Core Insights - The article discusses China's unique governance approach in balancing fairness and efficiency in the digital economy, emphasizing institutional innovation and technological governance to create a symbiotic relationship among various stakeholders [1]. Group 1: Institutional Innovation - The foundation of China's governance practice begins with the restructuring of property rights and distribution patterns, focusing on mixed ownership reform and data rights [1]. - Mixed ownership reform serves as a crucial measure to connect public ownership with market economy, particularly evident in the digital infrastructure sector [2]. - The "three rights separation" model in Shenzhen allows data providers to retain 70% of the revenue from their data, legally affirming their rights as original producers [2]. Group 2: Technological Governance - China emphasizes the regulation of technological externalities while leveraging technology, aiming to balance efficiency and fairness through a regulatory paradigm that incorporates human concerns into automated decision-making [3]. - The "Interim Measures for the Management of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services" addresses core risks associated with algorithm applications, reflecting a clear value orientation [5]. - Algorithm auditing requirements compel platform companies to disclose discriminatory parameters in their algorithms, promoting transparency and integrating fairness into the entire algorithm development and operation process [5]. Group 3: Practical Outcomes - The Shenzhen data exchange has facilitated transactions where data providers earn an average of approximately 12,000 yuan, demonstrating the initial success of value-sharing mechanisms [4]. - The mixed ownership reform at China Unicom led to a significant increase in digital business revenue, rising from less than 10% to over 30% within five years [3]. - Eastern Airlines Logistics, as the first airline to undergo mixed ownership reform, saw a 210% increase in per capita profit, validating the effectiveness of the capital-labor shared development model [3]. Group 4: Theoretical Advancement - China's governance practices are not a collection of isolated policies but a coherent system with a clear internal logic, focusing on restructuring relationships and redefining rights and obligations in digital production [5]. - The integration of technology in enforcing new property rules and regulating capital movements reflects a governance approach that seeks to enhance equitable distribution of benefits among diverse stakeholders [5]. - The ultimate goal of these coordinated efforts is to achieve a more reasonable distribution of interests, benefiting employees, data providers, users, and the government [5].

Core Insights - The article discusses China's unique governance approach in balancing fairness and efficiency in the digital economy, emphasizing institutional innovation and technological governance to create a symbiotic relationship among various stakeholders [1]. Group 1: Institutional Innovation - China's governance practice begins with restructuring property rights and distribution patterns, focusing on mixed ownership reform to establish a "capital-labor" community of interests [2]. - The mixed ownership reform connects public ownership with market economy, particularly evident in the digital infrastructure sector [2]. - The innovation of data ownership rights aims to break platform monopolies and protect the rights of data providers, exemplified by Shenzhen's "three rights separation" model, which allocates 70% of data revenue rights to data providers [3]. Group 2: Technological Governance - China emphasizes regulating the negative externalities of technology while leveraging it, creating a regulatory paradigm that balances efficiency and fairness [4]. - The "Interim Measures for the Management of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services" introduced in 2023 addresses core risks associated with algorithm applications [4]. - The algorithm audit system has evolved from passive response to proactive regulation, requiring platforms to disclose records of discriminatory parameters in their algorithms, promoting transparency and fairness in algorithm development and operation [4]. Group 3: Theoretical Advancement - China's governance practices are not a collection of isolated policies but a coherent system with a clear internal logic, focusing on the collaboration of institutions, technology, and distribution [5]. - The exploration of new production relationships in the digital economy aims to actively reconstruct the underlying rules of production relations and optimize capital movement through technological means, ultimately striving for a fairer and more sustainable distribution of interests [5]. - The future direction involves systematizing and normalizing these institutional innovations across broader temporal and spatial dimensions [5]. Group 4: Case Studies - China Unicom's mixed ownership reform in 2017 resulted in a shareholding structure of 53% state capital, 36% strategic investors, and 11% core employee ownership, significantly enhancing innovation capabilities and increasing digital business revenue from under 10% to over 30% within five years [6]. - Eastern Airlines Logistics, as the first "airline mixed reform stock," established a three-party interest community with 10% employee ownership, leading to a 210% increase in per capita profit since the reform [6]. - The Shenzhen Data Exchange facilitated transactions where data providers earned an average of approximately 12,000 yuan, demonstrating the practical implementation of market-oriented data allocation and profit-sharing [6].