智通财经APP获悉，据报道，分析人士表示，美国总统特朗普提出对所有进入美国的芯片征收约100% 的关税、但对在美生产芯片的企业给予豁免的计划不太可能推动芯片制造业大规模回流美国。 一方面，台积电(TSM.US)等行业巨头已经在投入数十亿美元在美国建设工厂，部分原因是早前的政府 补贴。相关的这些项目将有资格获得豁免，从而减少了这些企业进一步扩产的新动力。 另一方面，高昂的生产成本仍是一大障碍。例如，台积电估计，其美国业务的毛利率将下降2—3个百分 点，且所生产的芯片为相较于中国台湾工厂的旧一代产品。 虽然关税可能会推动更广泛的本土制造，但业内观察人士认为，美国芯片投资的驱动力仍将更多来自 《芯片与科学法案》(Chips Act)补贴、税收优惠、供应链韧性以及地缘政治考量，而非关税政策本身。 有专家指出，这些关税可能对依赖进口零部件的电子企业影响更大。例如，苹果(AAPL.US)已经通过承 诺在美国投资6000亿美元(其中大部分与芯片制造无关)避免了新增成本。 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the challenges faced by semiconductor companies in the U.S. due to local opposition and regulatory delays, impacting the construction and operation of new facilities funded by the CHIPS Act. Group 1: Company-Specific Challenges - Amkor's $2 billion chip packaging plant in Peoria, Arizona, faces local resistance due to concerns over water resources and traffic congestion, with residents threatening legal action [2] - Micron's $100 billion DRAM production facility in Clay, New York, has encountered delays in environmental assessments, pushing back the construction timeline originally set for 2024 [3][4] - Micron's facility is expected to be the largest semiconductor plant in the U.S., with a total cleanroom area of 600,000 square feet, but delays could result in significant financial losses of $5 million per day [3] Group 2: Industry Context and Geopolitical Factors - The semiconductor trade, valued at $600 billion, has become a focal point in global discussions on security and economic dominance, with the supply chain being particularly vulnerable due to geopolitical tensions [5] - The U.S. semiconductor strategy has shifted under different administrations, with Biden focusing on investment-driven policies and Trump emphasizing tariffs, leading to contrasting impacts on the industry [7][8] - Chris Miller, a historian and expert on semiconductor trade, highlights the importance of the CHIPS Act in mitigating risks associated with reliance on Taiwanese chip manufacturing, while noting that China's advancements in manufacturing pose ongoing challenges [6][7] Group 3: Future Outlook - The success of Micron's plans to produce 40% of DRAM in the U.S. by the mid-2030s is uncertain due to current project delays [4] - The article emphasizes the need for careful consideration of export controls on advanced semiconductors, as these are critical to maintaining U.S. technological leadership [10]