在税制改革方面，则将以结构优化为核心，着力重塑政府与市场关系。通过培育地方主体税种、健全资 本所得和财产所得税收征管机制，将为地方政府构建更加可持续的财力基础，同时为促进社会公平、扩 大内需提供坚实的制度保障。 《建议》还提出，加快构建同高质量发展相适应的政府债务管理长效机制。这一机制不仅致力于稳妥化 解存量债务，更重要的是建立覆盖举债融资、预算约束、风险预警和应急处置的全生命周期管理体系。 通过在透明规范的制度框架下满足合理融资需求，同时坚决遏制各类隐性债务扩张，切实筑牢财政安全 防线，有效稳定市场预期，为实施积极的财政政策创造可持续的运作空间。 再次，《建议》强调加快建设金融强国。金融政策正迈向功能引领与系统稳定并重的发展新阶段。通过 大力发展科技金融、绿色金融、普惠金融、养老金融和数字金融，有助于全面推进金融供给侧结构性改 革，确保金融资源精准服务国家战略需求。这要求金融体系主动引领和塑造未来产业，通过创新差异化 的金融产品、信贷标准和风险定价机制，使金融成为驱动产业升级、促进绿色转型的核心力量。 近日，新华社受权全文播发《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议》（简称 《建议》）。《 ...

Core Viewpoint - Japan's economic structure has remained heavily reliant on the automotive industry since 1985, with ongoing challenges in transitioning to a demand-driven economy despite efforts outlined in the "Maekawa Report" [1][4]. Group 1: Economic Structure and Policy - The "Maekawa Report" emphasizes the need for Japan to shift from an export-driven economy to one that is more focused on domestic demand, highlighting the importance of flexible monetary policy to stabilize both internal and external currency values [1][4]. - Following the Plaza Accord in 1985, Japan's economic strategy has been centered around internationalization and economic openness, as evidenced by the privatization of NTT, which marked a significant deregulation milestone [2]. Group 2: Market Performance and Challenges - NTT's stock, which became the world's most valuable upon its 1987 listing, failed to produce globally competitive IT products, with the introduction of the iPhone in 2007 marking a significant shift in the mobile market that Japan could not capitalize on [2]. - Japan's trade structure remains largely unchanged, with automotive exports constituting 17% of total exports in 2024, a slight decline from 19% in 1985, indicating persistent reliance on this sector [2]. Group 3: Labor Market and Entrepreneurship - Japan's labor market remains closed, with a low entrepreneurship rate of 3.1%, significantly below the U.S. (11.6%) and the U.K. (11.5%), which hinders the attraction of foreign investment [3]. - Despite the introduction of the Equal Employment Opportunity Law in 1985, progress in integrating women into the workforce has been slow, with Japan ranking 118th out of 146 countries in the Global Gender Gap Index [3]. Group 4: Monetary Policy and Exchange Rates - The Bank of Japan's recent publications on monetary policy and exchange rates indicate a shift in internal dynamics, suggesting a reevaluation of the relationship between monetary policy and currency management [3].