把猪器官移植到猕猴甚至人体内，听起来是天方夜谭，但作为5年前"冷启动"的热土，异种器官移植在 2025年取得的突破，比过去100年都多。 一枚基因编辑猪肾，在美国大叔蒂姆·安德鲁斯（Tim Andrews）的体内正常工作了近9个月，刷新了全 球猪肾移植患者的存活纪录。但在今年10月23日，因为移植肾功能衰退，这枚猪肾被摘除，安德鲁斯恢 复透析，纪录也定格在271天。 不过，华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院器官移植外科主任医师、长江学者特聘教授、国内器官移 植领域权威专家陈忠华，却从历史长河中翻出一个有趣的案例：1964年，一位美国女教师接受黑猩猩肾 脏移植后，存活了近9个月（269天），仅比此次美国猪肾移植患者创下的最新存活纪录（271天）少两 天。 视觉中国图 也就是说，经过60多年的努力，异种器官移植到人类体内的存活纪录仅提高了两天。对比人工心脏取得 的实质性进步，异种器官移植所做的努力是否还远远不够？ "绝对不是。"近日，陈忠华在接受《每日经济新闻》记者（以下简称NBD）专访时表示，"我们不会把 它（指全球猪肾移植最长纪录保持者摘除猪肾）定义为失败，而是一个新的里程碑。" 两天之差的本质：基因编辑与免 ...

Core Insights - The field of xenotransplantation has made significant advancements in 2025, surpassing breakthroughs achieved in the past century, particularly highlighted by the case of a genetically edited pig kidney functioning in a human for 271 days [1][2] - The comparison between the recent pig kidney transplant and a historical chimpanzee kidney transplant reveals only a marginal improvement in survival time, raising questions about the progress in xenotransplantation compared to other medical advancements like artificial hearts [1][5] Summary by Sections Historical Context - The longest survival record for a kidney transplant from a chimpanzee was set in 1964, lasting 269 days, while the recent pig kidney transplant extended this record to 271 days [2][5] - The historical context shows that despite over 60 years of research, the improvement in survival time for xenotransplantation has been minimal when compared to advancements in other areas of organ transplantation [1][5] Technological Advancements - The recent case of Tim Andrews demonstrates the potential of genetically edited pig kidneys, which have been modified to enhance compatibility with human immune systems [1][9] - The use of modern immunosuppressive therapies has allowed for longer survival times in xenotransplantation, indicating progress in managing immune rejection [6][10] Challenges and Limitations - The field faces significant challenges, including the need for more effective immunosuppressive drugs specifically designed for xenotransplantation, as current medications are primarily developed for same-species transplants [15][17] - The approval process for clinical trials in xenotransplantation varies significantly between countries, with the U.S. having a more structured approach compared to China's relatively unregulated environment [17] Future Prospects - The potential for xenotransplantation to provide a sustainable source of organs is promising, especially given the increasing demand for organ transplants and the shortage of human donors [10][18] - The development of artificial organs, particularly artificial hearts, is advancing rapidly, which may create competition for xenotransplantation in the future [18][22] Ethical and Practical Considerations - Ethical concerns regarding the use of primate organs have shifted the focus to pigs, which are more practical for large-scale organ production and genetic modification [9][19] - The complexity of developing artificial kidneys and livers remains a significant barrier, with current technologies not yet capable of producing viable implantable organs [22][23]