【现象】 如今，银杏在一些城市很常见，为何仍处于濒危等级？实际上，濒危的是"野生银杏"而非"景观银杏"， 前者种群数量稀少，后者基因相同或相近，依靠它们无法增加银杏的基因多样性。这反映出种质资源多 样性的重要意义。 【点评】 种质资源，是指携带生物遗传信息且具有实际或潜在利用价值的载体。"种质"就是"种子"吗？实际上， 二者不能画等号。 就拿农作物种质资源来说，其涵盖农作物的栽培种、野生种和濒危稀有种的繁殖材料等，形态不仅有果 实、籽粒，还有苗、根、茎、叶、芽、花，同时还包括组织、细胞和DNA、DNA片段及基因等有生命 的物质材料。可见，种质资源的范畴比种子大得多。种业是农业的"芯片"，种质资源的重要性不可小 视。 作为种业创新的源头和基础，种质资源在粮食安全领域的地位分外凸显。"杂交水稻之父"袁隆平在创 立"三系杂交水稻"技术时，需要运用雄性不育系、保持系、恢复系3种不同功能的水稻亲本配合实现杂 交育种。得益于1970 年在海南发现的雄性不育野生稻"野败"，我国杂交水稻发展才掀开崭新一页。 1979年，李振声院士牵头的课题组经过20多年攻关育成小麦新品种"小偃6号"，其凭借有效抵抗小麦条 锈病、产量高、品质 ...

Group 1 - The core issue is the distinction between wild ginkgo, which is endangered, and landscape ginkgo, which lacks genetic diversity despite being common in cities [1] - Germplasm resources are crucial for agriculture, encompassing not just seeds but also various plant parts and genetic materials, highlighting their broader significance [1] - The importance of germplasm resources is underscored as they are foundational to agricultural innovation and food security [2] Group 2 - China is a major germplasm resource country but still faces challenges in precise identification and the development of breakthrough varieties [3] - Current phenotypic identification of germplasm resources in China is only 35%, with a target of 60% by 2030, indicating a significant gap [3] - The integration of artificial intelligence in breeding innovation is essential for enhancing the breeding system and accelerating the development of new varieties [3]

Core Insights - The article emphasizes the integration of education, technology, and talent as foundational elements for China's modernization, particularly in the agricultural sector [2][12] - Yangling, as the first national-level agricultural high-tech industrial demonstration zone, showcases significant advancements in agricultural research and innovation [3][4] Group 1: Agricultural Research and Development - Yangling is home to key educational institutions like Northwest A&F University and has over 100 provincial and ministerial research platforms, contributing to a robust agricultural research environment [3][4] - The region has produced impactful agricultural technologies, such as the "Xinan 511" wheat variety, which has been promoted over 40 million acres since its approval in 2018 [5] - The "Three Rui" apple varieties have been cultivated and promoted across more than 1 million acres, demonstrating successful agricultural innovation [6][7] Group 2: Integration of Education and Industry - The collaboration between educational institutions and local enterprises is highlighted as a driving force for innovation, with faculty members taking on roles in companies to enhance practical research applications [13][14] - The establishment of agricultural technology innovation centers and joint research platforms has led to significant advancements in crop breeding and agricultural practices [13][14] Group 3: Future Directions and Innovations - The future agricultural research institute aims to become a center for new agricultural productivity, focusing on drought-resistant crops and integrating artificial intelligence into agricultural practices [15] - Yangling plans to establish 50 demonstration bases for agricultural technology transfer by the end of 2024, enhancing the commercialization of research outcomes [14]

Group 1 - The event on May 30th celebrated the contributions of scientists, particularly focusing on the relationship between plants and human life, as part of a series aimed at promoting the spirit of scientists by 2025 [1][5] - Professor Gu Hongya emphasized the importance of plants in human civilization, discussing their role in food sources and the process of domestication versus breeding [2][4] - The introduction of various plants throughout history, such as grapes and potatoes, illustrates the evolution of human civilization and the significance of plant resources [2][3] Group 2 - Gu highlighted the strategic importance of wild plant resources, noting that even non-endangered species like wild soybeans are crucial for food security due to their unique genetic traits [3] - The lecture showcased the dedication of scientists like Yuan Longping and Tu Youyou, who made significant contributions to agriculture and health, respectively, demonstrating the spirit of perseverance and innovation [4][5] - The event aimed to foster a scientific atmosphere and enhance public scientific literacy, aligning with national goals for technological advancement and national rejuvenation [5]