question: What are the expectations for Q2 and the impact of tariffs? - Management indicated that trends in Q2 are similar to Q1, with concerns about indirect impacts of tariffs on consumer sentiment [45][46] Question: How is the company planning for back-to-school and holiday inventory? - Management expressed cautious optimism for back-to-school, highlighting strong past performance and effective inventory management [55][57] Question: How is the company navigating tariff mitigation strategies? - Management confirmed ongoing efforts to diversify sourcing outside of China and manage pricing increases in collaboration with brand partners [61][62]
Sportsman’s Warehouse(SPWH) - 2026 Q1 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-06-03 22:00
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Net sales for Q1 2025 were $249.1 million, a 2% increase from $244.2 million in the same period last year, marking a strong start to the year [17] - Gross margin for the quarter was 30.4%, up 20 basis points from 30.2% a year ago, driven by favorable mix and rate improvements in the Fishing business [18] - SG&A expenses were $95.3 million, or 38.2% of net sales, compared to 38.6% in the prior year, reflecting continued focus on expense discipline [19] - Net loss for Q1 was $21.3 million, or negative $0.56 per diluted share, compared to a net loss of $18.1 million, or negative $0.48 per diluted share in the prior year [19] - Adjusted EBITDA for Q1 was negative $9 million, compared to negative $8.7 million in Q1 2024 [20] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Firearms unit sales increased nearly 7% year-over-year, significantly outpacing the adjusted NICS data, which declined by 5.4% [8] - Positive sales comps were achieved in most core categories, including firearms, clothing, footwear, and ammunition, which was up 3% [8] - Fishing sales were up 11%, validating the new merchandising strategy with a two-year comp stock growth of 12.3% [9] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - E-commerce business posted a positive comp, up 8% over last year, outpacing the overall business [11] - The company experienced a 12% increase in ammo unit sales during the quarter, driven by strategic pricing and inventory management [11] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focused on a turnaround plan to transform Sportsman's Warehouse for sustained profitability and growth, emphasizing inventory precision, local relevance, personal protection, and brand awareness [6][7] - A new omni-channel brand campaign is being launched to reestablish Sportsman's Warehouse as the preferred destination for outdoor gear [14] - The company aims to reduce total inventory by the end of the year while maintaining the right products in the right stores at the right time [22] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in the strategic plan despite ongoing consumer macroeconomic challenges, highlighting the unique competitive advantage of local expertise [15] - The company anticipates generating positive free cash flow and reducing debt throughout 2025 [23][24] - Full year guidance for net sales is expected to range between down 1% to up 3.5% compared to 2024, with adjusted EBITDA projected between $33 million and $45 million [24] Other Important Information - Total inventory at the end of Q1 was $412.3 million, up from $391.6 million in the same period last year, reflecting a strategic decision to pull forward inventory ahead of rising tariffs [20] - The company reduced total active SKUs by approximately 20%, simplifying the assortment and improving inventory terms [22] Q&A Session Summary Question: Can you break down comp trends by month and extend into May? - Management noted good trends in February, with a strong performance in April and positive comp for May [27][29] Question: Is the increase in sales due to foot traffic or inventory assortments? - Management indicated a mixture of better traffic trends and higher basket sizes due to improved inventory strategies [30] Question: Can you elaborate on the $20 million inventory pull forward? - The company confirmed the strategic decision to pull forward inventory to mitigate tariff impacts and ensure stock for key seasons [38] Question: Did sales mix negatively impact gross profit margin in Q1? - Management acknowledged that heavy penetration in firearms and ammo impacted gross profit margin [39] Question: What are the thoughts on debt repayment this year? - Management expressed confidence in generating positive free cash flow to apply towards debt repayment [43] Question: What is the expected impact of tariffs on the P&L? - Management indicated that the pull forward in inventory may mitigate tariff impacts until at least the third quarter [50] Question: What is driving the outperformance relative to the industry? - The company is significantly outperforming NICS on a unit basis, driven by strategic inventory management and customer value [53]
Citi Trends(CTRN) - 2026 Q1 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-06-03 14:02
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Total sales grew by $15.4 million or 8.3% year-over-year, reaching $201.7 million [24] - Adjusted EBITDA increased by $6.2 million, with a sales to profit flow-through of 40% [4][26] - Gross margin expanded by 90 basis points to 39.6%, driven by higher initial markup and lower freight costs [25] - Adjusted SG&A expenses totaled $74.4 million, representing 36.9% of revenue, a decrease from 39.1% in the prior year [25] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Comparable store sales increased by 9.9%, with a two-year stack of 13% [24] - Strong performance across all apparel and home categories, with many categories experiencing double-digit growth [9][10] - The plus-size business showed meaningful improvement, while the accessory business was slightly below plan [10][11] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Sales growth was consistent across climate zones and store volumes, indicating broad-based strength [24] - Average in-store inventories decreased by approximately 5%, reflecting disciplined inventory management [13] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is in a three-phase strategic transformation: repair, execute, and optimize [5][8] - Focus on enhancing product offerings, particularly in plus sizes and big men's apparel, while also improving trend relevancy in juniors and young men's categories [11][56] - Plans to open up to five new stores and remodel approximately 50 locations in the year [31] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in the turnaround plan and updated the full-year outlook for comparable store sales growth to mid-single digits [28] - The company is navigating challenges related to tariffs but sees opportunities in the current market environment [21][22] - Management emphasized the importance of maintaining a focus on core customers and delivering compelling product value [34] Other Important Information - The company ended the quarter with no debt and $42 million in cash, maintaining a strong financial position [27] - A new AI-based allocation system is being tested, with plans for a full rollout following the back-to-school season [16] Q&A Session Summary Question: Can you elaborate on the merchandising and closeout strategy? - The company is focusing on both end-of-season closeouts and in-season extreme value products, aiming for a long-term goal of 10% top-line growth from extreme value offerings [38][41][44] Question: Why is the full-year guidance below current comp trends? - The company is facing tougher comparisons in the back half of the year and is being cautious in forecasting due to macroeconomic uncertainties [46][48] Question: Can you provide insights on specific category performance? - All categories performed well in Q1, with particular emphasis on plus sizes and big men's apparel for future growth [52][56]
Dollar General Stock Is Up More Than 30% in 2025. Time to Buy?
The Motley Fool· 2025-06-01 09:03
Core Viewpoint - Dollar General's stock has experienced significant volatility, with a 45% drop in 2023 and a further 44% decline in 2024, but has shown a recovery with a 31% increase year-to-date in 2025, making it one of the best performers in the S&P 500 [1] Financial Performance - Dollar General's earnings per share (EPS) have seen a sharp decline, with a 53% drop year-over-year in Q4 and a 32% decline for the full fiscal year [4][5] - The company reported diluted EPS of $5.11 for fiscal 2024, down from $10.68 in fiscal 2022, but management expects EPS to stabilize in fiscal 2025 with a forecast of $5.10 to $5.80, indicating potential growth of nearly 14% in a best-case scenario [13] Inventory Issues - A significant factor in the decline of profits has been the excessive inventory levels, which led to increased theft, damage to merchandise, and the need for discounts to clear stock [7][9] - Management has been addressing inventory issues, with theft decreasing and inventory levels approaching expected trends [10] Store Closures and One-Time Expenses - The sharp decline in Q4 profits was partly due to one-time expenses associated with closing underperforming stores, which would have otherwise resulted in relatively stable profits year-over-year [11] Economic Context - Despite high sales figures, the shift towards lower-margin food products due to economic pressures may limit profit potential [14] - Operational improvements are expected to enhance profits in the coming years, with additional growth anticipated once the economy improves [15] Valuation and Investment Potential - Dollar General's stock is currently trading at its lowest price-to-sales (P/S) valuation ever, suggesting it is undervalued relative to its profit potential [15] - If management can maintain control over past issues, the stock presents a buying opportunity as it is positioned for steady improvements [17]
Caleres(CAL) - 2026 Q1 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-05-29 15:00
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company reported adjusted earnings per share of $0.22, with first quarter sales declining 6.8% year over year [8][26] - Consolidated gross margin was 45.4%, down 150 basis points compared to last year, driven by lower margins in both segments [26] - Operating earnings were $12.2 million, with an operating margin of 2% [28] Business Segment Data and Key Metrics Changes - Brand Portfolio sales declined 6.9%, while Famous Footwear sales were down 6.3% with comparable sales down 4.6% [20][26] - The Brand Portfolio gross margin was 43.8%, down 280 basis points due to lower initial margins and higher markdown reserves [26] - Famous gross margin was 45.3%, down 80 basis points due to increased promotional days and higher freight costs [26] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company gained market share in women's fashion footwear despite overall sales declines [11] - Famous Footwear saw a 0.5 point market share gain in the kids category, with kids penetration at 21% [21] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focused on controlling costs, optimizing sourcing strategies, and reducing SG&A expenses by $15 million annually [7][34] - The planned acquisition of Stuart Weitzman is seen as a strategic fit, enhancing the company's premium positioning and direct-to-consumer presence [18][19] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management acknowledged a challenging operating environment and emphasized the need to drive growth and profitability [6][7] - The company is cautiously optimistic about back-to-school sales and believes it is well-positioned to gain market share [24][40] Other Important Information - Inventory levels increased by 8.1% year over year, with a significant build for the Jordan brand launch [30] - Cash flow from operations was negative $5.7 million due to lower net income and higher inventory levels [30] Q&A Session Summary Question: How are you thinking about the prices of your portfolio brands moving into the summer and fall? - The company is making selective price increases and managing them in real-time with key partners [38][39] Question: Do you see the weaker brand portfolio brands being restructured or exited? - The company is reviewing its brand portfolio but has no immediate plans for restructuring [40] Question: Is Famous Footwear prepared for back-to-school? - The company is in a good position for back-to-school with no major cancellations reported [41] Question: What adjustments are being made for the $15 million in strategic expense cuts? - The reductions are permanent and structural, expected to begin in the third quarter [43][44] Question: Can you provide more context on the Jordan launch? - The Jordan launch is new, and while initial trends are encouraging, significant marketing will ramp up closer to back-to-school [46][57] Question: How are tariffs impacting your plans? - The company is currently maintaining its sourcing strategy and will adjust as necessary based on tariff developments [48][49] Question: How should we think about inventory reserves and customer credit issues moving forward? - The company believes it has adequately reserved for inventory markdowns and is closely monitoring customer credit ratings [62]
Destination XL (DXLG) - 2026 Q1 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-05-29 14:02
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Net sales for the first quarter were $105.5 million, down from $115.5 million in the same quarter last year, primarily due to a 9.4% decline in comparable sales [37][38] - Gross margin rate decreased to 45.1% from 48.2% year-over-year, with a 280 basis point increase in occupancy costs and a 30 basis point decrease in merchandise margins [38] - EBITDA for the quarter was $100,000, a significant drop from $8.2 million in the first quarter of the previous year [40] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Comparable store sales decreased by 6.6% for physical stores and 16.2% for direct sales, with improvements noted in monthly performance [12][37] - The sales penetration of private label brands increased from 55% to 57%, indicating a shift towards lower-priced merchandise that generates higher margins [15] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The overall economic environment remains challenging, with consumers tightening their spending, particularly on discretionary items [13] - Traffic to stores accounted for approximately 90% of the comparable sales decline, highlighting the need for improved brand awareness [20] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company aims to stabilize its business and return to growth by focusing on customer engagement, cost control, and prudent capital investment [11] - New store openings are being paused to focus on stabilizing the core business, with plans to open four more stores later this year [21][22] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed optimism about gradual improvements in comparable sales, projecting a return to positive growth in the second half of the year [6] - The impact of tariffs is being closely monitored, with an estimated cost increase of less than $2 million for the year if current policies remain unchanged [7][8] Other Important Information - The company has launched several initiatives, including the Heroes Discount program and the FinExchange, aimed at enhancing customer engagement and driving sales [24][26] - The introduction of the FITMAP technology is expected to redefine the retail experience for big and tall consumers, with plans for further expansion [33][35] Q&A Session Summary Question: Is there any update on the company's growth strategies? - Management reiterated their commitment to stabilizing the business and focusing on customer engagement and cost control, with plans for future growth once stability is achieved [11][21] Question: How is the company addressing the impact of tariffs? - The company is actively working with vendors to mitigate tariff impacts and has not yet implemented price increases, assessing market conditions carefully [7][8]
Destination XL (DXLG) - 2026 Q1 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-05-29 14:00
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Net sales for Q1 2025 were $105.5 million, down from $115.5 million in Q1 2024, primarily due to a 9.4% decline in comparable sales, partially offset by new store sales [36] - Gross margin rate decreased to 45.1% from 48.2% in the previous year, driven by increased occupancy costs and markdown rates [37] - EBITDA for the quarter was $100,000, a significant drop from $8.2 million in Q1 2024, reflecting the impact of lower sales [40] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Comparable store sales decreased by 6.6% for physical stores and 16.2% for direct sales, with improvements noted in monthly performance [12] - The sales penetration of private label brands increased from 55% to 57%, indicating a shift towards lower-priced merchandise that generates higher margins [15] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company observed a decline in customer traffic, which accounted for approximately 90% of the comparable sales decline [20] - The impact of tariffs is estimated to add less than $2 million or approximately 40 basis points to costs for the year, with ongoing efforts to mitigate this impact [6] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The strategic focus for 2025 is to stabilize the business and return to growth by enhancing customer engagement and controlling costs [11] - New store openings are planned to pause after reaching a total of 18 stores, allowing the company to focus on stabilizing core operations [21] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management noted that the current economic environment is challenging, with consumers being cautious about discretionary spending [13] - There is optimism for gradual improvement in comparable sales throughout 2025, with expectations of returning to positive growth in the second half of the year [5] Other Important Information - The company has launched several initiatives, including the Heroes Discount program and the FinExchange, aimed at increasing customer engagement and driving sales [24][25] - The introduction of the FITMAP technology aims to enhance the shopping experience for big and tall consumers, with plans to expand its implementation [34] Q&A Session Summary Question: What are the expectations for future sales growth? - Management expressed optimism for gradual improvement in comparable sales, expecting a return to positive growth in the second half of the year [5] Question: How is the company addressing the impact of tariffs? - The company is actively working with vendors to mitigate tariff impacts and has not yet implemented price increases [6][8]
A&F(ANF) - 2026 Q1 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-05-28 13:32
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company reported record net sales of $1,100,000,000 for the first quarter, representing an 8% increase compared to the previous year, exceeding the expected range of 4% to 6% [7][16] - Operating margin was 9.3%, with earnings per share of $1.59, both above the ranges provided earlier [8][18] - The company returned $200,000,000 to shareholders through share repurchases, totaling 5% of shares outstanding as of the beginning of the year [8][19] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Hollister brand achieved a 22% net sales growth, with comparable sales up 23%, marking the eighth consecutive quarter of growth [9][10] - Abercrombie brand experienced a 4% net sales decline, with comparable sales down 10%, primarily due to a decline in average unit retail (AUR) as the company worked through winter carryover inventory [11][17] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The Americas region saw a 7% growth, while EMEA grew by 12% and APAC by 5% [9][16] - In EMEA, strong performance was noted in the UK and Germany, with digital demand complementing the positive reception of new store openings [9][10] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company aims to add around 100 new physical experiences in total for the year, including 60 new stores and 40 remodels, while planning to be net store openers [15][22] - The focus remains on global growth, with an emphasis on marketing, technology, and new channel partnerships to strengthen brand reach [14][20] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in achieving sequential improvement in Abercrombie's sales in the second half of the year, driven by a flexible operating model that allows for quick adjustments based on customer feedback [12][40] - The company anticipates a full-year net sales growth of 3% to 6%, with operating margins expected to be in the range of 12.5% to 13.5% [21][22] Other Important Information - The company is not planning broad-based ticket price increases despite anticipated tariff impacts, which are expected to cost around $50,000,000 for 2025 [20][21] - The tax rate for the quarter was in line with expectations at 25%, with a forecasted tax rate around 27% for the full year [18][21] Q&A Session Summary Question: Insights on Hollister and Abercrombie's outlook - Management highlighted the flexibility of their model in responding to customer trends, with expectations for Abercrombie to see an inflection in the back half of the year [28][40] Question: Real estate strategy and store openings - The company plans to close 20 stores this year, down from 40 last year, due to successful landlord negotiations and opportunities to maintain store productivity [32][33] Question: Full-year sales outlook and confidence - Management expressed confidence in the higher end of the sales guidance due to strong balance sheet and ongoing investments in marketing and technology [36][38] Question: Traffic and inventory management - Positive traffic was reported for both Abercrombie and Hollister, with management indicating that carryover inventory levels are normalized compared to previous years [44][45] Question: Gross margin expectations - Management expects sequential improvement in gross margins as they work through freight and carryover pressures, with flat AURs anticipated for the second quarter [48][88] Question: Promotions and inventory growth - Promotions will be aligned with inventory levels and customer demand, with expectations for fewer promotions in the back half of the year as inventory normalizes [92][95] Question: Growth expectations in Europe and Asia - Management confirmed expectations for growth across all regions, with strong performance noted in the UK and Germany [96][98]
American Eagle shares plunge 17% after it withdraws guidance, writes off $75 million in inventory
CNBC· 2025-05-13 21:07
Core Viewpoint - American Eagle is facing significant challenges, including a $75 million write-off of spring and summer merchandise, slow sales, and has withdrawn its full-year guidance due to an uncertain economic environment [1][6]. Financial Performance - The company expects first-quarter revenue to be approximately $1.1 billion, reflecting a decline of about 5% year-over-year [2]. - Comparable sales are anticipated to drop by 3%, with a notable 4% decline expected in the intimates brand Aerie [2]. - An operating loss of around $85 million is projected, with an adjusted operating loss of about $68 million for the quarter, attributed to higher-than-planned discounting and the $75 million inventory charge [4]. Management Commentary - CEO Jay Schottenstein expressed disappointment with the company's execution in the first quarter, citing ineffective merchandising strategies that led to increased promotions and excess inventory [5]. - The company has entered the second quarter with inventory better aligned to sales trends and is actively evaluating forward plans to strengthen product performance [6]. Market Conditions - The company has withdrawn its fiscal 2025 guidance due to macroeconomic uncertainty and is reviewing its forward plans in light of first-quarter results [6]. - There is uncertainty regarding the impact of recent tariff policy changes on American Eagle's operations [6].