【现象】 如今，银杏在一些城市很常见，为何仍处于濒危等级？实际上，濒危的是"野生银杏"而非"景观银杏"， 前者种群数量稀少，后者基因相同或相近，依靠它们无法增加银杏的基因多样性。这反映出种质资源多 样性的重要意义。 【点评】 种质资源，是指携带生物遗传信息且具有实际或潜在利用价值的载体。"种质"就是"种子"吗？实际上， 二者不能画等号。 就拿农作物种质资源来说，其涵盖农作物的栽培种、野生种和濒危稀有种的繁殖材料等，形态不仅有果 实、籽粒，还有苗、根、茎、叶、芽、花，同时还包括组织、细胞和DNA、DNA片段及基因等有生命 的物质材料。可见，种质资源的范畴比种子大得多。种业是农业的"芯片"，种质资源的重要性不可小 视。 作为种业创新的源头和基础，种质资源在粮食安全领域的地位分外凸显。"杂交水稻之父"袁隆平在创 立"三系杂交水稻"技术时，需要运用雄性不育系、保持系、恢复系3种不同功能的水稻亲本配合实现杂 交育种。得益于1970 年在海南发现的雄性不育野生稻"野败"，我国杂交水稻发展才掀开崭新一页。 1979年，李振声院士牵头的课题组经过20多年攻关育成小麦新品种"小偃6号"，其凭借有效抵抗小麦条 锈病、产量高、品质 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of germplasm resources in agriculture, highlighting that while Ginkgo trees are common in urban areas, wild Ginkgo is endangered, reflecting the need for genetic diversity in crop breeding [1] Group 1: Importance of Germplasm Resources - Germplasm resources are essential for agricultural innovation and food security, encompassing not just seeds but also various plant parts and genetic materials [1][2] - Significant agricultural breakthroughs in China, such as hybrid rice and new wheat varieties, are closely linked to the discovery and utilization of key germplasm resources [2] Group 2: Current Status and Challenges - China is a major germplasm resource country but still faces challenges in precise identification and utilization, with only 35% of germplasm resources phenotypically identified, falling short of the 60% target for 2030 [3] - There is a need for focused efforts to improve germplasm resource identification, collection, protection, and sharing to enhance agricultural development [3] Group 3: Future Directions - The integration of biotechnology and artificial intelligence in breeding innovation is crucial for developing new crop varieties and enhancing productivity [3] - Strengthening the collection, protection, and utilization of germplasm resources is vital for ensuring food security and addressing various risks in agriculture [3]

Core Viewpoint - The seed industry revitalization action has achieved its phased goals over the past five years, significantly enhancing China's seed source security and technological innovation, positioning it among the world's leading nations in seed technology [2][5]. Group 1: Achievements and Progress - High-quality "Chinese seeds" such as disease-resistant wheat and rice have been developed, contributing to the country's agricultural self-sufficiency [2][4]. - The area of independently bred crop varieties has reached over 95%, with domestic seed sources for livestock and aquaculture exceeding 80% and 85% respectively [5]. - Major research platforms and projects have been established, including 20 significant laboratories and innovation centers, enhancing the foundation for breeding innovation [4][5]. Group 2: Technological Advancements - The introduction of intelligent breeding platforms has improved breeding efficiency by over 60%, leading to the development of high-yield rice varieties [4]. - The use of advanced agricultural practices, such as AI-driven breeding and precise environmental simulations, has been emphasized to enhance crop resilience and yield [6][8]. Group 3: Future Directions and Challenges - The next five years are critical for achieving significant breakthroughs in the seed industry, focusing on the protection and utilization of genetic resources [9]. - There is a need to address the challenges of resource utilization and the homogeneity of seed varieties, with an emphasis on innovative breeding techniques [8][9]. - The industry aims to consolidate its advantages while overcoming bottlenecks and enhancing the quality and diversity of seed varieties [10][11].