近期，中国有色矿业集团在赞比亚的运营项目因环境泄漏问题陷入争议。事件发生后，企业虽迅速响应并配合整改，中赞两国政府也通过对话积极协调，但 随后却有当地农民团体提出数额高达800亿美元的巨额赔偿要求，远超常规尺度，使得事件陡然复杂化。 这一极端案例，折射出中企在非洲运营所面临的普遍性挑战。为何当地政府与民间的反应会出现如此显著的温差？赞比亚乃至非洲整体的营商环境与政治社 会情况如何？对于"中企在非洲易受欺负"的负面舆论，又该如何看待？近期中国对非出口的显著增长，其背后的真正驱动力是什么？ 对此，观察者网特邀清华大学国际关系学系系主任唐晓阳，系统性剖析中企出海非洲的机遇与挑战。 【对话/观察者网 郑乐欢】 · 稳中存忧的赞比亚政局 观察者网：近期，中国有色矿业在赞比亚的运营项目因环境泄漏问题引发当地污染争议。事件发生后，中企迅速响应并配合整改，赞比亚政府与中国政府也 通过对话积极协调后续工作。然而，近日有报道称，百余名当地农民集体提出高达800亿美元的赔偿要求，这一数额远超事件常规赔偿尺度。为何赞比亚政 府与民间对此事的反应出现显著差异？ 唐晓阳：这主要是因为非洲国家的政治体制相对复杂，党派选举等因素为不同势力施 ...

Core Viewpoint - The recent environmental leakage incident involving China Nonferrous Mining Group in Zambia has sparked significant controversy, leading to an unprecedented compensation claim of $80 billion from local farmers, highlighting the challenges faced by Chinese enterprises operating in Africa [1][2][3] Group 1: Incident Overview - The environmental leakage issue has prompted a swift response from the company and cooperation with local authorities, yet the compensation demand far exceeds typical claims, complicating the situation [1][2] - The disparity in reactions between the Zambian government and local communities can be attributed to the complex political landscape and upcoming elections, where opposition parties may leverage such incidents to criticize the ruling party [2][3] Group 2: Zambian Business Environment - Zambia's business environment is relatively stable compared to other African nations, with a history of political stability and no major wars since independence [3][4] - The political landscape is characterized by a division between the current ruling party and opposition factions, which may influence public sentiment and reactions to foreign investments [3][4] Group 3: Risks for Chinese Enterprises - Security risks remain a primary concern for Chinese companies in Africa, including potential regime changes, kidnappings, and terrorism, which can disrupt operations [8][9] - Other operational risks include petty crime, corruption, and inadequate infrastructure, which can severely impact project execution and safety [8][9] Group 4: Trade Dynamics - China's exports to Africa have seen a significant increase, with a 25.9% year-on-year growth in the first eight months of 2025, surpassing $122 billion, indicating a strong focus on the African market [17][18] - The growth in exports is primarily driven by local market development rather than as a result of "transshipment trade" due to U.S.-China trade tensions [18][20] Group 5: Future Opportunities and Challenges - The systematic advancement of industrialization and infrastructure development is a strong point in China-Africa cooperation, with a focus on creating a comprehensive industrial ecosystem [21][22] - However, there are still significant gaps in mutual understanding and cultural exchange between Chinese and African entities, which need to be addressed for sustainable cooperation [22][24]