根据国家和四川省统一部署，成都市目前已正式启动新冠病毒疫苗"加强针"接种工作。10月27日晚，成都市 疾病预防控制中心通过微信公众号"成都疾控"发布热点问题权威解答。 为什么要打"加强针"？ 从现有研究看，随着接种疫苗时间的推移，受种者的中和抗体水平下降，保护效果减弱。这种情况下通过接 种疫苗针次的增加，能提高免疫水平，增加保护性。有资料显示，接种国产新冠疫苗第二剂后6个月再接种一剂， 抗体水平增幅达到10多倍。 成都市一快递员正在接种。记者 魏冯 摄 同时，对其他符合条件且有接种需要的人群提供加强免疫接种服务。 "加强针"怎么接种？ 使用同一种灭活疫苗完成2剂次接种的人群，原则上使用原灭活疫苗进行加强。 使用不同灭活疫苗完成2剂次接种的，原则上优先使用与第二剂次灭活疫苗相同的疫苗进行加强；如遇第二剂 次相同疫苗无法供应等情况，可使用与第一剂次灭活疫苗相同的疫苗进行1剂次加强。 接种腺病毒载体疫苗的人群使用原疫苗进行加强。 "加强针"是否安全？ 新冠病毒疫苗的免疫程序是经过充分研究和论证的，新冠病毒疫苗加强针接种后，发生不良反应的种类和几 率与基础免疫时没有显著差异。接种新冠病毒疫苗加强针是安全、有效的。 哪 ...

转自：扬子晚报 上一季主导的甲型H1N1退居次位，而甲型H3N2成为本季主流毒株，往常共同传播的H1N1和乙型流感 病毒几乎"销声匿迹"。 根据中国疾控中心的监测数据，今年的流感毒株与往年相比有所不同，甲型H3N2亚型占比超过95%， 同时有少量甲型H1N1和乙型流感病毒同期流行。由于H3N2近两年没有大规模流行，人群普遍缺乏针对 性免疫屏障，感染风险明显上升。就好比身体的防护系统，太久没见过这个敌人，防备松懈，使其更轻 松地长驱直入。再加上"k毒株"的突变使其对人呼吸道细胞的黏附效率，提升到了以往流行株的约1.8 倍，这就是为何流感在集体单位中能像"击鼓传花"一样，迅速引发多人感染的关键所在。 此外，今年不仅是流感"在忙"，多种呼吸道病毒一起流行：呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）、腺病毒等都在活 跃。有的人可能前脚刚从一次感染恢复，后脚又被另一种病毒"补刀"，也有同时感染甲流、乙流的患 者。也就是说，新变异株更易传播+多病毒叠加出现，让今年的流感格外难对付。 今年的流感季似乎有点不太寻常，不仅来得早，势头也格外凶猛。最近，很多朋友都有这样的体感：身 边的家人、同事、同学，包括自己，纷纷被流感干倒，且一倒一大片。关于 ...

中新网广州12月21日电 (记者 蔡敏婕)带状疱疹并非老年人"专属疾病"，免疫功能受损的中青年群体同 样面临较高发病风险。 由广东省预防医学会主办的"2025年广东省疾病防控能力提升学习班"20日在广州举行，强调需重点关注 免疫缺陷人群与慢性基础病患者的疫苗接种工作，通过医防融合提升疾病防控水平。 广东省人民医院风湿免疫科主任医师李玲指出，带状疱疹的高危人群主要分为两类，一类是本身免疫监 视功能降低的患者，涵盖风湿免疫科疾病、血液肿瘤、实体瘤等人群；另一类是因治疗需要使用糖皮质 激素、免疫抑制剂、生物制剂等药物的群体，这类药物会进一步削弱人体免疫功能，提升感染风险。 "以往大家普遍认为带状疱疹是老年病，现在发现只要免疫功能受损，18岁以上的中青年群体也可能患 病。"李玲解释，带状疱疹由水痘-带状疱疹病毒再激活引发，小时候得过水痘的人，病毒会潜伏在体内 神经节中，当免疫功能下降时，病毒就可能被激活，从而引发带状疱疹。 疫苗接种是预防带状疱疹最有效的手段。不过李玲特别提醒，免疫缺陷人群在疫苗选择上有特殊要求， 风湿免疫科临床不推荐使用减毒活疫苗，建议优先选择灭活疫苗或重组疫苗，这类疫苗安全性更高，不 易诱发疾病复 ...

Core Viewpoint - A new wave of cold weather is impacting China, leading to significant temperature drops and increased health risks for chronic disease patients, particularly those with diabetes, who are more susceptible to complications such as shingles due to weakened immune systems [1][2]. Group 1: Health Risks and Challenges - The average daily temperature in most regions of China is expected to drop by 6 to 10 degrees Celsius, with some areas experiencing drops exceeding 14 degrees Celsius [1]. - Diabetes patients face heightened risks during cold weather, as low temperatures can cause blood vessel constriction, leading to blood sugar fluctuations and decreased immunity [1]. - The risk of shingles is 60% higher in diabetes patients compared to the general population, creating a dangerous cycle of pain and elevated blood sugar levels [2]. Group 2: Vaccination and Awareness - Despite high awareness of shingles (80%-90%) and vaccine knowledge (60%-80%), the vaccination rate in China remains low at only 1%-2% [3]. - Community health initiatives, such as personalized vaccine education prescriptions, are being implemented to encourage proactive health measures among chronic disease patients [3]. Group 3: Market Potential and Industry Growth - The domestic shingles vaccine market was valued at 3.73 billion yuan in 2022 and is projected to reach 5.63 billion yuan by the end of 2025, with a compound annual growth rate of 16.4% [4]. - The approval of new shingles vaccines, including one specifically for high-risk groups, indicates a growing market and increasing competition among pharmaceutical companies [4][5]. - Local governments are introducing policies to reduce vaccination costs, further promoting vaccine uptake and addressing the "knowledge-action gap" in vaccination [5].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the surge in demand for flu vaccines due to a significant flu season in China, particularly in southern regions, leading to temporary shortages in various cities. Despite this demand, the leading company in the sector, Hualan Vaccine, is facing substantial declines in revenue and profit, raising concerns about its ability to convert short-term demand into sustainable performance [2][10][12]. Group 1: Flu Vaccine Demand and Market Response - The current flu season has seen a notable increase in activity levels, especially in southern China, resulting in a spike in flu vaccine demand [2][3]. - Major cities like Guangzhou, Xi'an, Changzhou, and Jinan are experiencing temporary shortages of flu vaccines at community health service centers [7]. - Hualan Vaccine, with an annual production capacity of 100 million doses, has accelerated its batch approval process in response to the increased demand, leading to a stock price increase of over 30% in just over a month [2][10]. Group 2: Company Performance and Challenges - Despite the surge in demand, Hualan Vaccine reported a significant decline in both revenue and net profit for the first three quarters of the year, with revenue down 15.81% to 806 million yuan and net profit down 50.51% to 132 million yuan [12][13]. - The company is facing a price war initiated by competitors, which has led to a decrease in both gross and net profit margins. The gross margin fell by 4.06 percentage points to 76.99%, while the net margin decreased by 11.51 percentage points to 16.42% [12][13]. - Hualan Vaccine's strategy of "exchanging price for volume" has not yet yielded the expected results, as the anticipated increase in market demand has not materialized [12].

美洲地区的麻疹疫情此前就出现过反复。2018至2019年，委内瑞拉和巴西曾暴发大规模麻疹疫情，直到 2024年，美洲才重新成为"无麻疹地区"。泛美卫生组织主任巴博萨10日再次强调推广疫苗接种的重要 性，"去年美洲地区疫苗接种率为79%，尽管这个比例较前些年有所提升，但还是太低了"。（甄翔） 在泛美卫生组织官宣加拿大"麻疹消除国"地位丧失后，美国布朗大学传染病专家努佐直言："此事让人 感到失望和担忧，像加拿大这样资源雄厚的国家根本就不该丧失'麻疹消除国'地位。" 美联社根据近期麻疹疫情趋势判断，美国在未来极有可能丧失"麻疹消除国"地位。数据显示，今年美洲 地区共出现近1.26万个麻疹病例，较去年飙升30倍，疫情主要集中在加拿大、美国和墨西哥。美国疾控 中心统计，今年美国共出现44波麻疹疫情，共涉及1600多个麻疹确诊病例。目前全美只有9个州尚未出 现麻疹疫情。 【环球时报综合报道】加拿大公共卫生署10日发表声明确认，由于境内同一毒株的麻疹病毒持续传播超 过一年，美洲区域国际卫生机构——泛美卫生组织已正式通知加拿大，该国失去"麻疹消除国"地位。据 加拿大广播公司报道，该国已报告5100余起麻疹病例，并有两起死亡案 ...

Core Viewpoint - The inclusion of the HPV vaccine in China's national immunization program starting from November 10, 2025, will allow eligible residents to receive the vaccine for free, significantly enhancing public health efforts against cervical cancer and related diseases [1][2][4]. Group 1: Policy and Implementation - The HPV vaccine will be provided free of charge to girls born on or after November 10, 2011, who are 13 years old, with a recommended two-dose schedule [4][6]. - The addition of the HPV vaccine increases the total number of vaccines in the national immunization program to 15, which aims to improve vaccination rates and public health [2][4]. Group 2: Market Impact - The procurement price of the bivalent HPV vaccine has decreased significantly, with a reported price of 86 yuan per dose in March 2024 and a budgeted price of 27.5 yuan per dose for 2025 [5]. - The government’s centralized procurement is expected to drive a substantial increase in HPV vaccine sales and market penetration, benefiting companies like Watson Bio, which has sufficient production capacity to meet demand [5][6]. Group 3: Health Benefits and Efficacy - Vaccination can prevent over 70% of cervical cancer cases and reduce the incidence of other HPV-related diseases, as evidenced by experiences from other countries [4][6]. - Research indicates that girls aged 9-14 produce antibody levels more than twice that of those over 15 when vaccinated, making this age group a strategic target for vaccination [6][9]. Group 4: Vaccine Options and Recommendations - There are three types of HPV vaccines available: bivalent, quadrivalent, and nonavalent, with the nonavalent vaccine providing the broadest protection against various HPV strains [7][9]. - The guidelines suggest that women who have completed the bivalent or quadrivalent vaccination do not need to receive the nonavalent vaccine unless they choose to do so based on personal circumstances [9].

Core Points - The National Health Commission of China announced that the HPV vaccine will be included in the national immunization program starting November 10, 2025, allowing girls aged 13 and above to receive two doses of the bivalent HPV vaccine for free [1][3] - The decision comes in response to the rising incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer in China, particularly among younger women, highlighting the importance of HPV vaccination in preventing high-risk HPV infections and related diseases [3][4] - The bivalent HPV vaccine, produced by two domestic manufacturers, Xiamen Wantai and Watson Biotech's Zairun Biotech, has received prequalification from the World Health Organization, confirming its safety and efficacy [3][4] Summary by Sections Vaccination Policy - The notification specifies that only girls born after November 10, 2011, will be eligible for free vaccination, without setting an upper age limit for vaccination [4] - The World Health Organization recommends that the optimal age for HPV vaccination is between 9 and 15 years, which corresponds to the upper grades of elementary school to junior high school in China [4][5] Implementation and Logistics - Local health departments are required to collaborate with education and health authorities to assess the target population and previous vaccination records, ensuring accurate vaccine demand statistics [4] - Training for vaccination personnel will be conducted to prepare for the implementation of the immunization program, including management and monitoring of vaccine usage [4][5] Future Implications - Achieving a 90% vaccination rate among girls is essential for the goal of eliminating cervical cancer, although specific guidelines on vaccination arrangements and targets have yet to be released [5][6] - The inclusion of the HPV vaccine in the national immunization program is seen as a significant step towards reducing cervical cancer cases in the future, with potential long-term public health benefits [6]

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese government has announced the inclusion of the HPV vaccine in the national immunization program, providing free vaccinations for girls born after November 10, 2011, starting from November 10, 2025 [1] Group 1 - The announcement was made by seven ministries, including the National Health Commission and the Ministry of Education [1] - The program will offer two doses of the bivalent HPV vaccine, with a six-month interval between doses [1] - The China Center for Disease Control and Prevention will be responsible for gathering vaccine demand information and conducting centralized procurement [1]

Core Viewpoint - A coalition of public health officials from major U.S. cities has issued a statement urging the public to get vaccinated against respiratory diseases as the high season approaches, criticizing federal officials for spreading misinformation about vaccines [1][2] Group 1: Vaccination Benefits - Vaccination has played a crucial role in eliminating deadly diseases, saving millions of lives, and ensuring the safe operation of schools, allowing children to socialize and participate in activities, while also enabling parents and caregivers to work with peace of mind [1] - Despite the significant benefits of vaccination, there is a decline in vaccination rates across many regions in the U.S., leading to an increase in outbreaks of serious diseases such as measles and polio [1] Group 2: Concerns Over Misinformation - Public health officials express deep concern over federal officials repeatedly spreading misinformation about vaccines, which they believe directly contributes to the decline in vaccination rates [1] - The recent changes made by the federal government regarding vaccination recommendations for children and adults are criticized as unnecessarily limiting public access to vaccinations [1] Group 3: Call to Action - The statement strongly urges the public to "filter out political noise" and consult trusted doctors, healthcare providers, or public health experts for appropriate vaccination plans [2] - The "Big City Health Alliance" is a forum mechanism involving public health officials from major U.S. cities, aimed at promoting communication and maintaining public health and safety [2]