2025.11. 25 本文字数：2269，阅读时长大约4分钟 作者 | 第一财经 钱小岩 封图 | 肯尼亚医疗用品管理局仓库内全球基金提供的医药品 （来源：受访者提供） 肯尼亚艾滋病患者服用的药品、印尼社区筛查肺结核的开支、塞内加尔农村防范蚊虫叮咬的蚊帐…… 这些看似分散的传染病防治工作背后，都不难发现同一个身影——抗击艾滋病、结核病和疟疾全球基 金（以下称"全球基金"）。 二十国集团领导人峰会（G20峰会）11月22日至23日在南非约翰内斯堡举行，这是G20峰会首次在 非洲大陆举办，具有重要历史意义。非洲是艾滋病、结核病和疟疾这三大传染病负担最重的大陆。在 本次G20峰会召开前一天的21日，全球基金在约翰内斯堡举行了第八次增资大会，为未来三年筹措 资金。 自2002年成立以来，中国与全球基金的关系经历了从受援国到捐助国和治理伙伴的转变。全球基金 传播事务负责人费格（Christy Feig）日前在清华大学举办的第四届全球发展与健康传播论坛对第一 财经记者表示，中国可以在非洲健康问题上发挥更为关键的作用，无论是在技术输出、知识转让还是 药品生产方面，中国都具备显著的优势。 她还特别强调道，更重要的是非洲伙伴 ...

Core Viewpoint - The State Council's Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism has issued a notification to ensure effective prevention and control of key infectious diseases, including COVID-19, during the upcoming National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival, as well as throughout the autumn and winter seasons [1][2]. Group 1 - The current situation of infectious diseases in China is generally stable, but there is an expected increase in respiratory infectious diseases due to the activity of multiple pathogens during the autumn and winter months [1][2]. - The notification highlights the risks associated with increased population movement and gatherings during the holiday period, which may complicate epidemic control efforts [1][2]. Group 2 - Specific requirements outlined in the notification include the establishment of regional infectious disease monitoring and emergency command information platforms, enhanced health inspections at ports, and guidance for key locations such as schools and elderly care facilities [2]. - The notification encourages vaccination among key populations and emphasizes the need for dynamic allocation of medical resources, as well as strict implementation of control measures in areas experiencing significant outbreaks [2]. - It also calls for the development of emergency response plans, public health education, and timely health advisories for holiday travelers to ensure a safe environment for economic and social development [2].

Core Viewpoint - The newly revised Infectious Disease Prevention Law, effective from September 1, aims to enhance public health safety and improve the monitoring and treatment of infectious diseases in China [1] Group 1: Strengthening Infectious Disease Monitoring and Early Warning - The infectious disease network reporting system in China now covers 84,000 medical institutions, making it the largest in the world [2] - The new law mandates the establishment of monitoring points for key infectious diseases and those of unknown causes, expanding the range of symptom monitoring [2] - By 2030, China plans to develop a rapid-response, scientifically efficient infectious disease monitoring and early warning system [2] - The law specifies a 2-hour reporting requirement for newly identified or unexplained infectious diseases, with a focus on timely verification and escalation [2] - Smart monitoring software is being installed in secondary and higher-level medical institutions to enhance reporting efficiency [2] Group 2: Establishing a Comprehensive Medical Treatment System - The new law requires the establishment of a comprehensive medical treatment system for major infectious disease outbreaks, involving specialized hospitals, general hospitals, and grassroots medical institutions [3] - There is an emphasis on supporting scientific research and innovation in the development of drugs and medical devices for infectious disease prevention and treatment [3] - The law enforces a national immunization program, providing free vaccines to residents, and aims to optimize the types and schedules of vaccines offered [3] Group 3: Emergency Response Planning for Unknown Infectious Diseases - The revised law mandates the creation of emergency response plans for key infectious diseases and those of unknown causes by relevant government departments [4] - Regular drills for infectious disease emergency response will be organized to ensure preparedness [5] - The law emphasizes the balance between controlling disease spread and protecting citizens' rights, ensuring that preventive measures are proportionate to the severity of outbreaks [5] - It encourages public participation in disease prevention efforts and promotes good hygiene practices among citizens [5]

Group 1 - The State Council has issued opinions on gradually promoting free preschool education, starting from the autumn semester of 2025, which will exempt public kindergartens from charging care education fees for children in their final year [1] - Private kindergartens approved by the education department will also have their care education fees reduced in accordance with local public kindergarten standards [1] - The Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Education will consider factors such as school-age population changes and financial conditions to improve the free preschool education policy [1] Group 2 - The Housing Rental Regulations will take effect on September 15, 2025, mandating that rental housing must comply with safety and health standards [2] - Non-residential spaces such as kitchens and bathrooms cannot be rented out separately for living purposes [2] - Landlords must specify the deposit amount, return time, and conditions for deduction in the rental contract, and cannot unjustly withhold deposits [2] Group 3 - The Rural Road Regulations will also come into effect on September 15, 2025, focusing on improving road network quality and coordinating with national and provincial road construction [3] - New rural roads must meet technical standards, and existing roads that do not meet minimum standards must be upgraded [3] - The regulations encourage the use of existing roads for reconstruction to minimize land occupation [3] Group 4 - The personal consumption loan interest subsidy policy will be implemented from September 1, 2025, to August 31, 2026, covering loans used for consumption [4] - The subsidy applies to single transactions below 50,000 yuan and for key areas such as home appliances and healthcare for transactions above that amount [4] - The policy may be extended or expanded based on its effectiveness after the expiration [4] Group 5 - The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security has introduced new conditions for receiving personal pensions, effective from September 1 [5] - New eligibility includes significant medical expenses, prolonged unemployment insurance, and receiving minimum living security [5] - Previously, eligibility was limited to reaching retirement age, total loss of work capacity, or settling abroad [5] Group 6 - The new Electric Bicycle Safety Technical Specifications will be enforced starting September 1, 2025, prohibiting the production of non-compliant electric bicycles [6] - The new standards include requirements for battery packs and control systems, and a weight limit for lead-acid battery models has been adjusted [6] - A transition period until November 30, 2025, is allowed for bicycles produced under the old standards [6] Group 7 - The AI-generated content labeling method will be implemented on September 1, 2025, requiring explicit and implicit labeling of AI-generated content [7] - Explicit labels must be clearly perceivable by users, while implicit labels are embedded in the content data [7] Group 8 - The revised Infectious Disease Prevention Law will take effect on September 1, 2025, categorizing infectious diseases into three classes based on their severity [8] - The law emphasizes the protection of personal information and restricts its use beyond epidemic prevention [8] - Local governments can take preventive measures for unexplained infectious diseases and must report to higher authorities [8] Group 9 - The Ministry of Commerce has issued the Product Oil Circulation Management Measures, effective September 1, 2025, detailing regulations for wholesale and retail operations [10] - The measures include requirements for compliance, management systems, and data reporting for oil trading enterprises [10] - It establishes a framework for supervision and legal responsibilities regarding oil circulation [10] Group 10 - The Ministry of Civil Affairs has released the Administrative Division Code Management Measures, effective September 1, 2025, clarifying the code assignment process for administrative divisions [11] - The measures specify the responsibilities of municipal and provincial civil affairs departments in code determination [11] Group 11 - The revised Allocation of Land Directory will be implemented on September 1, 2025, strictly limiting the allocation of state-owned construction land use rights [12] - Applications for land allocation must be approved by the government, and alternative methods such as leasing must be pursued when possible [12] Group 12 - The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has announced new animal diagnosis management regulations, effective September 1, 2025, introducing a new animal diagnosis license [13] - The regulations emphasize the standardization of veterinary prescriptions and the prohibition of substandard veterinary drugs [13]

Group 1 - The State Council has issued an opinion to gradually implement free preschool education, starting from the autumn semester of 2025, exempting public kindergarten fees for children in their final year [4] - Private kindergartens approved by the education department will also have their fees reduced in accordance with the exemption levels of similar public kindergartens [4] Group 2 - The Housing Rental Regulations will take effect on September 15, 2025, prohibiting landlords from deducting deposits without legitimate reasons and requiring clear terms in rental contracts [5] - The regulations also set basic standards for rental properties and prevent the illegal use of non-residential spaces for living [5] Group 3 - A new mandatory national standard for electric bicycles will be implemented on September 1, enhancing fire resistance requirements and limiting the use of plastic materials [6] - The standard also imposes restrictions on motor speed and braking distances, with a transition period for manufacturers [6] Group 4 - The revised Infectious Disease Prevention Law will come into effect on September 1, emphasizing the establishment of a comprehensive prevention system and clarifying responsibilities at various levels [7] Group 5 - The "Artificial Intelligence Generated Synthetic Content Identification Measures" will be enforced from September 1, requiring explicit labeling of AI-generated content across various media [11] - Service providers must ensure that generated content includes both explicit and implicit identifiers [11] Group 6 - The Rural Road Regulations will be effective from September 15, 2025, focusing on improving road network quality and upgrading existing roads to meet technical standards [12] Group 7 - The Administrative Division Code Management Measures will take effect on September 1, establishing rules for determining administrative codes at various levels [13] Group 8 - Beijing will raise its minimum wage from 2420 yuan to 2540 yuan per month, effective September 1 [15] Group 9 - The "Decision on Promoting Collaborative Development of Technological Innovation in the Yangtze River Delta" will be implemented on September 1, focusing on joint development of strategic technology and innovation platforms [17] Group 10 - The Fujian Province Safety Construction Regulations will be effective from September 1, focusing on combating telecom fraud and enhancing public safety [18] Group 11 - The Shandong Province Veterans Protection Regulations will take effect on September 1, prioritizing the hiring of veterans in public and state-owned enterprises [20] Group 12 - The Henan Province Vocational Education Regulations will be implemented on September 1, emphasizing practical skills training in vocational schools [22] Group 13 - The Hainan Province Administrative Inspection Regulations will take effect on September 1, protecting businesses from excessive and irrelevant inspections [24]

Core Points - The revised Infectious Disease Prevention Law aims to enhance public health safety and control infectious diseases in China, effective from September 1, 2025 [2][3][4] Chapter Summaries Chapter 1: General Principles - The law emphasizes the leadership of the Communist Party and prioritizes public health and safety [3] - Infectious diseases are categorized into Class A, B, and C, with Class A diseases requiring the strictest control measures [3][4] Chapter 2: Prevention - Local governments are responsible for improving public health facilities and managing environmental health [20][21] - The government will provide free vaccines under the national immunization program [21] Chapter 3: Monitoring, Reporting, and Early Warning - A robust infectious disease monitoring system will be established to ensure timely reporting and response [32][33] - Institutions must report Class A infectious diseases within two hours and Class B within 24 hours [35] Chapter 4: Epidemic Control - Immediate measures must be taken upon discovering Class A infectious diseases, including isolation and treatment [46] - Local governments can implement emergency measures during significant outbreaks, such as restricting gatherings and closing affected areas [63][64]

Core Insights - The sixth Pan-Asia Pacific Military Medicine Conference has commenced, featuring experts from 24 countries and 5 international organizations discussing trends in military medicine [1][2] - The conference aims to establish an international platform for cooperation and exchange in military medicine, sharing advancements and innovations among participating nations [1] Group 1: Conference Structure and Activities - The academic activities of the conference include keynote speeches, thematic seminars, and poster presentations, with contributions from experts affiliated with organizations like the UN and WHO [1] - The thematic seminars cover four main topics: health service theory and management innovation, improvement of trauma care, regional infectious disease and epidemic prevention, and special medicine and operational medical support [1] - A total of 45 academicians and experts are scheduled to present on cutting-edge topics such as artificial intelligence, battlefield medical applications of drones, biomedical advancements, and infectious disease prevention [1] Group 2: Research and Collaboration - The poster display area showcases cutting-edge research in international military medicine, with 559 papers submitted from 14 countries, resulting in 115 posters being presented [2] - The conference facilitates face-to-face exchanges among medical experts, fostering innovative thinking and strategies in military medicine [2] - The chairman of the Military Medicine Management Technology Committee emphasized the authoritative and professional nature of the academic exchanges, highlighting the diverse research contributions from various countries [2]

Core Points - The law aims to prevent, control, and eliminate infectious diseases, ensuring public health and safety while maintaining national security and social stability [2][3] - The law emphasizes the leadership of the Communist Party of China and prioritizes people's health and life, advocating for a preventive approach and scientific control measures [2][3] Chapter Summaries Chapter 1: General Principles - The law defines infectious diseases into three categories: Class A, Class B, and Class C, based on their severity and potential impact on public health and the economy [3][4] - Class A diseases require strict management due to their severe threat, while Class B and C diseases require varying levels of control and monitoring [3][4] Chapter 2: Prevention - Local governments are responsible for improving public health facilities and managing environmental health to enhance overall community health [20][21] - The government provides free vaccines under the national immunization program, ensuring timely vaccination for children [21] Chapter 3: Monitoring, Reporting, and Early Warning - A robust infectious disease monitoring system is established, requiring timely reporting of cases by healthcare institutions [32][35] - The law mandates a cross-departmental information-sharing mechanism to enhance the response to infectious disease outbreaks [34][56] Chapter 4: Epidemic Control - Immediate measures must be taken upon discovering Class A infectious diseases, including isolation and medical observation of patients and their close contacts [46] - Local governments can implement emergency measures during significant outbreaks, such as restricting gatherings and closing affected areas [63][64] Chapter 5: Medical Treatment - Medical institutions are required to follow strict protocols for the treatment and management of infectious diseases, ensuring safety and compliance with health regulations [47][71] Chapter 6: Support Measures - The law encourages scientific research and the use of modern technology in infectious disease prevention and control [11][12] - It promotes public participation in health education and disease prevention activities [18][19] Chapter 7: Supervision and Management - The law establishes a framework for the supervision and management of infectious disease control efforts at various government levels [6][9] - It emphasizes the importance of collaboration among different governmental departments and agencies in managing public health [6][9] Chapter 8: Legal Responsibilities - Individuals and organizations are prohibited from discriminating against patients and must comply with health measures to prevent disease spread [14][29] - The law outlines penalties for non-compliance with reporting and control measures [40][41] Chapter 9: Supplementary Provisions - The law supports international cooperation in infectious disease prevention and control [18] - It recognizes the contributions of individuals and organizations in public health efforts and provides for rewards and recognition [18][19]

Core Points - The newly revised Infectious Disease Prevention Law will take effect on September 1, 2025, enhancing public health legal protections and risk management capabilities in China [1] - The law consists of 9 chapters and 115 articles, emphasizing the leadership of the Communist Party, prioritizing people's lives, and advocating for a combination of prevention and treatment [1] - The law aims to establish a robust public health system led by medical institutions, improving core capabilities in disease monitoring, emergency response, testing, and medical treatment [1] - It clarifies responsibilities among various stakeholders, including government departments, disease control agencies, medical institutions, and individuals, enhancing collaborative mechanisms for disease prevention [1] Industry Implications - The law reflects a commitment to modernizing public health governance capabilities in China, emphasizing legal adaptability and foresight in public health [2] - The implementation of a health-first development strategy aims to strengthen the public health system and promote collaborative governance and integration of medical and preventive measures [2]