在高度分工合作的制造业领域，供应链挤压由来已久，近年来几乎每隔一段时间都会成为热点话题。从 汽车整车厂对零部件企业施行超长账期；到家电企业借助供应链金融，对供应商"一鱼两吃"；再到消费 电子巨头转嫁成本，将代工企业的利润压到极其微薄的水平……供应链挤压犹如"房间里大象"，既显而 易见，似乎又难以撼动。 2020年以来，各级政府部门相继出台多项政策，从设置合理账期，规范供应链金融等多个方面入手，力 图破解供应链挤压这一危及中小企业生存发展，阻碍高质量发展的顽疾。着眼长远，则需要从产业链主 导企业入手，建立更合理的制度安排和利益分配结构；同时不断提升整个产业链、供应链的效率和价 值，通过"做大蛋糕"实现可持续的供应链公平。 零部件企业超长账期之困 产业链供应链是一系列利益主体的组合，各主体的能力基础、市场影响力不同，主导企业能力基础强， 市场影响力大，处于支配地位，而配套企业能力基础弱，处于从属地位。企业间影响力和议价能力的不 同，为强势一方挤压弱势一方提供了条件，在长期运行中形成了不公正的利益分配结构和链条。 在汽车行业，基于"整车厂-一级供应商-二级供应商"的链式结构中，头部车企掌握着绝对话语权，对供 应商货 ...

Core Viewpoint - The automotive industry is experiencing a "de-involution" movement, with major companies collectively reducing supplier payment terms to 60 days, addressing long-standing issues of supply chain pressure and vicious price wars that hinder high-quality development [1] Group 1: Supply Chain Pressure - The phenomenon of "squeezing suppliers" originated around 2000, where dominant companies delay payments to suppliers, forcing them to concede profits and narrowing their operational space [2] - Supply chain pressure has evolved from individual business practices to systemic arrangements within various industries, including automotive, where stronger companies impose financial burdens on weaker suppliers [3] Group 2: Vicious Price Wars - In the automotive sector, particularly in the new energy vehicle market, supply chain pressure is exacerbated by fierce competition and overcapacity, leading to a cycle of price wars that further compress profit margins [4] - The automotive industry's profit margins are projected to be only 4.3% in 2024, lower than the overall downstream industrial profit margin and down from 2023 levels, indicating a significant decline in profitability [5] Group 3: Regulatory Changes - The newly revised "Regulations on Payment for Small and Medium Enterprises" mandates that large enterprises must complete payments to small suppliers within 60 days, aiming to mitigate supply chain pressure and price wars [6]