Core Viewpoint - Vietnam's population will continue to grow over the next few decades, but the growth rate will gradually slow down, with a peak expected around 2059, after which it will enter a phase of slow growth or stabilization [1] Group 1: Population Growth and Projections - Vietnam's population is projected to increase by 2.5%, 12.7%, and 17.0% under low, medium, and high fertility scenarios, respectively, reaching approximately 103.9 million, 114.2 million, and 118.5 million by 2074 [1] - The "golden demographic structure period," characterized by a labor force population (ages 15-64) to dependent population (ages under 15 and over 65) ratio of about 2:1, will end in 2036, three years earlier than previously predicted [2] Group 2: Aging Population and Societal Implications - Vietnam is entering an aging process, with projections indicating that it will become an "aging society" by 2034, when the population aged 65 and above will account for 14% [2] - The aging phase is expected to last approximately 15 years (2034-2049), followed by a "super-aged society" from 2050 to 2074, where the population aged 65 and above will exceed 21% [2] Group 3: Recommendations for Economic Growth - The report emphasizes the importance of leveraging the advantages of the golden demographic structure in the next decade, as it significantly impacts economic growth and national competitiveness [2] - It suggests prioritizing workforce skills training, particularly in digital skills, vocational skills, and technical adaptability, to address the rapid digital transformation [2] - Improving labor productivity, working conditions, and creating a favorable employment environment are also recommended to support economic development [2] Group 4: Societal Challenges - The report highlights the long-standing issue of imbalanced sex ratios at birth and notes that domestic population movement remains a significant factor affecting regional population distribution, reflecting disparities in development conditions and labor attraction capabilities [3]

Core Viewpoint - The Vietnamese National Assembly Standing Committee has passed an amendment to Article 10 of the Population Law, allowing couples and individuals to autonomously decide on childbirth timing, number of children, and spacing based on various personal factors, effective immediately [1] Summary by Relevant Categories Legislative Changes - The amendment to Article 10 of the Population Law enables couples and individuals to make reproductive decisions based on equality principles, considering factors such as age, health, education, work nature, income level, and parenting ability [1] Demographic Projections - Vietnam's "golden population period" is expected to end in 2039, with the working-age population projected to peak in 2042, followed by a decline in population growth after 2054 [1]