[ 初步研究发现，全要素生产率增长中约有22%可以归因于新质生产力，其中企业内部创新成长贡献约 9%，资源配置效率改善贡献约13%。 ] 创新政策是影响新质生产力形成的关键制度变量。此处创新政策的影响，不但包括了对企业个体的影 响，也包括了对企业内部、企业间、产业间、地区间等不同维度的配置效率改善，即创新引致的配置效 率提升。根据政策介入的时点和作用机制不同，可将创新政策分为事前政策和事后政策。 事前政策主要通过研发补贴、税收抵扣、财政扶持、政府引导基金等方式降低创新活动的进入门槛，使 企业更容易开展研发活动。在追赶型发展阶段，这类政策在推动创新扩散、弥补企业投入能力不足方面 具有非常好的作用，中国过去几十年的成功受这类政策的影响很大。然而，对于不确定程度更高的情 形，事前政策在资源配置机制上存在结构性约束，政府难以精准识别未来具有突破潜力的创新方向，容 易出现"选错对象"的问题。此外，在实践中，事前政策往往更容易流向规模大、资源多的企业，而这些 企业本身创新能力较强，财政支持对其边际激励作用有限。更为重要的是，事前政策可能诱导企业形 成"策略性创新"行为，即为获取补贴而开展形式性创新，弱化了创新质量和创新动 ...

Group 1 - The core argument emphasizes that the growth of new quality productivity relies on both "innovation" and "innovation-induced allocation" improvements, neglecting either aspect is inappropriate [1][3] - The competitiveness of a country's industry is primarily determined by the cost of production factors and technological levels, with China's past growth driven by relatively low production factor costs [1][2] - As China's economy expands and resource constraints increase, the comparative advantage based on low costs is declining, necessitating a shift from factor-driven growth to innovation-driven growth [1][2] Group 2 - The traditional growth model relies on large-scale input of capital, labor, and land, but recent declines in capital and human capital returns necessitate a transition towards efficiency and technological progress [2][3] - New quality productivity development is strategically significant for enhancing total factor productivity, with micro-level improvements through R&D, digital transformation, and organizational management [2][3] - Approximately 22% of total factor productivity growth can be attributed to new quality productivity, with internal innovation contributing about 9% and resource allocation efficiency contributing about 13% [3] Group 3 - The formation of new quality productivity requires supportive institutional frameworks and market demand guidance, focusing on the diffusion effects of innovation on resource allocation and industrial upgrading [4][5] - Innovation policies are critical institutional variables influencing the formation of new quality productivity, affecting both individual enterprises and broader market efficiencies [4][5] - Innovation policies can be categorized into pre-emptive policies, which lower barriers to innovation, and post-innovation policies, which protect intellectual property and ensure returns on innovation [5][6] Group 4 - Pre-emptive policies have historically played a significant role in promoting innovation diffusion but may lead to structural constraints and misallocation of resources [5][6] - Post-innovation policies are essential for protecting the returns on successful innovations, motivating enterprises to undertake long-term R&D despite uncertainties [6] - The transition from imitation-based to original innovation necessitates a shift in the innovation policy framework from pre-emptive support to post-innovation incentives, allowing market forces to guide innovation directions [6]