（原标题：凉州古寺：高僧鸠摩罗什的烦恼丨从长安到敦煌（9）） 作者 黄君度 诸君可知，司马迁如何写出"通古今之变"的不朽名篇《史记》？据他自己说，年少时遍游 大江南北，调查古代遗迹和传说故事——用今天的话来讲就是实地考察，才能有对历史洞彻的了解。 2024年10月，我参加了单位组织的西北考察之行。虽非司马迁式的周游历览，但在短短8天的行程里， 乘火车穿过沙漠，坐飞机翻越雪山，漫步于汉代长城下，到访西安、宝鸡、兰州、敦煌、武威这五个丝 绸之路上的重要城市，寻觅伟大的历史遗迹，在周秦汉唐的漫长时空里看见文明。"西北行记"系列是记 录，也是一次邀请，欢迎诸君携诗酒书剑，随我开启这场穿越古今的壮游！ 前秦建元十八年（公元382年），骁骑将军吕光率领七万大军远征西域，兵临龟兹城下。这次战争的起 因还要从五年前的一次奇特星象说起，当时太史向雄踞北方的前秦皇帝苻坚上书称："有星见于外国分 野，当有大德智人，入辅中国。"苻坚听说西域有位名叫鸠摩罗什的高僧，就派遣使者去寻访，打听到 他居住在龟兹国，无奈龟兹王不肯放人。在鄯善王等人的鼓动下，苻坚决心用武力将这位高僧掳到首都 长安来。他的亲信大将吕光顺利完成了这项任务，不料班师回 ...

嘿，宝子们！四川，那可是个自带光环的旅游胜地呀！它宛如一颗镶嵌在中国西南的璀璨明珠，散发着独特的魅力。这里的自然风光堪称一绝，有"童话 世界"九寨沟，那五彩斑斓的湖水，在阳光的照耀下变幻出各种色彩，仿佛是大自然用最细腻的笔触勾勒出的画卷；有"蜀山之王"贡嘎雪山，巍峨耸立， 山顶的积雪终年不化，在蓝天的映衬下，圣洁而雄伟；还有那广袤无垠的若尔盖草原，风吹草动间，成群的牛羊若隐若现，宛如一幅生动的田园牧歌图。 除了美景，四川的人文历史也厚重得像一本古老的书籍。三星堆遗址出土的青铜面具、青铜神树等文物，造型奇特，充满了神秘的色彩，让人不禁对古蜀 文明的辉煌产生无限遐想。武侯祠里，诸葛亮的智慧和忠诚被世人传颂，漫步其中，仿佛能听到历史的车轮滚滚而过。四川的魅力还远不止于此，它的美 食文化更是闻名遐迩，火锅、串串、川菜等，每一口都能让你的味蕾沉浸在麻辣鲜香的世界里，欲罢不能。 前不久，我和几个小伙伴踏上了四川的旅程，开启了一场四天的精彩之旅。而这次旅行能如此完美，全靠我们的导游琳琳。她可是四川当地的金牌导游， 就像我们旅行中的贴心小天使和智慧锦囊。一路上，她把行程安排得井井有条，就像一位经验丰富的指挥官。每到一个景点， ...

Group 1: Natural Attractions - Sichuan is known for its breathtaking natural landscapes, including the "Heavenly Paradise" Jiuzhaigou and the majestic Four Girls Mountain, which features snow-capped peaks and stunning lakes [1] - The region's mountains and canyons, such as the Jin口大峡谷, offer dramatic views and a sense of adventure with their steep cliffs and rushing rivers [1] Group 2: Cultural Heritage - Sichuan has a rich historical and cultural background, highlighted by the ancient Shu civilization and unique artifacts from the Sanxingdui site, showcasing the creativity of ancient Shu people [3] - The Three Kingdoms culture is deeply rooted in Sichuan, with historical sites like Wuhou Shrine and Jianmen Pass reflecting its heroic past [3] Group 3: Culinary Delights - Sichuan is renowned for its diverse and flavorful cuisine, making it a food lover's paradise with various local specialties [3] - Popular dishes include hot pot, skewered food (串串香), and traditional snacks like Yibin Ran Noodles and Bingfen, which are well-loved by both locals and tourists [14]

Group 1 - The historical significance of Tanzhe Temple in Beijing is highlighted, with its origins tracing back to the Jin Dynasty, and it is referred to as "the first famous temple in western Beijing" [2] - The temple has undergone several name changes throughout history, reflecting the political and cultural shifts of different dynasties, including its original name, Jiafu Temple, and later names such as Longquan Temple and Dawan Shou Temple [2] - The architectural influence of Tanzhe Temple is noted, particularly its resemblance to the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City, suggesting that the temple inspired the design of significant structures in Beijing [3] Group 2 - The rapid development of Buddhism in Beijing began in the Tang Dynasty, with many influential temples established during this period, particularly in response to the socio-political climate [3] - During the Liao Dynasty, there was a significant proliferation of Buddhist temples in Yanjing, with 36 major temples and numerous smaller ones, driven by the need to pacify the populace amidst ongoing warfare [3] - The Liao rulers actively promoted Buddhism as a means to alleviate public discontent, leading to the construction of many temples with direct royal support [3] Group 3 - The preservation of Buddhist texts through stone carvings at Yunju Temple is emphasized as a key method for the long-term transmission of Buddhist culture [4] - The history of Yunju Temple is linked to the Sui Dynasty, with its establishment attributed to a monk who recognized the area's potential for carving Buddhist scriptures [4] - The continuous efforts of monks to carve and preserve Buddhist scriptures in the region contributed to the rich heritage of Buddhist culture in Beijing [5]

Core Points - The article discusses the historical significance and cultural heritage of the Dunhuang Mogao Caves and the Xiqian Buddha Caves, highlighting their artistic and religious importance in Buddhist culture [1][3][18] - It narrates the discovery of the Dunhuang Caves, particularly the famous Cave 17, which contained numerous ancient texts and artifacts, and the subsequent looting of these treasures by foreign explorers [3][30] - The article emphasizes the ongoing efforts to preserve these cultural relics and the importance of responsible tourism in protecting such heritage sites [39][40] Group 1: Historical Context - The discovery of the Dunhuang Caves began in 1900 when a Taoist priest, Wang Yuanlu, found Cave 17, which contained a vast collection of ancient manuscripts and religious artifacts [1][3] - The looting of these treasures started with British explorer Stein in 1907, who took over 9,000 manuscripts and 500 paintings, leading to a significant loss of cultural heritage [3][30] - The establishment of the Dunhuang Research Institute in 1949 marked a turning point in the preservation of these sites, allowing for restoration and protection efforts to be implemented [3][30] Group 2: Cultural Significance - The Xiqian Buddha Caves are an integral part of the Dunhuang cave complex, believed to have been created earlier than the Mogao Caves, showcasing a blend of artistic styles from different periods [18][21] - The caves serve as a testament to the rich history of Buddhism in the region, with various artistic representations of Buddhist stories and figures that reflect the cultural exchanges along the Silk Road [18][36] - The article highlights the unique architectural features of the caves, such as the central pillar style and the intricate wall paintings that depict various Buddhist narratives [26][27][36] Group 3: Preservation Efforts - The article discusses the measures taken to ensure the preservation of the caves, including controlled access for visitors and the installation of environmental monitoring systems to protect the artworks [30][39] - It emphasizes the role of responsible tourism in safeguarding these cultural sites, urging visitors to respect the regulations in place to prevent damage to the artifacts [39][40] - The ongoing research and restoration efforts by the Dunhuang Research Institute are crucial for maintaining the integrity of these historical sites for future generations [3][30]

Core Insights - The article discusses the historical significance and archaeological findings of the Da Bao En Temple, tracing its origins from the Eastern Wu period to its reconstruction during the Ming Dynasty, highlighting its cultural and architectural importance in Chinese history [2][4][16] Historical Background - Da Bao En Temple was originally built as Jianchu Temple in 248 AD during the Eastern Wu period, making it the second temple in China after the White Horse Temple in Luoyang [2] - The temple underwent several reconstructions and name changes, including its renaming to Changgan Temple and later to Da Bao En Temple during the Ming Dynasty [3][5] Archaeological Discoveries - Significant archaeological findings include the discovery of a thousand-year-old underground palace beneath the temple, which revealed numerous artifacts such as the Seven Treasures Ashoka Tower and various Buddhist relics [6][9][16] - The excavation has uncovered a variety of relics, including gold and silver items, ceramics, and inscriptions that provide insights into the temple's historical evolution and the development of Buddhist art in China [14][16] Architectural Features - The temple's architecture features a grand nine-story glazed pagoda, which was a significant landmark in Nanjing and is noted for its intricate design and construction [5][9] - The layout of the temple complex includes various halls and structures, with the main buildings arranged along a central axis, showcasing traditional Chinese architectural principles [7][8] Cultural Impact - The Da Bao En Temple has been recognized as one of the most important ancient temple sites in China, with its archaeological findings contributing to the understanding of Buddhist culture and royal rituals during the Ming and Qing dynasties [16] - The site has been developed into a cultural park that not only preserves the archaeological remains but also serves as a tourist attraction, allowing visitors to engage with the historical and cultural significance of the temple [16]