Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the increasing challenges in neonatal care due to rising rates of premature births and the complexity of conditions faced by newborns, emphasizing the need for advanced medical interventions and multidisciplinary approaches in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) [3][4][5]. Group 1: Challenges in Neonatal Care - The proportion of older mothers and the prevalence of twin pregnancies and assisted reproductive technologies have led to an increase in the incidence of severe neonatal conditions [3]. - The survival rate of premature infants has improved significantly, but they often face long-term complications, particularly neurological issues [4][5]. - The costs associated with treating premature infants are high, necessitating a collaborative approach among various medical specialties to enhance survival rates [4][5]. Group 2: NICU Developments and Investments - Major children's hospitals in Shanghai have made significant investments to enhance neonatal care, including the establishment of new neonatal treatment centers that integrate various specialties for comprehensive care [5][6]. - The use of artificial intelligence in neonatal care is being explored, with AI models being developed to predict risks and recommend personalized treatment plans [6]. Group 3: Staffing and Resource Allocation - There is a disparity in nurse-to-patient ratios between neonatal and adult ICUs, with neonatal care requiring more intensive and frequent attention [6][7]. - Despite increased investments in pediatric care, the overall scale of pediatric departments in public hospitals has been shrinking, leading to a decrease in patient admissions [7][8]. Group 4: Future Directions - The ideal future for pediatric care involves improving the tiered medical system and leveraging private hospitals to complement public hospital resources, focusing on complex cases in public facilities [8].

Core Insights - The article highlights the increasing challenges faced by pediatric care, particularly in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), due to rising rates of preterm births and associated complications [1][2][3] Group 1: Challenges in Neonatal Care - The incidence of critical conditions in newborns has risen due to factors such as advanced maternal age, twin pregnancies, and the use of assisted reproductive technologies [1][2] - The survival rate of preterm infants has improved, but they often face long-term complications, including neurological issues [1][2] - The proportion of extremely low birth weight preterm infants in NICUs has increased, correlating with maternal health issues and advanced reproductive techniques [2] Group 2: Healthcare System Response - Major children's hospitals in Shanghai have invested significantly in neonatal care, establishing new centers to enhance the diagnosis and treatment of severe neonatal conditions [2] - AI technology is being developed to assist in neonatal care, improving the prediction and management of risks associated with preterm infants [3] - The government has recognized the challenges in pediatric care and is increasing support for public hospitals, although the nurse-to-patient ratio in NICUs remains lower than in adult ICUs [3][4] Group 3: Trends in Pediatric Healthcare - Despite increased investment in pediatric care, the overall scale of pediatric departments in public hospitals has contracted, with some regions experiencing a drop in patient numbers by over 50% compared to the peak birth rates following the two-child policy [4] - The ideal future for pediatric care involves improving the tiered medical system and leveraging private hospitals to complement public healthcare resources [4]

2025.05. 20 本文字数：3199，阅读时长大约5分钟 作者 | 第一财经 吴斯旻 县级医院是统筹城乡医疗卫生发展的关键纽带，在县域医疗中起到龙头作用。根据国家卫健委最新统 计，在过去的一年里，全国超六成、1300余家参评县医院达到三级医院水平，平均每家县医院接受 双向转诊人次较2023年涨超10％。 但距离"大病不出县"的目标仍有差距。当年，平均每家县医院开展的手术类医疗服务的数量出现下 降。与此同时，全科医疗科、肿瘤科、精神科等13个专业科室在县医院的设置率低于80%，超四成 县医院的精神科、血液内科、病理科和胸外科的医疗服务能力没有达到二级医院能力水平，超七成县 医院不能开展严重精神障碍患者的规范管理和住院治疗。 国家卫健委19日发布的"关于通报2024年度县医院医疗服务能力评估情况的函"（以下简称"评 估"）显示了上述信息。根据评估披露情况，近年来，县级医院的专科设置和设备配置正稳步完善， 但依然存在一些短板弱项，"加强薄弱专科建设"仍将是下一步的工作重点。 有受访业界人士称，目前，部分县级医院存在"虚胖"现象，即服务体量、专科能力与床位设置不匹 配。接下来，县级医院也应重视避免规模的盲目扩张 ...