去年有个朋友突然打电话给我，声音里带着明显的焦虑。他说看到新闻说有保险公司出了问题，规模特别 大，他现在不知道自己买的保单还能不能用。我听得出来，他是真的有点慌了。你们有没有过这样的时刻， 听到某个金融机构出现风险，就开始后悔当初的决定。 其实我最开始也不太理解为什么他会这么害怕。保险公司不就是一家普通的金融机构吗，真的倒闭的话，买 保险的人损失不是很大吗。但当我自己研究了这个问题以后，才发现这里面的学问比我想象的深得多。保险 行业确实有过一些公司经历过困难，但最后的结果往往出乎很多人的意料。 我们先从历史的角度来看这个问题。在中国保险业的发展过程中，确实有一些保险公司曾经因为经营不善或 者其他原因陷入过困境。这不是什么隐瞒的事实，而是一个客观存在的历史。国信人寿、东方人寿这样的公 司，在当年都曾经是业界比较有名的机构。但它们最终因为各种原因，包括经营管理出现问题、股东违规等 情况，不得不走向了衰落。还有一些保险公司，虽然规模很大，一度拥有超过万亿的资产，但最后也面临了 被处置的局面。 听起来这个结果很悲观，好像拿不回自己的钱了。但事实恰恰相反，这些公司的客户最后都没有蒙受损失。 这正是我想给各位讲清楚的地方 ...

Core Viewpoint - The insurance industry is facing challenges with some companies experiencing operational difficulties, but overall consumer protection mechanisms are in place to safeguard policyholders' interests [1][3][4]. Group 1: Industry Challenges - Several insurance companies have encountered operational issues, leading to takeovers or restructuring, which has raised consumer concerns about the safety of their policies [1][3]. - Anbang Insurance Group was notably taken over in 2018 due to illegal operations, but policyholders' rights were protected during the restructuring process [1][3]. Group 2: Consumer Protection Mechanisms - During Anbang's takeover, policyholders' policies remained valid, and claims were processed normally, indicating that regulatory measures effectively protect consumer rights [3]. - China's insurance regulatory framework includes multiple protective measures such as the insurance guarantee fund, solvency supervision, and risk disposal mechanisms, ensuring consumer interests are safeguarded even if a company fails [3][4]. Group 3: Industry Stability - The overall operational status of China's insurance industry is stable, with an average solvency adequacy ratio exceeding 190% as of Q3 2024, significantly above the regulatory requirement of 100% [4]. - Insurance companies are increasingly focusing on risk management and improving internal controls, which helps reduce operational risks and protect consumer interests [4]. Group 4: Regulatory Environment - Regulatory requirements for insurance companies are becoming stricter, covering solvency, corporate governance, and product oversight, which may increase compliance costs but will benefit the industry's long-term health [5][8]. - The regulatory body is enhancing the insurance governance structure, requiring companies to establish more scientific decision-making and risk management systems [8]. Group 5: Consumer Considerations - Consumers are advised to be cautious when selecting insurance companies, focusing on solvency ratios, company reputation, and market position to mitigate risks [5][7]. - Diversifying insurance purchases across multiple companies can help manage risk effectively, ensuring that overall coverage is not significantly impacted if one company faces difficulties [11]. Group 6: Industry Outlook - The demand for insurance is expected to grow as societal risks increase, and innovations in the industry, such as internet insurance and customized products, are enhancing consumer choice and experience [8][12]. - The long-term outlook for the insurance industry remains optimistic, with expectations of improved consumer rights protection and product quality due to stricter regulations and market competition [11][12].

Core Points - The recent bankruptcy of a major insurance company has raised concerns among policyholders regarding the status of their insurance policies and the recovery of their funds [1][3] - This marks the third insurance company bankruptcy in China, with the previous two occurring in 2012 and 2018, highlighting the rarity of such events in the insurance industry [3][4] - The bankruptcy was attributed to aggressive investment strategies and improper related-party transactions, leading to a liquidity crisis [3][4] Summary by Sections Bankruptcy Overview - As of June 2025, there are 178 insurance companies in China, with three having declared bankruptcy [3] - Insurance companies are subject to strict solvency regulations, requiring a solvency ratio of at least 100% [3] - The recent bankruptcy has caused significant market disruption, given the company's management of assets totaling 2 trillion yuan and millions of clients [1][3] Policyholder Rights and Protections - There are several potential outcomes for policyholders when an insurance company goes bankrupt: 1. **Policy Transfer**: Regulatory authorities may transfer policies to a stronger insurance company, maintaining the original terms [4][6] 2. **Cash Value Return**: If no transfer is possible, policyholders may receive the cash value of their policies, which is typically lower than the total premiums paid [4][6] 3. **Insurance Guarantee Fund**: The fund can compensate up to 90% of the policy reserve for personal insurance policies, with a maximum limit of 100,000 yuan per policyholder [6][7] 4. **Bankruptcy Liquidation**: If other options fail, policyholders can participate in the bankruptcy proceedings as creditors, but recovery may be limited [7][8] Historical Context and Data - In previous bankruptcy cases, approximately 85% of valid policies were successfully transferred to other insurers [4] - The recent bankrupt insurance company has an estimated asset coverage ratio of 65%, indicating that policyholders may only recover a portion of their claims through liquidation [7] Recommendations for Policyholders - Policyholders are advised to stay calm and monitor official communications regarding their rights and the status of their policies [7][8] - It is essential to gather and retain all relevant policy documents for future reference [7][8] - Evaluating insurance needs and considering additional coverage may be necessary if existing policies are affected [7][8] Lessons for Future Insurance Purchases - Consumers should assess the financial health and solvency ratios of insurance companies before purchasing policies, with a recommendation to choose companies with a solvency ratio above 150% [10][11] - The operational history and brand reputation of insurance companies are critical indicators of stability [10][11] - Diversifying insurance purchases across different companies can mitigate risks associated with a single company's potential failure [11][12] - Overall, the insurance industry in China remains stable, with a solvency ratio of 244.3% reported in the first quarter of 2025 [12][13]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the implications of insurance company bankruptcies in China, highlighting the increasing acceptance of commercial insurance among residents, particularly the elderly, and the mechanisms in place to protect policyholders in the event of an insurance company's failure [2][4][7]. Group 1: Insurance Market Overview - A significant portion of the population, 40.74%, has purchased commercial insurance, with 34.16% participating in both social insurance and commercial insurance [2]. - The elderly demographic shows a notable increase in insurance uptake, with 1.07 billion individuals aged 60 and above holding commercial insurance policies, resulting in a penetration rate of 41% [2]. - The total number of insurance policies held by the elderly is 226 million, accounting for 11% of all insurance policies in the industry [2]. Group 2: Bankruptcy of Insurance Companies - Three major insurance companies have declared bankruptcy: Anbang, Guoxin, and Dongfang Life, with one company having a scale of up to 2 trillion [7]. - The primary reasons for these bankruptcies include investment failures, poor underwriting practices, and non-compliance with regulatory requirements [9][10]. Group 3: Insurance Guarantee Fund - The Insurance Guarantee Fund, established in 2008, is designed to provide relief to policyholders in the event of an insurance company's bankruptcy or severe financial crisis [14]. - The fund has grown from 14.9 billion to 182.998 billion by the end of last year, ensuring that policyholders are protected even if their insurance company fails [16]. - The fund can be accessed under specific circumstances, such as when an insurance company is legally dissolved or poses a significant risk to public interest and financial stability [19]. Group 4: Post-Bankruptcy Procedures - If an insurance company goes bankrupt, policies may be transferred to another willing insurance company, or regulators may appoint a new company to take over [21]. - The Insurance Guarantee Fund can provide up to 90% of the rescue funds to the new company, ensuring that policyholders' rights are maintained [21]. - For different types of insurance, such as short-term health or property insurance, the compensation process may vary, with the fund covering losses up to 50,000 fully and 90% for amounts exceeding that [22].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the reality of insurance company bankruptcies in China, emphasizing the importance of consumer awareness and risk identification in the face of potential financial instability within insurance firms [1][12]. Group 1: Industry Overview - As of June 2025, there are over 170 insurance companies in China, managing insurance funds exceeding 25 trillion yuan, which is critical for many families' financial security [3]. - Recent years have seen several insurance companies, such as Dongfang Life and Anbang Insurance, face bankruptcy or government takeover, highlighting the inherent risks in the insurance sector [1][3]. Group 2: Risk Identification - Understanding the nature and process of insurance company bankruptcies is crucial, as these events typically result from long-term mismanagement and financial instability [3][5]. - Key indicators for assessing an insurance company's risk include solvency ratios, shareholder background, operational performance, and public sentiment [5][6][11]. - The average solvency ratio for Chinese insurance companies was 235.7% as of Q1 2025, significantly above the 100% minimum requirement, but companies below 150% should be closely monitored [5]. Group 3: Consumer Strategies - Consumers should remain calm and avoid hasty decisions if their insurance company shows signs of financial trouble, as policies are not immediately voided upon government intervention [7][10]. - It is advisable for consumers to stay informed through official announcements from regulatory bodies regarding their insurance company's status [7][10]. - Establishing a diversified insurance portfolio can mitigate risks associated with relying on a single company [8][10]. Group 4: Choosing Insurance Companies - When selecting an insurance provider, consumers should prioritize large, stable companies with strong capital and risk management capabilities [10][11]. - The top ten insurance companies in China hold over 65% of the market share, indicating a concentration of stability within the industry [10]. - Companies that focus on their core insurance business rather than diversifying into high-risk areas tend to be more reliable [11].

Core Viewpoint - The insurance policies held by consumers are well protected under national laws and the insurance guarantee fund, ensuring that policyholders' rights are safeguarded even if an insurance company loses its business license [1][2][5]. Group 1: Life Insurance Protection - The probability of life insurance companies going bankrupt is very low due to strict legal regulations that prevent arbitrary dissolution [2]. - In the event of a life insurance company being revoked or declared bankrupt, the insurance contracts and reserves must be transferred to another operating life insurance company, ensuring continuity of coverage [2][6]. - If the transferring company’s assets are insufficient to cover policy benefits, the insurance guarantee fund will provide assistance, with limits set at 90% for individual policyholders and 80% for institutional policyholders [3]. Group 2: Property Insurance Protection - Property insurance, including auto and home insurance, is also backed by a robust guarantee mechanism, ensuring that claims will be processed even if the insurance company faces risks during the coverage period [4]. - The insurance guarantee fund will fully cover policy benefits up to 50,000 RMB, and for amounts exceeding this, it will cover 90% for individuals and 80% for institutions [4]. Group 3: Consumer Guidance - Policyholders do not need to worry excessively about changes in insurance companies, as their policies will automatically transfer to new insurers with unchanged terms and conditions [7]. - To ensure better service, consumers are advised to choose insurance companies with strong solvency and high regulatory ratings, and to verify their policy information through official channels [7]. Group 4: Industry Stability - Historical cases demonstrate that the risk management mechanisms in China's insurance industry are maturing, with past instances of company failures being handled effectively [6][7]. - The comprehensive regulatory framework, including legal constraints and real-time supervision, provides a multi-layered safety net for policyholders [7].

Core Viewpoint - The safety of health insurance companies is comparable to that of life insurance companies, with both types of insurance being regulated under the Insurance Law, ensuring that policies typically remain valid even if the company goes bankrupt [1][3][6] Group 1: Coverage and Product Differences - Health insurance companies focus on personal health-related products such as medical insurance, critical illness insurance, disability income loss insurance, and nursing insurance, while life insurance companies offer a broader range of products including life insurance, annuities, savings insurance, critical illness insurance, and accident insurance [1][2] - There is some overlap in the products offered by both types of companies, as life insurance companies in China are permitted to sell certain health-related insurance products, subject to regulatory requirements [1][2] Group 2: Underwriting Conditions - Health insurance companies impose stricter underwriting conditions, often requiring detailed health assessments and having lower age limits for applicants, while life insurance companies generally have more lenient health requirements and higher age limits [2][3] Group 3: Bankruptcy Mechanisms - In the event of bankruptcy, life insurance contracts and reserves must be transferred to other life insurance companies, ensuring continuity of coverage for policyholders [3][4] - For health insurance companies, the treatment of policies depends on whether they are classified as long-term or short-term products; long-term health insurance policies typically remain valid even after bankruptcy, while short-term policies may enter liquidation [4][5] Group 4: Regulatory Protections - Both life and health insurance companies are required to contribute to an insurance guarantee fund, which provides relief to policyholders in the event of company bankruptcy [3][4] - The guarantee fund covers personal losses, with full compensation for amounts below 50,000 yuan and 90% compensation for amounts above that threshold in the case of short-term health insurance policies [4][5] Group 5: Overall Safety and Confidence - The probability of bankruptcy for both life and health insurance companies is low, and regulatory bodies are in place to ensure that policyholders' rights are protected, reinforcing confidence in the insurance system [6]