【现象】 如今，银杏在一些城市很常见，为何仍处于濒危等级？实际上，濒危的是"野生银杏"而非"景观银杏"， 前者种群数量稀少，后者基因相同或相近，依靠它们无法增加银杏的基因多样性。这反映出种质资源多 样性的重要意义。 【点评】 种质资源，是指携带生物遗传信息且具有实际或潜在利用价值的载体。"种质"就是"种子"吗？实际上， 二者不能画等号。 就拿农作物种质资源来说，其涵盖农作物的栽培种、野生种和濒危稀有种的繁殖材料等，形态不仅有果 实、籽粒，还有苗、根、茎、叶、芽、花，同时还包括组织、细胞和DNA、DNA片段及基因等有生命 的物质材料。可见，种质资源的范畴比种子大得多。种业是农业的"芯片"，种质资源的重要性不可小 视。 作为种业创新的源头和基础，种质资源在粮食安全领域的地位分外凸显。"杂交水稻之父"袁隆平在创 立"三系杂交水稻"技术时，需要运用雄性不育系、保持系、恢复系3种不同功能的水稻亲本配合实现杂 交育种。得益于1970 年在海南发现的雄性不育野生稻"野败"，我国杂交水稻发展才掀开崭新一页。 1979年，李振声院士牵头的课题组经过20多年攻关育成小麦新品种"小偃6号"，其凭借有效抵抗小麦条 锈病、产量高、品质 ...

Group 1 - The core issue is the distinction between wild ginkgo, which is endangered, and landscape ginkgo, which lacks genetic diversity despite being common in cities [1] - Germplasm resources are crucial for agriculture, encompassing not just seeds but also various plant parts and genetic materials, highlighting their broader significance [1] - The importance of germplasm resources is underscored as they are foundational to agricultural innovation and food security [2] Group 2 - China is a major germplasm resource country but still faces challenges in precise identification and the development of breakthrough varieties [3] - Current phenotypic identification of germplasm resources in China is only 35%, with a target of 60% by 2030, indicating a significant gap [3] - The integration of artificial intelligence in breeding innovation is essential for enhancing the breeding system and accelerating the development of new varieties [3]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of germplasm resources in agriculture, highlighting that while Ginkgo trees are common in urban areas, wild Ginkgo is endangered, reflecting the need for genetic diversity in crop breeding [1] Group 1: Importance of Germplasm Resources - Germplasm resources are essential for agricultural innovation and food security, encompassing not just seeds but also various plant parts and genetic materials [1][2] - Significant agricultural breakthroughs in China, such as hybrid rice and new wheat varieties, are closely linked to the discovery and utilization of key germplasm resources [2] Group 2: Current Status and Challenges - China is a major germplasm resource country but still faces challenges in precise identification and utilization, with only 35% of germplasm resources phenotypically identified, falling short of the 60% target for 2030 [3] - There is a need for focused efforts to improve germplasm resource identification, collection, protection, and sharing to enhance agricultural development [3] Group 3: Future Directions - The integration of biotechnology and artificial intelligence in breeding innovation is crucial for developing new crop varieties and enhancing productivity [3] - Strengthening the collection, protection, and utilization of germplasm resources is vital for ensuring food security and addressing various risks in agriculture [3]

Core Viewpoint - The establishment of the world's largest barley germplasm resource base in Linzhou County, Lhasa, Tibet, is crucial for preserving diverse strains of barley, which are essential for food security and agricultural resilience in the region [2][25]. Group 1: Importance of Barley - Barley, specifically highland barley, is a traditional staple food for the Tibetan people and is vital for food security in Tibet due to its adaptability to extreme high-altitude climates [4]. - The diverse strains of barley serve as a "genetic bank," providing potential resistance to diseases and ensuring food supply stability in case of agricultural crises [2]. Group 2: Research and Development - The germplasm resource base contains over 4,000 varieties of barley, which are essential for breeding programs aimed at improving crop resilience and yield [2][25]. - The barley yield in Tibet has significantly increased from less than 200 jin per mu (approximately 100 kg) in the early days of liberation to 700-800 jin per mu (approximately 350-400 kg) today, with 80%-90% of the area covered by improved varieties [24]. Group 3: Personal Journey of Researchers - Dawa Tonzhu, a key researcher, was inspired by his mentors and the historical contributions of earlier scientists in the field of barley research, leading him to pursue advanced studies and contribute to the development of new barley varieties [10][27]. - The late Nima Zhashi, a prominent figure in Tibetan barley research, played a crucial role in supporting Dawa Tonzhu's education and career, emphasizing the importance of fieldwork and farmer engagement in agricultural research [12][22]. Group 4: Future Directions - The ongoing efforts to breed new barley varieties and promote agricultural technology are vital for enhancing the productivity and sustainability of barley farming in Tibet [25][27]. - The research community aims to leverage the genetic diversity preserved in the germplasm resource base to develop improved barley strains that can meet the challenges posed by climate change and agricultural diseases [27].

Core Viewpoint - The establishment of the world's largest barley germplasm resource base in Linzhou County, Lhasa, Tibet, is crucial for agricultural biodiversity and food security, particularly for the local population who rely heavily on barley as a staple food and currency [1][3][5]. Group 1: Importance of Barley - Barley, specifically Qiang barley, is essential for the Tibetan people, serving as both food and a medium of exchange for other goods like butter and meat [5]. - The genetic diversity of over 4,000 barley varieties is vital for resilience against potential agricultural crises, such as plant diseases [1][3]. Group 2: Research and Development - The germplasm resource base was developed under the leadership of Dawa Tonzhu, who emphasized the importance of maintaining diverse barley varieties for future breeding efforts [1][24]. - The yield of barley in Tibet has significantly improved, with production per mu increasing from less than 200 jin to 700-800 jin, and the coverage of improved varieties reaching 80%-90% [23]. Group 3: Personal Journey of Dawa Tonzhu - Dawa Tonzhu's journey from a student with financial difficulties to a leading researcher in barley cultivation highlights the importance of mentorship and support in agricultural science [9][11]. - His experiences in the field have shaped his understanding of agricultural challenges and the need for practical solutions that directly benefit local farmers [19][24]. Group 4: Legacy and Future Directions - The passing of his mentor, Nima Zhaxi, marked a significant moment, yet Dawa Tonzhu continues to advance barley research and development, ensuring the legacy of scientific inquiry and agricultural improvement in Tibet [21][24]. - The focus remains on utilizing the rich genetic resources available to develop new barley varieties that can meet the evolving needs of the agricultural sector [29][30].

Core Viewpoint - The tea industry in Wuyishan, Fujian, is experiencing a revival due to traditional production techniques and vibrant tea tourism activities, which are boosting the local economy and consumption [1][3]. Group 1: Economic Impact - The integration of tea culture with tourism in Wuyishan has significantly enhanced local economic activities, attracting both domestic and international tourists [3][4]. - The total output value of the tea industry chain in Wuyishan has reached 15 billion yuan [6]. Group 2: Cultural Significance - The "Shouting Mountain Tea Festival" is an ancient custom dating back over a thousand years, celebrated annually during the tea picking season to symbolize good weather and a bountiful harvest [4]. - Wuyishan's tea culture is deeply embedded in various aspects of local life, including dining, accommodation, transportation, and shopping, reinforcing the foundation for rural revitalization [6]. Group 3: Resource Management - Wuyishan has established a large ecological tea tree germplasm resource bank, preserving 3,290 samples of tea tree genetic resources, which are considered rare agricultural resources [3][6]. - The region has developed 148,000 acres of green ecological tea gardens, contributing to sustainable agricultural practices [6].